The functioning of business structures in the agricultural sector has recently become significantly more complicated. In today's conditions, it is becoming more and more difficult to develop security ...strategies for agribusiness enterprises, because factors that have arisen relatively recently, especially of an external nature, have a significant negative impact on the financial activities of enterprises. In order to make optimal financial decisions, the entire toolkit, developed and tested by many years of business experience in the agricultural sector both abroad and in the middle of our country, should be used. One of these methods is economic descriptive cognitive modeling, which allows to analyze external and internal factors influencing the activities of enterprises, evaluate the strength of their interaction, and graphically display cause-and-effect relationships in a dynamic system. The method of cognitive modeling was studied in order to formalize the influence of exogenous and endogenous processes on the financial activity of agribusiness enterprises. As a result of the research, the components of the development of enterprises in the agricultural sector were analyzed from the standpoint of ensuring the efficiency of their financial activities using cognitive modeling. A matrix of causality and a cognitive map of the influence of a number of factors on the target component "financial activity of the agribusiness enterprises" were built. Impulse modeling of the influence of given concepts was carried out. The results of the conducted cognitive modeling of the influence of factors can be used to develop a safe strategy for the sustainable development of enterprises of other industries in the conditions of dynamic changes. The application of the cognitive approach made it possible to foresee various processes of development of situations in this system that may arise in it under the expected influence of various factors, as well as the influence of regulatory and control systems.
Relevance. Enhancing the development of the machinery manufacturing sector significantly contributes to realizing sustainable economic development goals, thereby fostering sustainable growth ...opportunities across various scales, ranging from local to global. The active advancement of the machine-building sector, which serves as the foundation for sustainable societal progress, demands careful consideration of key factors for the effective operation of machinery manufacturing enterprises with investments being one of the foremost. This highlights the imperative for comprehensive research into the tangible impact of investments in securing the sustainable growth of machine-building businesses. Objective. The paper targets the conduct of analytical research on investment practices and approaches adopted by machine-building enterprises in European Union countries to specify the key investment factors for their sustainable development. Methods. The research is based on both general scientific and specialized methods of economic theory, including methods of theoretical synthesis and comparative analysis. Throughout the research, statistical data from the European Union regarding the operation and performance of machinery manufacturing enterprises were utilized and processed using analysis methods, including comparison, grouping, calculation of averages, and absolute growth. Furthermore, a rating methodology was implemented to identify European Union member states exhibiting the most favorable indicators about the status and dynamics of the machine-building industry. Results. A comprehensive analysis of contemporary scholarly advancements regarding the examination of the role of investments and effective methodologies for their implementation within the machine manufacturing industry was conducted. A grouping of 22 European Union member states was undertaken based on the criteria of the number of machine-building enterprises and indicators of its absolute growth over a ten-year temporal span. The 22 EU member states are grouped by the parameters of the number of machine-building enterprises and their absolute growth over a tenyear period. The average revenue and gross income per enterprise in the selected countries of the European Union’s machinery sector were studied, and based on the results, a ranking was conducted. Utilizing the established ranking of the top selected countries, a comprehensive analysis of key investment indicators was conducted, focusing on parameters that include investments in tangible assets, machinery and equipment, as well as human resources. An overview of investment practices by machinery manufacturing enterprises was undertaken, resulting in the identification of their respective strengths and weaknesses.
Renewable energy is expected to play a significant role in power generation. The European Union, the USA, China, and others, are striving to limit the use of energy crop for energy production and to ...increase the use of crop residue both on the field and for energy generation processes. Therefore, crop residue may become a major energy source, with Ukraine following this course. Currently in Ukraine, renewable power generation does not exceed 10% of total electricity production. Despite a highly developed agriculture sector, there are only a small number of biomass power plants which burn crop residues. To identify possibilities for renewable power generation, the quantity of crop residues, their energy potential, and potential electricity generation were appraised. Cluster analysis was used to identify regions with the highest electricity consumption and crop residue energy potential. The major crops (wheat, barley, rapeseed, sunflower, and soybean) were considered in this study. A national production of crop residue for energy production of 48.66 million tons was estimated for 2018. The availability of crop residues was analyzed taking into account the harvest, residue-to-crop ratio, and residue removal rate. The crop residue energy potential of Ukraine has been estimated at 774.46 PJ. Power generation technologies have been analyzed. This study clearly shows that crop residue may generate between 27 and 108 billion kWh of power. We have selected preferable regions for setting up crop residue power plants. The results may be useful for the development of energy policy and helpful for investors in considering power generation projects.
