Abstract
In this study, a mathematical model is developed to scrutinize the transient magnetic flow of Cross nanoliquid past a stretching sheet with thermal radiation effects. Binary chemical ...reactions and heat source/sink effects along with convective boundary condition are also taken into the consideration. Appropriate similarity transformations are utilized to transform partial differential equations (PDE’s) into ordinary ones and then numerically tackled by shooting method. The impacts of different emerging parameters on the thermal, concentration, velocity, and micro-rotation profiles are incorporated and discussed in detail by means of graphs. Results reveal that, the escalation in magnetic parameter and Rayleigh number slowdowns the velocity and momentum of the fluid. The increase in Biot number, radiation and heat sink/source parameters upsurges the thermal boundary but, converse trend is seen for escalating Prandtl number. The density number of motile microorganisms acts as a growing function of bioconvection Lewis number and declining function of bioconvection Peclet number.
Scientists and engineers have experimentally noticed that the heat transfer is essential for preeminence of multi scale production. Thermal properties are naturally accomplished via continuous phase ...liquids. Its importance is nevertheless constrained by the low capacity for heat transfer. Consequently, the increased heat transference phenomenon must be employed to accomplish the expected results. In this regard, the nature of the Arrhenius activation energy in the flow of hybrid nanoliquid over a curved stretchable surface (CSS) in the presence of exponential heat generation is scrutinized. The fluid suspended with Manganese zinc ferrite (MnZnFe2O4) and Nickel zinc ferrite (NiZnFe2O4) as nanoparticles along with Kerosene oil as a base liquid is accounted in this study. The described flow equations are transformed by using appropriate similarity variables and then they are tackled with Runge Kutta Fehlberg‐45 (RKF‐45) scheme by adopting shooting process. It can be concluded that, the increasing values of Biot number and heat source/sink parameter improves the thermal gradient. Further, hybrid nanofluid shows high heat transfer rate when compared to nanoliquid for improved values of heat source/sink parameter.
Scientists and engineers have experimentally noticed that the heat transfer is essential for preeminence of multi scale production. Thermal properties are naturally accomplished via continuous phase liquids. Its importance is nevertheless constrained by the low capacity for heat transfer. Consequently, the increased heat transference phenomenon must be employed to accomplish the expected results. In this regard, the nature of the Arrhenius activation energy in the flow of hybrid nanoliquid over a curved stretchable surface (CSS) in the presence of exponential heat generation is scrutinized.…
This study mainly focusses on the rheological properties of the nanofluids by using Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li model. The nanofluids have been proposed as viable replacements to traditional fluids due to ...their increased heat transport capacity. In this regard, the influence of non-uniform heat sink/source and thermal radiation effects on the nanoliquid flow past a stretching sheet is studied in the presence of chemical reaction and magnetic dipole. The defined flow equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations by using appropriate similarity variables and then they are numerically tackled with Runge Kutta Fehlberg-45 (RKF-45) scheme by adopting shooting process. The graphical outcomes of the velocity, thermal, concentration profiles, drag force, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are found to get an obvious insight into the existing boundary layer flow problem. The outcomes reveal that, the gain in values of radiation parameter improves the thermal profile due to the production of inner heat. The rise in Biot number improves the thermal boundary layer region which automatically boosts up the thermal profile. Further, the escalation in space-dependent internal heat sink/source parameter deteriorates the rate of heat transfer.
The fast-growing web technology is more focused on developing optimized image compression tools to increase the efficiency of search engines and data validation. The wavelet-based progressive image ...compression is a more popular compression technique used in standard JPEG 2000 codec design for multimedia image applications. The embedded zero tree wavelet coding (EZTW) is one of the lossy wavelet-based image compression which produces a high compression rate by neglecting redundant coefficients during encoding. However, singular value decomposition (SVD) is a lossless image compression, where high energy compaction and adaptability for local variance made its reconstruction quality high with a shortcoming compression ratio. In this proposed hybrid technique, the mean extracted image is segmented into blocks were subjected to SVD and modified EZTW compression. In addition, adaptive thresholding and rank selections by using an optimizer algorithm help in scoring high compression rates and effective edge reconstruction. The comparative study of the proposed technique with the art of work shows an enhancement in PSNR scores, significantly obtained at 24.64 dB even at high compression rates (90:1) for boat images.
