It is a mistake to think that football is just a physical movement, a rough coercion of an opponent, because it is often more than a game. Football is a contemporary social phenomenon, and the state ...of football is often an indicator of the state of society and politics. In the Croatian and generally South Slavic areas, football was the most popular sport from the very beginning, and it attracted the largest number of spectators and aroused great public interest. Football is never just football, it is always politicized and it reflects relations in society in general, and in a way it is an X-ray of everything that is going on in society. The article shows how football in the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes / Yugoslavia and in socialist Yugoslavia was a means of expressing Croatian ethnical and national identity due to political disputes and divisions.
Based on archival sources, the contemporaneous press, and the accounts of people from that time, this article presents the state of affairs and problems faced by football, the most popular Yugoslav ...sport, in the 1960s and early 1970s. Yugoslav football in the 1960s was faced with many problems and difficulties. The basic question posed in that period was related to the reorganisation of professional football, which appeared in socialist Yugoslavia in the mid-1960s. The introduction of professionalism in football entailed a series of questions such as: the social-legal physiognomy of the clubs; the formation and internal organisation of the clubs; the association and organisation of professional clubs within the frame of the Football Association of Yugoslavia; the division between amateur and non-amateur football; the status of players, the employment of professional footballers, i.e. the need to change the basic employment law, etc.
Summary of the book in English. (Davor Kovačić, Kriminal u Nezavisnoj Državi Hrvatskoj Crime in the Independent State of Croatia, (Zagreb: Hrvatski institut za povijest, 2017))
The Yugoslav football clubs of the First National League and partly of the Second National League were affected in the 1970s by the process of commercialization indicated through the relations within ...the club and with other organisations, which were dedicated to only one goal – how and in what manner to provide sufficient funds for financing costs. By adopting the Associated Labour Act, there was also an attempt to introduce self-governing into the football clubs of the First National League. However, the transformation of football professionals in the associated labour had been slow and most often had not been realised at all, in reality it was a matter of decision by the “technocratic-bureaucratic” and managerial structures in the clubs, which were takingup very important social positions. At the same time, the senior political and football officials had constantly emphasized the need to introduce more rapid process of self-governing transformation and clearing of football negativities. Based on all the above, it can be concluded that the self-governing model of the 1970s, or the “the mastering of workers by expanded reproduction” had essentially been unattainable because it was not adapted to the real relations in society, and its application to the relations in the professional football proved to be utopian.
The article analyses the was out from the death camps in Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška in 1941-1945. Author crytisise the earlier works of the Yugodslav historiography, which mosly focused its works ...on the estimations of number of the victims killed in the camps, or decsribing the activities of the illegal Communist organisation inside the camp. All other ascpets of the camps existance and daily routine, including the cases of the detainees which were sent out from the camops, were researched and desribed as rare or random case.
Zagreb was the political-administrative centre of the Independent State of Croatia during its four years of existence. Immediately following the establishment of the new state security measures were ...introduced to bring order to the city and increase the sense of security of its inhabitants. Due to wartime conditions the Zagreb police introduced decrees concerning curfews and blackouts which were enforced by sanctions against transgressors. At first, transgressors were fined, later they were incarcerated and taken away to do forced labour. Likewise, security measures were used to ‘beautify’ the capital city of the Independent State of Croatia by removing beggars, vagrants, prostitutes, the jobless and all those who were perceived to pose a constant threat to private property. Due to an influx of population and a growth in the amount of urban traffic the police attempted to bring order to this aspect of urban life also. Such efforts by the authorities can not be treated as government violence, or police terror, particularly not as aggression directed toward opponents of the regime. The government of the Independent State of Croatia carried out terror against its own citizens on the basis of racial origins, but also against those who dared to question the laws, regulations and policies of the Ustaša regime.
Following Germany’s attack on the USSR, Moscow wanted the territory of Croatia and the whole of Yugoslavia to be engulfed in a war of diversionary guerrilla actions in cities, as well as the ...destruction of railways and roads, in order to ease the pressure on the Red Army on the Eastern Front. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia began with intensive preparations for an action to liberate prisoners from the concentration camp at Kerestinec, but these were suspended when the Zagreb City Committee executed its plans according to Kopinič, or in other words, the Comintern. Following the failure to carry out the action of liberating the prisoners from the concentration camp at Kerestinec, it was decided to move over to armed struggle, rather than combat in urban areas. At the same time, guerrilla actions, sabotage and diversions were undertaken, especially in the capital city, Zagreb.
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