The article is aimed at determining the priority directions of the rate of build-up of economy growth, ensuring the energy independence of our country, and improving the ecological situation through ...the development of biofuel industry. The main directions of current development of fuel-energy complex of the country, rate of build-up of production growth together with consumption of biofuel are considered. It is determined that the introduction of renewable energy sources in Ukraine is too slow in the rate, and their contribution to the energy balance of the country is rather low. It is substantiated, that one of the most perspective directions of formation of the energy independence is production of biofuel. Prospects for further research in this direction is that the following processes of efficient economic development of our country will largely depend on the solution of the problem of uninterrupted provision with cheap energy resources. At the same time one of the main directions of improvement of the national biofuel production is a balanced process of its transfer to the path of intensification and innovation-investment development, while providing optimization of sowing areas for the formation of raw materials base.
The experience of introducing a hybrid intermittent heating system for educational institutions is presented. The analysis of theoretical and experimental research, modern energy technologies for the ...integration of renewable energy sources into innovative and existing heat supply systems for buildings. The adaptation of modern developments of hybrid systems to buildings operating both in permanent and intermittent operation mode (administrative institutions, educational institutions and other public buildings) has been carried out. The conditions for increasing the efficiency of using heterogeneous renewable energy sources in combined heat supply systems have been established. For the proposed combined heat supply system, a hybrid heat generation is provided using low-potential renewable heat sources in the heat pump cycle and high-potential traditional heat sources in a pellet boiler. A mathematical model of the operating modes of a combined heat supply system using renewable heat sources is proposed, which can be used for numerical modeling of thermal processes in a variable heat supply mode for public buildings. The study of the dynamics of heating the premises when changing the climatic conditions of different regions of Ukraine, including the southern regions, is done. This makes it possible to analyze the efficiency of using alternative energy sources for heat supply and substantiate the conditions for including heat accumulators in the circuit. The research results are relevant because allow to achieve significant energy savings for heat supply of public buildings, characterized by a low level of energy efficiency. The proposed solutions indicate that the combined use of the capabilities of heterogeneous renewable energy sources can be effective only with a hybrid method of heat generation using a heat pump and a pellet boiler, taking into account the operating mode of buildings. As a result of theoretical and experimental studies, it was established: the dynamics of heating and cooling of premises with a high accumulation capacity; the share of replacement of the consumed thermal power in the hybrid use of heat generators. The conditions for the most effective use of heat accumulators in a combined heat supply system have been established. The results obtained make it possible to increase the efficiency of the use of renewable energy sources for public buildings, taking into account the mode of their operation, in which the heat supply system operates in an intermittent mode
The article is aimed at highlighting the strategic principles of formation and development of the biofuel production in Ukraine at a competitive level. The carried out comprehensive analysis of ...scientific publications indicates the relevance of the pace of development in the biofuel industry as in the world, so in Ukraine. However, the low level of consumption and production of biofuels in our country requires further research of strategic nature. It has been found that formation of the competitive production of biofuels in Ukraine would ensure the positive developments in the economic, energy, agro-industrial, and environmental directions. On the basis of the carried out SWOT-analysis, the author has evaluated internal forces and the system of internal shortages, as well as the resource potential of the agro-industrial complex towards the implementation of existing external opportunities and confronting various threats, emerging in the market conditions during the process of development and rise of the biofuel industry.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of global processes of biodiesel production and to establish priority areas of biodiesel production in Ukraine based on the calculation of ...economic efficiency of production from different raw materials to ensure energy independence of the agro-industrial sector. The article highlights the historical processes, current trends, and prospects for the production and consumption of biodiesel in the world. Modern approaches to the formation, development, and support of biodiesel production in the European Union are outlined. The following methods, as well as techniques, have been used during the research: economic-historical and analytical generalizations; monographic; graphic; statistical analysis; prognostication; abstract-logical. Statistical results have been processed on a personal computer using special WindowsXP applications: Word, Excel 7.0, and the system "STATISTICA". The economic efficiency of biodiesel production in Ukraine from different types of raw materials (rapeseed, sunflower, soybean) is considered. Modern approaches to efficient biodiesel production in Ukraine and perspective directions of formation of raw material base for increase of biodiesel production are offered.
The article is aimed to study the worldwide trends in development of innovative processes and creation of cluster structures for elaborating methodological foundations for establishing the ...competitive production of biofuels. The article highlights the cluster approaches in conducting the global commercial activities that create effective mechanisms and tools to encourage innovation-investment regional development and can be characterized by their relevance for the Ukrainian economy. Emphasis is made on the matter that clustering is one of the key tools for structuring the energy market, integrated exploiting the potential of bioenergy industry sector, management of the economic policies of redistribution of value added, implementation of the growth of investment attractiveness of the biofuel industry in our country. It has been concluded that cluster development in the biofuel production will stimulate specialization and cooperation processes in the agro-industrial economy sector, bringing together related businesses in the direction of an effective interaction, thereby ensuring a high level of competitiveness of biofuels in both the national and the international markets.
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