The most important goal of customer service is to keep the customer satisfied. However, service resources are always limited and must prioritize specific customers. Therefore, it is essential to ...identify customers who potentially become unsatisfied and might lead to escalations. Data science on IoT data (especially log data) for machine health monitoring and analytics on enterprise data for customer relationship management (CRM) have mainly been researched and applied independently. This paper presents a data-driven decision support system framework that combines IoT and enterprise data to model customer sentiment and predicts escalations. The proposed framework includes a fully automated and interpretable machine learning pipeline using state-of-the-art methods. The framework is applied in a real-world case study with a major medical device manufacturer providing data from a fleet of thousands of high-end medical devices. An anonymized version of this industrial benchmark is released for the research community based on the presented case study, which has interesting and challenging properties. In our extensive experiments, we achieve a Recall@50 of 50.0% for the task of predicting customer escalations. In addition, we show that combining IoT and enterprise data can improve prediction results and ease troubleshooting. Additionally, we propose a practical workflow for end-users when applying the proposed framework.
Zwischen Rauschen und Offenbarung Friedrich Kittler, Thomas Macho, Sigrid Weigel / Friedrich Kittler, Thomas Macho, Sigrid Weigel
2014
eBook
In der modernen Öffentlichkeit wird die Stimme als das Medium einer demokratischen und sozialen Ordnung betrachtet. Sie steht im Zentrum eines umfangreichen Wortfeldes: Stimmrecht, Abstimmung, Volkes ...Stimme, eine Stimme haben oder die Stimme ergreifen. Ähnlich prominent ist die Stimme im übertragenen Sinne, in der gegenwärtigen Kultur- und Literaturtheorie. Sei es in der berühmten Frage: "Wer spricht?", im Konzept der Polyphonie oder der Intertextualität, in dem es um das Echo der Zitate in der Kunst geht. Was aber kommt zum Ausdruck, wenn "nur" die Stimme zu hören ist, wenn Klang, Rhythmus, Schrei, Atem und Stocken der Stimme jenseits aller Worte, aller Bedeutungen und Signifikate vernehmbar sind? Die langjährige monomanische Verehrung der Schriftreligion und Bildersucht durchbrechend, soll mit den hier versammelten Beiträgen eine Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Stimme skizziert werden. Neben dem Verhältnis von Stimme und Schrift und der Rolle der Stimme in Politik und Jurisprudenz, gilt die Aufmerksamkeit vor allem Themenbereichen wie der Opern-, Musik- und Filmgeschichte sowie der Technikgenese modernerer Aufzeichnungssysteme.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, UbiComp 2007. It covers all current issues in ubiquitous, pervasive and handheld computing ...systems and their applications, including tools and techniques for designing, implementing, and evaluating ubiquitous computing systems; mobile, wireless, and ad hoc networking infrastructures for ubiquitous computing; privacy, security, and trust in ubiquitous and pervasive systems.
Welcome to the International Workshop on Multimedia Content Analysis and Mining, MCAM 2007. Our workshop gives a snapshot of the current wor- wide research in multimedia analysis. Through recent ...advances in computing, networking, and data storage, multimedia will create new interesting technical possibilities in a wide range of ?elds, such as entertainment, commerce, science, medicine, and public safety. To bene?t from this potential, developers need - liable techniques for the analysis, search, and management of multimedia data, as well as distributed system architectures in which these techniques can be embedded to e?ectively help the users. Recently, there have been many workshops and meetings dedicated to M- timedia, but most of them followed the standard pattern consisting mainly of oral and poster presentations. We all feel that there is a need for a meeting that really is a workshop, i.e., one that provides a lot of opportunities for discussions and dissemination. Consequently, the format of the workshop consists of 4 p- els on hot topics in multimedia followedby discussions and poster presentations. The topics of the panels are: Multimedia Analysis and Applications, Multi- dia Search and Mining, P2P Streaming, and Security. This volume contains a number of invited contributions from experts in the area as well as the selected regular contributions. This year 139 submissions from 13 countries were submitted and 46 were accepted for presentation at the conference after being reviewed by the Program Committee members.
