The pathology of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) causes Richardson’s syndrome (RS) and variant clinical phenotypes, with differential cognitive, behavioural and motor deficits. Survival is 3-4 ...years from diagnosis. The PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS) is prognostically informative, but the impact of cognitive and behavioural changes on survival is less clear. We test univariate and multivariate models of survival to determine the best clinically-applicable model for all-cause mortality.The MDS 2017 criteria were used to phenotype patients at the Cambridge Centre for Parkinson-plus (UK). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models assessed the relationship between survival and clinicalvariables(PSPRS, MMSE, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination,Cambridge Behavioural Inventory).335 people (male=56%, age 71.4±7.2 years) were identified with possible, probable or definite PSP. RS and variant groups had similar disease severity at baseline assessment (p=0.6) and survival (p=0.2). For 3-year mortality, PSPRS was the most reliable single predictor (AUC=0.68). Age, sex and PSPRS improved the model(AUC=0.71), but over all models Akaike’s Information Criterion identified the best model for RS to include PSPRS, CBI and MMSE(AUC=0.79, p=0.01). CBI and MMSE also improved the model for var- iant-PSP(PSPRS, CBI and MMSE AUC=0.89 vs 0.73, p=0.01).Inclusion of cognitive and behavioural measures improves the prediction of mortality in PSP.
Geological uncertainty is often ignored in slope reliability analysis, even though the inherent variability of soil parameters is considered. This paper aims to propose a method for slope reliability ...analysis by considering both the inherent variability of soil parameters and geological uncertainty. A coupled Markov chain (CMC) model is used to simulate the geological uncertainty. An implementation procedure for slope reliability considering the aforementioned two types of uncertainty is provided. A slope reliability problem is analyzed to validate the proposed method with the borehole data from Perth, Australia. Different borehole layout schemes are designed to reflect the effect of both number and location of boreholes on slope reliability. Moreover, which type of uncertainty mentioned above has a greater impact on slope reliability is explored. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively evaluate the slope reliability considering these two types of uncertainty. If only the inherent variability is considered, the accuracy of reliability analysis mainly depends on the used geological profiles. Borehole layout scheme has a significant effect on slope reliability. Both probability of failure (Pf) and mean of factor of safety (FS) of slope do not monotonously vary with an increasing number of boreholes. The boreholes designed in the critical influence zone can provide more information to improve the accuracy of slope reliability. The coefficients of variation (COVs) of shear strength parameters and the discrepancy among the means of shear strengths for different soils play different and major role between the two types of uncertainty in the reliability analysis of soil slope.
Geological uncertainty appears in the form of one soil layer embedded in another or the inclusion of pockets of different soil type within a more uniform soil mass. An efficient coupled Markov chain ...(CMC) model has been proposed to simulate geological uncertainty in the past. This model, however, cannot be directly applied to geotechnical engineering. The primary problem lies in the estimation of horizontal transition probability matrix (HTPM), one key input of the CMC model. The HTPM is difficult to estimate due to the wide spacing between boreholes in the horizontal direction. Hence, a practical method for estimating the HTPM is proposed based on borehole data. The effectiveness of this method can be evaluated using the following approach. Several virtual borehole outcomes are simulated using artificial HTPM. The HTPM estimated from the virtual boreholes is compared with the artificial HTPM. Boreholes collected from Perth, Australian are adopted to illustrate the proposed method for HTPM estimation. The results show that the estimated HTPM agrees well with the artificial HTPM if the artificial (real) HTPM or vertical transition probability matrix (VTPM) is strongly diagonally dominant (diagonal element is larger than the sum of off-diagonal elements). The estimated HTPM is not sensitive to the borehole layout scheme as the diagonal dominancy of the HTPM is strong.
•Borehole data are collected to verify the first-order Markovian property.•A new method is proposed to estimate the HTPM of coupled Markov chain.•The effectiveness of the proposed method for HTPM estimation is evaluated.•The sensitivity of the estimated HTPM to borehole layout scheme is analyzed.
Geological uncertainty appears in the form of one soil layer embedded in another or the inclusion of pockets of different soil type within a more uniform soil mass. Uncertainty in factor of safety ...(FS) and probability of failure (Pf) of slope induced by the geological uncertainty is not well studied in the past. This paper presents one approach to evaluate the uncertainty in FS and Pf of slope in the presence of geological uncertainty using borehole data. The geological uncertainty is simulated by an efficient coupled Markov chain (CMC) model. Slope stability analysis is then conducted based on the simulated heterogeneous soils. Effect of borehole layout schemes on uncertainty evaluation of FS and Pf is investigated. The results show that borehole within influence zone of the slope is essential for a precise evaluation of FS statistics and Pf. The mean of FS will converge to the correct answer as the borehole number increases.
This paper aims to investigate the reliability of strip footing in the presence of spatially variable undrained shear strength that linearly increases with depth. A non-stationary random field is ...used to model the spatially varying undrained shear strength. A strip footing example is presented to investigate the effect of spatially variable undrained shear strength on the performance of strip footing. The results indicate that the mean bearing capacity for spatially variable undrained shear strength is smaller than that obtained from a deterministic analysis. Both the mean and standard deviation of bearing capacity increase with increasing autocorrelation length. Ignoring the trend of undrained shear strength linearly increasing with depth will significantly overestimate the probability of failure of the strip footing. A factor of safety significantly below 3.0 may be used for designing strip footings if the trend of undrained shear strength linearly increasing with depth is considered properly.
碩士
逢甲大學
資訊工程學系
107
In order to provide a system to prevent side channel analysis, some national or private projects today have introduced an evaluation strategy that is common in classical ...cryptography. It focuses on the most powerful opponents capable of training and learning, relying on device behavior and sensitive data values. In some works, this analysis (called a template attack of the side channel) can be re-described as a classic machine learning classification problem with a learning phase. According to recent research in the current field, deep learning algorithms are very effective in evaluating the security of embedded systems, such as adding masking (masking) on the device, which can make the side channel analysis efficiency lower, and There are many advantages over other methods, which is clearly an important limitation of the previous side channel analysis and a challenging problem in the side channel analysis.
This paper is intended to address these limitations in a number of ways. First of al
PDF