Fins are widely used in many industrial applications, including heat exchangers. They benefit from a relatively economical design cost, are lightweight, and are quite miniature. Thus, this study ...investigates the influence of a wavy fin structure subjected to convective effects with internal heat generation. The thermal distribution, considered a steady condition in one dimension, is described by a unique implementation of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) as part of machine-learning intelligent strategies for analyzing heat transfer in a convective wavy fin. This novel research explores the use of PINNs to examine the effect of the nonlinearity of temperature equation and boundary conditions by altering the hyperparameters of the architecture. The non-linear ordinary differential equation (ODE) involved with heat transfer is reduced into a dimensionless form utilizing the non-dimensional variables to simplify the problem. Furthermore, Runge-Kutta Fehlberg's fourth-fifth order (RKF-45) approach is implemented to evaluate the simplified equations numerically. To predict the wavy fin's heat transfer properties, an advanced neural network model is created without using a traditional data-driven approach, the ability to solve ODEs explicitly by incorporating a mean squared error-based loss function. The obtained results divulge that an increase in the thermal conductivity variable upsurges the thermal distribution. In contrast, a decrease in temperature profile is caused due to the augmentation in the convective-conductive variable values.
This study reports an incompressible electrically conducting Casson–Maxwell fluid flow confined across two uniformly stretchable disks. Buongiorno nanofluid model is implemented in the fluid flow. ...Cattaneo–Christov theory of double-diffusion is characterized through the heat and mass equations. Velocity, thermal and concentration slip conditions are executed at the lower stretchable disk. The flow model is dimensionalized through the similarity functions and then numerical solution is attained by RKF-45 scheme combined with shooting technique. The results of physical parameters are discussed by plotting the effects of such parameters on velocity, thermal and concentration fields. The results revealed that the Maxwell liquid is highly effected by Lorentz force than the Casson liquid. Thermal gradient of Maxwell liquid is highly influenced by stretching ratio parameter when compared to Casson fluid. Increase in Casson parameter and Deborah number declines the velocity gradient. Rise in the values of Brownian motion parameter declines the concentration gradient. Finally, the upsurge in thermal relaxation time parameter enhances the thermal gradient quickly in absence of thermal slip parameter.
BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that has been deployed in India. The results of the phase 3 trial have shown clinical efficacy of BBV152. We aimed to evaluate the ...effectiveness of BBV152 against symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.
We conducted a test-negative, case-control study among employees of the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India), who had symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and had an RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 during the peak of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in India between April 15 and May 15, 2021. Cases (test-positives) and controls (test-negatives) were matched (1:1) on the basis of age and gender. The odds of vaccination with BBV152 were compared between cases and controls and adjusted for level of occupational exposure (to COVID-19), previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and calendar time, using conditional logistic regression. The primary outcome was effectiveness of two doses of BBV152 (with the second dose received at least 14 days before testing) in reducing the odds of symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, expressed as (1 – odds ratio) × 100%.
Between April 15 and May 15, 2021, 3732 individuals had an RT-PCR test. Of these, 2714 symptomatic employees had data on vaccination status, and 1068 matched case-control pairs were available for analysis. The adjusted effectiveness of BBV152 against symptomatic COVID-19 after two doses administered at least 14 days before testing was 50% (95% CI 33–62; p<0·0001). The adjusted effectiveness of two doses administered at least 28 days before testing was 46% (95% CI 22–62) and administered at least 42 days before testing was 57% (21–76). After excluding participants with previous SARS-CoV-2 infections, the adjusted effectiveness of two doses administered at least 14 days before testing was 47% (95% CI 29–61).