gamma-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are members of the ligand gated ion channel superfamily and are the major sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain. GABAA receptors are ...clustered at inhibitory synapses, however, precisely how these receptors are inserted into postsynaptic membranes and stabilised at synapses remains unknown. The focus of this thesis is to further understand the mechanisms important for the targeting and cell surface stability of ionotropic GABAA receptors. To examine the membrane trafficking of these receptors a fusion protein of the gamma2L subunit with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was produced. This fusion protein was functional and allowed the visualisation of receptor membrane targeting and endocytosis in live cells. Interestingly, the targeting of this construct to GABAergic synapses in cultured hippocampal neurones was dependent upon coassembly with receptor alpha and beta subunits. This suggests that the assembly and membrane targeting of GABAA receptors containing the gamma2 subunit follow similar itineraries in heterologous systems and neurones. GABAA receptor beta and gamma subunits were also found to associate with the adaptin complex AP2, a protein implicated in the recruitment of transmembrane proteins into clathrin coated pits. Furthermore, in cultured hippocampal neurones blocking dynamin-dependant endocytosis caused a gradual increase in the amplitude of mIPSCs that reached a plateau at 1.7 to 2.3-fold of it's control value within 40-50 min. These results suggest there must be a relatively fast turnover of GABAA receptors between the cell surface and intracellular compartments. To further study the role of the GABAA receptor binding partner, GABARAP, we compared the subcellular distribution of this protein with that of gephyrin, a protein important for GABAA receptor synaptic clustering. In cultured hippocampal neurones GABARAP associated weakly with synaptic GABAA receptor and gephyrin clusters. However, GABARAP was found at high levels on intracellular membrane compartments including the Golgi and subsynaptic cisternae. Furthermore, GABARAP was found to associate with N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), a protein essential for intracellular membrane transport events and important for receptor trafficking. This suggests that GABARAP may act to facilitate the trafficking of GABAA receptors via it's ability to interact with NSF. The results presented in this thesis suggest that GABAA receptors cycle into and out of the plasma membrane in a process that may be regulated by their association with adaptin complexes and recruitment of NSF via GABARAP. This may allow neurones to specifically modify cell surface receptor levels which may have a critical role in controlling the efficacy of inhibitory synaptic transmission.
γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors are members of the ligand gated ion channel superfamily and are the major sites of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain. GABAA receptors are clustered at ...inhibitory synapses, however, precisely how these receptors are inserted into postsynaptic membranes and stabilised at synapses remains unknown. The focus of this thesis is to further understand the mechanisms important for the targeting and cell surface stability of ionotropic GABAA receptors. To examine the membrane trafficking of these receptors a fusion protein of the γ2L subunit with green fluorescent protein (GFP) was produced. This fusion protein was functional and allowed the visualisation of receptor membrane targeting and endocytosis in live cells. Interestingly, the targeting of this construct to GABAergic synapses in cultured hippocampal neurones was dependent upon coassembly with receptor α and β subunits. This suggests that the assembly and membrane targeting of GABAA receptors containing the γ2 subunit follow similar itineraries in heterologous systems and neurones. GABAA receptor β and γ subunits were also found to associate with the adaptin complex AP2, a protein implicated in the recruitment of transmembrane proteins into clathrin coated pits. Furthermore, in cultured hippocampal neurones blocking dynamin-dependant endocytosis caused a gradual increase in the amplitude of mIPSCs that reached a plateau at 1.7 to 2.3-fold of it's control value within 40-50 min. These results suggest there must be a relatively fast turnover of GABAA receptors between the cell surface and intracellular compartments. To further study the role of the GABAA receptor binding partner, GABARAP, we compared the subcellular distribution of this protein with that of gephyrin, a protein important for GABAA receptor synaptic clustering. In cultured hippocampal neurones GABARAP associated weakly with synaptic GABAA receptor and gephyrin clusters. However, GABARAP was found at high levels on intracellular membrane compartments including the Golgi and subsynaptic cisternae. Furthermore, GABARAP was found to associate with N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF), a protein essential for intracellular membrane transport events and important for receptor trafficking. This suggests that GABARAP may act to facilitate the trafficking of GABAA receptors via it's ability to interact with NSF. The results presented in this thesis suggest that GABAA receptors cycle into and out of the plasma membrane in a process that may be regulated by their association with adaptin complexes and recruitment of NSF via GABARAP. This may allow neurones to specifically modify cell surface receptor levels which may have a critical role in controlling the efficacy of inhibitory synaptic transmission.
