This article investigates the content and the consequences of the prototypes of people with depression in a multimethod fashion. Fourteen preregistered studies (total N = 5,023, with U.S. American, ...British, and French adult participants) show that laypeople consider people with depression as having specific psychological, social, and physical features (e.g., unattractive, overweight, unsuccessful, introverted). Target prototypicality influences how much laypeople believe others have depression, how much observers believe that depression-like symptoms cause someone to experience psychological pain, and how much professional mental health care is appropriate for others. This effect was not reduced by instructing people to focus on the symptoms and ignore the target features yet was weakly reduced by informing them of the effect. We discuss theoretical implications for the understanding of prototypes of people with depression and practical implications for alleviating the impact of prototypes.
The number of asylum seekers and refugees across the world is rapidly increasing. Negative attitudes toward these groups are globally prevalent and typically hostile because most receiving country ...citizens perceive them to be a security threat and an economic burden. This paper aims to understand the antecedents of negative attitudes toward a large refugee group currently garnering a great deal of attention—Syrian refugees, and experimentally test ways to ameliorate negative attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 122), we investigated predictors of social distance—as a proxy for prejudice—and found right‐wing authoritarianism and intergroup anxiety to be significant predictors. In Study 2 (N = 162), we tested whether perceived acculturation orientation would predict social distance and found that Americans were less prejudiced toward Syrians who preferred to assimilate rather than integrate. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 153), we tested if a form of vicarious contact could reduce social distance via reduced intergroup anxiety; we found initial evidence for this mediation link. We discussed the potential for the vicarious contact intervention to foster positive intergroup relations and contribute to refugee wellbeing.
A phytoalexin polyphenolic chemical, resveratrol, can be found in a variety of foods, including cereals, peanuts, grapes, strawberries, and raspberries. It is also known that resveratrol protects the ...body against cardiovascular diseases as well as various types of cancer. In addition to these health issues, resveratrol is currently the subject of research since it helps treat and prevent a number of illnesses. More clinical research is needed to validate resveratrol's potential as a therapeutic agent, despite the plethora of in vitro and in vivo evidence to support this. When the literature data are evaluated, the fact that resveratrol has a therapeutic effect in these studies, but it is known to be subject to rapid metabolism despite its low bioavailability and oral absorption of approximately 75%, has directed the studies to resveratrol derivatives, especially piceatannol. Based on recent studies, 4 types of resveratrol derivatives were assessed in this work: hydroxylated compounds, methoxylated compounds, glycosides, and oligomers. Because of their advantageous bioactivities, methoxylated, hydroxylated, and halogenated derivatives have drawn the most interest among these classes. However, as a result of these studies, more studies should be conducted to better understand whether resveratrol derivatives can be recommended as therapeutic agents. Keywords: Piceatannol, resveratrol, resveratrol derivatives
Biosorption was carried out using Fraxinus excelsior L. (Oleaceae) (FEO) as a natural waste to remove methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Based on the results of the study carried out under ...optimum conditions (pH: 6, initial dye concentration: 5 mg/L, biosorbent dose: 1 g, contact time: 30 min, stirring speed: 150 rpm, and temperature: 298 K), the FEO biosorbent removed 89% of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. In addition, parameters affecting biosorption (pH, initial dye concentration, biosorbent dose, temperature, and stirring speed) were examined, and isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies were performed. Freundlich, Langmuir, Elovich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms were calculated in the isotherm studies, and the Freundlich isotherm was higher than the others. The correlation coefficient of pseudo-second-order kinetic model was higher than for the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The ΔG values from the thermodynamic studies showed that the process occurred spontaneously. Consequently, the FEO biosorbent is suitable in removing synthetic dyes from aqueous solutions due to its effectiveness, low cost, and eco-friendly characteristics.
•Meta-humanization relates to more openness to support outgroup members.•Meta-humanization relates to more willingness for contact and peace with outgroup members.•Meta-humanization relates to less ...perceived intergroup threat.•However, meta-humanization relates to less support for intergroup negotiation.•Blatant dehumanization consistently explained the investigated findings on conciliatory attitudes.
Relations between groups are particularly sensitive in post-conflict societies where tensions persist, and reconciliation remains unlikely. The present research investigated whether believing or learning that an outgroup humanizes the ingroup (i.e., meta-humanization) enhances conciliatory attitudes and intergroup negotiations. In three studies conducted in the post-conflict context of Kosovo (N = 1,407), we investigated whether meta-humanization, in comparison to meta-dehumanization (i.e., the belief that outgroups dehumanize the ingroup) or a control condition wherein no information related to (de)humanization is provided, impacts various intergroup outcomes through the attribution of secondary emotions (i.e., the tendency to deny outgroups the capability to experience human emotions) and blatant dehumanization (i.e., the tendency to overtly or explicitly regard outgroup members as being less than fully human). Using correlational data, Study 1 revealed that blatant dehumanization, but not the attribution of secondary emotions, mediated the effect of meta-humanization on conciliatory attitudes, including support for the outgroup, openness to future contact, and feelings of peace with outgroup members. However, this pattern did not extend to intergroup negotiation, as none of the indirect effects through both the attribution of secondary emotions and blatant dehumanization were significant. Using experimental data, Study 2 demonstrated that participants in the meta-humanization condition exhibited lower levels of blatant dehumanization towards the outgroup, increased support for the outgroup, greater openness to intergroup contact, and reported feeling more at peace with outgroup members compared to those in both the meta-dehumanization and control conditions. However, participants in the meta-dehumanization and control conditions showed greater support for intergroup negotiation than those in the meta-humanization condition. Moreover, Study 2 indicated that blatant dehumanization, rather than the attribution of secondary emotions, mediated the effect of meta-humanization on all these outcomes—except for intergroup negotiations. Finally, Study 3 replicated the findings observed in Study 2 regarding the effect of meta-humanization (vs. meta-dehumanization and control) on conciliatory attitudes and intergroup negotiation while controlling for meta-prejudice. Furthermore, Study 3 revealed that both blatant dehumanization and the attribution of secondary emotions mediated the effects of meta-humanization on all these outcomes. In sum, this set of studies shows that meta-humanization promotes reconciliation, especially via reduced blatant dehumanization, but these beneficial effects do not extend to support for intergroup negotiation.
