Background. Pahlavani and Zurkhaneh rituals have existed in Iran since the Parthian Empire. This martial art continued in the Islamic period and flourished due to cultural and social settings. A ...study on the evolution of this art specifies its prospering during the Qajar period as the Zurkhaneh became a common site in the urban context. Pahlavani martial arts play a significant role in depicting heroic behaviors and valiant tutoring and highlight unique architectural features and place emphasis on various cultural venues embedded within signs and symbols. Problem and Aim. The aim of this study is to portray what moral and cultural principles are applied to the structure and arrangement of the Zurkhanehs of the Qajar period. It also attempts to study the cultural and moral position of the Zurkhaneh within Iranian society. Recognition of the symbols and signs of this Pahlavani martial art can therefore acquaint us with the evolutionary process of the foundation of such institutions, and their cultural role, by analyzing concepts such as modesty, virtue and Futuwwa in the structure of the Zurkhanehs of Iran during the Qajar era. Methods. The present study investigates the issue under study via a descriptive-analytic methodology based on library resources and field observations. Conclusion. The findings of the research show that concepts of modesty, virtue, and Futuwwa are perceived in the Qajar Zurkhanehs of Tehran specifically in the way of entering and in the positioning of the Morshed and heroes.
Background. Pahlavani and Zurkhaneh rituals have existed in Iran since the Parthian Empire. This martial art continued in the Islamic period and flourished due to cultural and social settings. A ...study on the evolution of this art specifies its prospering during the Qajar period as the Zurkhaneh became a common site in the urban context. Pahlavani martial arts play a significant role in depicting heroic behaviors and valiant tutoring and highlight unique architectural features and place emphasis on various cultural venues embedded within signs and symbols.Problem and Aim. The aim of this study is to portray what moral and cultural principles are applied to the structure and arrangement of the Zurkhanehs of the Qajar period. It also attempts to study the cultural and moral position of the Zurkhaneh within Iranian society. Recognition of the symbols and signs of this Pahlavani martial art can therefore acquaint us with the evolutionary process of the foundation of such institutions, and their cultural role, by analyzing concepts such as modesty, virtue and Futuwwa in the structure of the Zurkhanehs of Iran during the Qajar era. Methods. The present study investigates the issue under study via a descriptive-analytic methodology based on library resources and field observations.Conclusion. The findings of the research show that concepts of modesty, virtue, and Futuwwa are perceived in the Qajar Zurkhanehs of Tehran specifically in the way of entering and in the positioning of the Morshed and heroes.
In Persian society, illustrators and skilled portraitists developed a particular method of painting in Qajar era, a period in which artwork and historical treasures can be considered among the best, ...especially in painting and they reflect the tastes of kings and social circumstances of that time. One of the best works of that time is illustrated pen cases created mainly in Tehran, Shiraz and Isfahan by skilled portraitists. The majority of these illustrations are women’s figure and partly European figures contemporary with Qajar time. A large number of such pen cases are collected and preserved by Nasser Khalili in London. Careful studying of the paintings on pen cases shows the people’s believes and their points of view especially towards women as an important part of society of Qajar era and also the impressions of western culture upon the Iranian community.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world. In this explanation, genetic variation is associated in all cancers, particularly CRC, and modifications ...of numerous genes, such as CDX1, CYLD, and CDKN2B, are linked to tumorigenesis in CRC. As a result, this research was conducted in order to determine changes in the expression of these genes. Materials and Methods: Specimens of CRC from 72 individuals with confirmation of pathology report, were provided and bought from the Biobanks. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of CDX1, CYLD, and CDKN2B genes in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. These genes' histological associations with grading and staging for upregulation and downregulation were examined. Result: The expression of CYLD (P = 0.01) and CDKN2B (P = 0.02) were upregulated significantly, but the CDX1 (P = 0.03) gene expression was decreased. Correspondingly, there was no significant association between CDX1 downregulation and CDKN2B upregulation with grade, stage, lymph‐node metastasis (P= 0.02) and distant metastasis. Moreover, the CYLD expression was also significantly associated with high grade (P = 0.03), high stage (P = 0.03), lymph‐node metastasis (P= 0.05) and distant metastasis (P= 0.05). Conclusion: The upregulation of CYLD and CDKN2B genes and downregulation of CDX1 gene in tumoral tissues were impressive. Conclusively, the alteration of these genes expression can be considered as a colorectal cancer biomarker.
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequent type of cancer in the world. In this explanation, genetic variation is associated in all cancers, particularly CRC, and modifications ...of numerous genes, such as CDX2, CTNNBIP1, and FAT4, are linked to tumorgenesis in CRC. As a result, this research was conducted in order to determine changes in the expression of these genes. Materials and Methods: After obtaining patient consent and pathology department approval, from72 individuals with confirmation of pathology report,were provided and bought from the Bio banks. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of CDX2, CTNNBIP1, and FAT4 genes in tumoral and non-tumoral tissues. These genes' histological associations with grading and staging for upregulation and downregulation were examined. Result: CDX2 (P = 0.01) and CTNNBIP1 (P = 0.03) expression were highly increased, whereas FAT4 (P= 0.05) expression was downregulated. Similarly, there was no evidence of a link between CDX2 and CTNNBIP1 overexpression and grade, stage, lymphnode metastasis, or distant metastasis. Furthermore, FAT4 expression was linked to highe stage, high grade, distant metastasis and lymphnode metastasis (P 0.05). Conclusion: CTNNBIP1 and CDX2 genes were upregulated in tumoral tissues, while FAT4 genes were downregulated. Finally, changes in the expression of these genes can be used as a CRC biomarker.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most important malignancies in the classification of gastrointestinal cancers. One of the predisposing factors at molecular level for this cancer is via WNT signaling ...which is associated with the vast numbers of different genes. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate whether Adenomatous Polyposis Coli gene (APC) mutation of rs41115in two locations such as 132.002 and 131.989 acts as a trigger or cause of colorectal cancer. Relatively, 30 blood samples of colorectal cancer patients and 30 normal blood samples as control group after colonoscopy and also confirmation of pathology report at Rohani Hospital in Babol (Iran) were investigated. The primers were designed in order to be included the rs41115 to identify the particular polymorphisms of gene. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR direct sequencing method) was used. Conclusively, deletion of adenine in two specific locations such as 131.989 and 132.002 has been identified, but there was no relationship between rs41115 polymorphisms located in adenomatous polyposis coli gene and colorectal cancer.
O câncer colorretal é uma das neoplasias malignas mais importantes na classificação dos cânceres gastrointestinais. Um dos fatores predisponentes no âmbito molecular para esse câncer é através da via de sinalização WNT, que está associada a um grande número de genes diferentes. Portanto, neste estudo, objetivamos investigar se a mutação rs41115 do gene da polipose adenomatosa do cólon (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli – APC) em dois locais como 132.002 e 131.989 atua como gatilho ou como causa do câncer colorretal. Relativamente, 30 amostras de sangue de pacientes com câncer colorretal e 30 amostras de sangue normal (grupo controle) foram analisadas após a colonoscopia, bem como a confirmação do laudo da patologia no Rohani Hospital em Babol (Irã). Os primers foram projetados de modo a incluir o rs41115 para identificar os polimorfismos particulares do gene. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (método de sequenciamento direto por PCR) foi utilizada. Conclusivamente, a deleção de adenina em dois locais específicos, como 131.989 e 132.002, foi identificada, mas não houve relação entre o polimorfismo rs41115 localizado no gene da polipose adenomatosa do cólon e o câncer colorretal.
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