This study shows the effectiveness of two doses of BBV152 against symptomatic COVID-19 in the context of a huge surge in cases, presumably dominated by the potentially immune-evasive delta (B.1.617.2) variant of SARS-CoV-2. Our findings support the ongoing roll-out of this vaccine to help control the spread of SARS-CoV-2, while continuing the emphasis on adherence to non-pharmacological measures.
None.
For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
Introduction
Sheath blight caused by
Rhizoctonia solani
is one of the major diseases of rice, causing widespread crop losses. The use of semi-dwarf rice varieties in the ongoing nutrient-intensive ...rice cultivation system has further accentuated the incidence of the disease. An ideal solution to this problem would be identifying a stable sheath blight-tolerant genotype.
Material and methods
A multi-environment evaluation of 32 rice genotypes against sheath blight infection was conducted over six seasons across two locations (Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (28.18° N, 38.03° E, and 75.5 masl), for four years during the wet seasons (
kharif
) from 2015 to 2018 and two seasons at the National Rice Research Institute (20°27’09” N, 85°55’57” E, 26 masl), Cuttack, Odisha, during the dry season (
rabi
) of 2019 and the
kharif
of 2019, including susceptible and resistant check. Percent disease index data were collected over 4 weeks (on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day after infection), along with data on other morphological and physiological traits.
Result and discussion
The resistant genotypes across seasons were the ones with a higher hemicellulose content (13.93-14.64) and lower nitrogen content (1.10- 1.31) compared with the susceptible check Tapaswini (G32) (hemicellulose 12.96, nitrogen 1.38), which might explain the resistant reaction. Three different stability models—additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), genotype + genotype x environment (GGE) biplot, and multi-trait stability index (MTSI)—were then used to identify the stable resistant genotypes across six seasons. The results obtained with all three models had common genotypes highlighted as stable and having a low area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values. The ideal stable genotypes with low disease incidence were IC 283139 (G19), Tetep (G28), IC 260917 (G4), and IC 277274 (G10), with AUDPC values of 658.91, 607.46, 479.69, and 547.94, respectively. Weather parameters such as temperature, rainfall, sunshine hours, and relative humidity were also noted daily. Relative humidity was positively correlated with the percent disease index.
Mechanical properties of Kevlar fibers are significantly affected by their chemical structure when they are subjected to ultraviolet (UV) environment owing to photo degradation effect. In this work, ...Kevlar fibers are modified by means of impregnating with the titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) using low temperature hydrothermal process and dip coating methods. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum confirms that hydrothermal treated Kevlar fibers exhibited outstanding UV resistance among others. The UV durability of the TiO
2
modified Kevlar fiber is carried out using accelerated photoageing method up to 180 hours. Results of the tensile test showed that the best tensile strength was demonstrated by the modified fiber.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an emerging metal-free photocatalyst, however, engineering the photocatalytic efficiency for the effective degradation of hazardous molecules is still ...challenging. An unstable and low bandgap CuWO4 was composited with g-C3N4 to achieve synergistic benefits of tuning the visible light responsiveness and stability of CuWO4. CuWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite exhibited a relatively high visible light absorption region and the bandgap was modified from 2.77 to 2.53 eV evidenced via UV-DRS. Moreover, the fast electron transfer rate was observed with CuWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as confirmed using PL and photocurrent studies. XRD, FT-IR, and HR-TEM analyses signified the formation of CuWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite. CuWO4/g-C3N4 nanocomposite showed enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline (TC) about ∼7.4 fold greater than pristine g-C3N4 in 120 min. Notably, the OH• and •O2− radicals played a most significant role in photocatalytic TC degradation. Furthermore, the energy band structure, density of state, and Bader charge analyses of these molecules were performed.
•CuWO4/g-C3N4 exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Tetracycline.•The built-in electric field and the matched energy band triggered Z-scheme system.•The stability of nanocomposite improved up to 6 cycles compared with CuWO4.•The OH.• and •O2− played a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation•The energy band structure, density of state and Bader charge analyses were analysed.
PDF