The conceptual path model tested in all studies. Display omitted
Over the past decades, LGBTQ+ issues have been at the centre of politics, social movements, and human rights discussions across the world. Consistent with these developments, there is a growing ...interest in social psychological research into sexual orientation and gender identities. The emerging research not only taps recent societal developments and the effects of these on LGBTQ+ people; but also focuses on very old research questions of stereotypes and prejudice that are still relevant today. In this special issue, we bring together nine papers addressing several of these issues using qualitative, correlational, and experimental methods with sexual majority and minority samples across different cultural contexts. We discuss the current state of the field and how further research could enhance our understanding of LGBTQ+ issues.
Objectives: As citizens by birth, U.S.-born Latines are not subject to deportation. However, many have undocumented friends or family members who are. We examined whether concerns about the ...deportation of friends or family members shape U.S.-born Latines’ feelings of anger and fear about U.S. immigration policy as well as identity conflict, variables associated with collective action for immigrants’ rights. Method: After establishing the effectiveness of our experimental manipulation in a pilot study ( N = 378), we randomly assigned a national sample of U.S.-born Mexican and Central Americans ( N = 1,244) to imagine the deportation of friends or family members or to a control condition. Participants reported their anger and fear about U.S. immigration policy, their sense of identity conflict, and their willingness to engage in collective action for immigrants’ rights. Prior to the experimental manipulation, participants also reported their Latine identity centrality and fear of protesting. Results: Concerns about the deportation of friends or family members increased anger and fear about U.S. immigration policy but not identity conflict. These feelings were independently associated with greater willingness to engage in collective action for immigrants’ rights. Conclusions: The political consequences of the criminalization of undocumented status extend beyond undocumented immigrants themselves, strengthening feelings associated with collective action for immigrants’ rights among their U.S.-born friends’ and family members. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ
Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as ...more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.
The number of mental health-related 999 calls to emergency services has increased in recent years. However, emergency services staff have an unfavourable reputation when it comes to supporting people ...experiencing mental health problems.
To assess the levels of explicit and implicit mental health stigma among accident and emergency, ambulance and police staff, and draw comparisons with the general population. Additional analyses sought to identify which variables predict mental health stigma among emergency services staff.
A cross-sectional survey of 1837 participants, comprising four independent groups (accident and emergency, ambulance and police staff, and the general population).
Levels of mental health stigma across all four groups were lower than those reported in recent surveys of the general population by the 'Time to Change' campaign. Within this study, explicit levels of mental health stigma were lower among the general population compared with emergency services staff. There was no difference between emergency service professions, nor were there any between-group differences in terms of implicit mental health stigma. The only consistent predictors of mental health stigma were attitudes and future behavioural intentions, whereby increased stigma was predicted by increased fear, reduced sympathy and greater intended discrimination.
Our findings suggest that levels of mental health stigma have improved over time, but there is room for improvement in emergency services staff. Interventions to improve mental health stigma may be most effective if, in line with the cognitive-behavioural model of stigma, they target attitudes and behavioural intentions.
Magnesite is an important raw material used in various industrial applications, especially the production of high-temperature resistant materials. Due to its high reactant nature, magnesite ore is ...not found in pure form and it contains a great variety of pollutants such as calcium compounds, which restrict its use when exceeding 1% of the ore. Thus, the development of efficient strategies for the removal of pollutants remains a crucial step for magnesite utilization. In this regard, our present work was conducted to isolate and identify active fungal strains that remove calcium pollutants without changing the main magnesium content of the ore. For this aim, magnesite ore samples were collected from two quarries (Turanocağı and Ortaocak) of KÜMAŞ Magnesite Inc. and fungal isolation studies were done by using the ore's flora. Active isolates were chosen according to their CaCO
3
and MgCO
3
dissolving capabilities and identified by using conventional light microscopy and molecular characterization techniques. 71 fungal isolates were obtained from the isolation step and 14 of them were chosen as active isolates that solve calcium compounds while not affecting the magnesium component. The data of the microscopic examination and 18S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that 14 active strains with magnesite enrichment potential grouped in Aspergillus alliaceus (3), Aspergillus flavus (2), Aspergillus leporis (1), Aspergillus nomius (1), Fusarium tricinctum (2), Penicillium chrysogenum (1) and Penicillium sp. (4).
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