Whether machine-learning algorithms can diagnose all pigmented skin lesions as accurately as human experts is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of state-of-the-art ...machine-learning algorithms with human readers for all clinically relevant types of benign and malignant pigmented skin lesions.
For this open, web-based, international, diagnostic study, human readers were asked to diagnose dermatoscopic images selected randomly in 30-image batches from a test set of 1511 images. The diagnoses from human readers were compared with those of 139 algorithms created by 77 machine-learning labs, who participated in the International Skin Imaging Collaboration 2018 challenge and received a training set of 10 015 images in advance. The ground truth of each lesion fell into one of seven predefined disease categories: intraepithelial carcinoma including actinic keratoses and Bowen's disease; basal cell carcinoma; benign keratinocytic lesions including solar lentigo, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis; dermatofibroma; melanoma; melanocytic nevus; and vascular lesions. The two main outcomes were the differences in the number of correct specific diagnoses per batch between all human readers and the top three algorithms, and between human experts and the top three algorithms.
Between Aug 4, 2018, and Sept 30, 2018, 511 human readers from 63 countries had at least one attempt in the reader study. 283 (55·4%) of 511 human readers were board-certified dermatologists, 118 (23·1%) were dermatology residents, and 83 (16·2%) were general practitioners. When comparing all human readers with all machine-learning algorithms, the algorithms achieved a mean of 2·01 (95% CI 1·97 to 2·04; p<0·0001) more correct diagnoses (17·91 SD 3·42 vs 19·92 4·27). 27 human experts with more than 10 years of experience achieved a mean of 18·78 (SD 3·15) correct answers, compared with 25·43 (1·95) correct answers for the top three machine algorithms (mean difference 6·65, 95% CI 6·06–7·25; p<0·0001). The difference between human experts and the top three algorithms was significantly lower for images in the test set that were collected from sources not included in the training set (human underperformance of 11·4%, 95% CI 9·9–12·9 vs 3·6%, 0·8–6·3; p<0·0001).
State-of-the-art machine-learning classifiers outperformed human experts in the diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions and should have a more important role in clinical practice. However, a possible limitation of these algorithms is their decreased performance for out-of-distribution images, which should be addressed in future research.
None.
Background Evolving dermoscopic terminology motivated us to initiate a new consensus. Objective We sought to establish a dictionary of standardized terms. Methods We reviewed the medical literature, ...conducted a survey, and convened a discussion among experts. Results Two competitive terminologies exist, a more metaphoric terminology that includes numerous terms and a descriptive terminology based on 5 basic terms. In a survey among members of the International Society of Dermoscopy (IDS) 23.5% (n = 201) participants preferentially use descriptive terminology, 20.1% (n = 172) use metaphoric terminology, and 484 (56.5%) use both. More participants who had been initially trained by metaphoric terminology prefer using descriptive terminology than vice versa (9.7% vs 2.6%, P < .001). Most new terms that were published since the last consensus conference in 2003 were unknown to the majority of the participants. There was uniform consensus that both terminologies are suitable, that metaphoric terms need definitions, that synonyms should be avoided, and that the creation of new metaphoric terms should be discouraged. The expert panel proposed a dictionary of standardized terms taking account of metaphoric and descriptive terms. Limitations A consensus seeks a workable compromise but does not guarantee its implementation. Conclusion The new consensus provides a revised framework of standardized terms to enhance the consistent use of dermoscopic terminology.
Inhibitory synaptic transmission requires the targeting and stabilization of GABA
receptors (GABA
Rs) at synapses. The mechanisms responsible remain poorly understood, and roles for transmembrane ...accessory proteins have not been established. Using molecular, imaging, and electrophysiological approaches, we identify the tetraspanin LHFPL4 as a critical regulator of postsynaptic GABA
R clustering in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. LHFPL4 interacts tightly with GABA
R subunits and is selectively enriched at inhibitory synapses. In LHFPL4 knockout mice, there is a dramatic cell-type-specific reduction in GABA
R and gephyrin clusters and an accumulation of large intracellular gephyrin aggregates in vivo. While GABA
Rs are still trafficked to the neuronal surface in pyramidal neurons, they are no longer localized at synapses, resulting in a profound loss of fast inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Hippocampal interneuron currents remain unaffected. Our results establish LHFPL4 as a synapse-specific tetraspanin essential for inhibitory synapse function and provide fresh insights into the molecular make-up of inhibitory synapses.
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