La Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) es un proyecto emblemático no sólo del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública1 sino también de la Secretaría de Salud de México, el cual permite ...conocer cuál es el estado de salud y las condiciones nutricionales de los diversos grupos que conforman la población mexicana, a partir de datos anuales ...
The School of Public Health of Mexico (ESPM, in Spanish), was founded on March 23, 1922, several years after the creation of the first schools of public health in the United States of America (USA), ...such as Johns Hopkins in 1916 and those of Harvard, Yale, and Columbia, among others. The Escuela de Salubridad, as the ESPM was initially called, was the first of its kind in Latin America and the fifth in the world; thus, it was responsible for providing the first public health degrees in Mexico to medical health officers and other higher education diplomas in the fields of hygiene and public health. Several years after its own founding, in 1987, the ESPM co-founded the National Institute of Public Health (INSP, in Spanish) which to date continues to be the organization in which the ESPM is housed. Since the ESPM merged with the INSP, research and human resources training have been considered necessary processes for initiating and strengthening structural change in the field of health at the national and regional levels. As part of its centennial, the ESPM is committed to the continued expansion of its future perspective through the restructuring of its academic programs; this is a process in which the instilling of values, a unified curriculum based on public health, a flexible educational model and social commitment are fundamental. Key words: Public Health, Public Health School of Mexico, social equity and education.
Summary Background Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes a subset of oropharyngeal cancers. These cancers disproportionately affect men, are increasing in incidence, and have no proven ...prevention methods. We aimed to establish the natural history of oral HPV infection in men. Methods To estimate incidence and clearance of HPV infections, men residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the USA who were HIV negative and reported no history of anogenital cancer were recruited into the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) cohort study. A subset of the cohort who provided two or more oral rinse-and-gargle samples with valid HPV results and who completed a minimum of 2 weeks of follow-up were included in this analysis. Oral rinse-and-gargle samples and questionnaire data were obtained every 6 months for up to 4 years. Samples were analysed for the presence of oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV infections by the linear array method. Findings 1626 men aged 18–73 years and with a median follow-up of 12·7 months (IQR 12·1–14·7) were included in the analysis. During the first 12 months of follow-up, 4·4% (95% CI 3·5–5·6; n=115 incident infections) of men acquired an incident oral HPV infection, 1·7% (1·2–2·5; n=53 incident infections) an oral oncogenic HPV infection, and 0·6% (0·3–1·1; n=18 incident infections) an oral HPV 16 infection. Acquisition of oral oncogenic HPV was significantly associated with smoking and not being married or cohabiting, but was similar across countries, age groups, and reported sexual behaviours. Median duration of infection was 6·9 months (95 % CI 6·2–9·3; n=45 cleared infections) for any HPV, 6·3 months (6·0–9·9; n=18 cleared infections) for oncogenic HPV, and 7·3 months (6·0–not estimable; n=5 cleared infections) for HPV 16. Eight of the 18 incident oral HPV 16 infections persisted for two or more study visits. Interpretation Newly acquired oral oncogenic HPV infections in healthy men were rare and most were cleared within 1 year. Additional studies into the natural history of HPV are needed to inform development of infection-related prevention efforts. Funding US National Cancer Institute, Merck Sharp & Dohme.
The World Health Organization recommends high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV)-based screening for women 39 to 49 years, based on the greater accuracy of hrHPV-based screening for cervical cancer ...detection. Many cervical cancer screening programs have incorporated hrHPV testing and multiple early cervical cancer detection strategies have been evaluated, mostly under controlled conditions. However, there are few evaluations of combined hrHPV and cytology strategies post-implementation at the population level. Our study sought to estimate the relative yield of hrHPV testing compared to cervical cytology, as a primary screening test for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2+ (CIN2+), used at the population level. We analyzed screening data from Mexico's public cervical cancer prevention program from 2010 to 2015 in women 35 to 64 years. The study population consisted of two cohorts: one from a total of 2 881 962 cytology-based screening tests and another from a total of 2 004 497 hrHPV-based screening tests, which are concurrent in time. We performed a relative yield analysis using Poisson regression models to compare the effectiveness of hrHPV testing for CIN2+ with cervical cytology. A total of 4 886 459 records were analyzed, including 23 999 biopsies; 0.12% (n = 6166) had a CIN2+ histologic diagnosis. hrHPV testing with cytological triage detects twice as many CIN2+ cases as screening using cytology alone.
Case Report: Fatal Rickettsiosis in Pregnancy Ponce Nájera, Eduardo; Lozano Lazcano, Valeria; Ploneda González, César ...
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene,
02/2024, Volume:
110, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a tick-borne infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsii. We present a series of two cases of pregnant patients who showed up at the emergency room of a hospital ...in Nuevo León, Mexico. Both patients lived in environments where R. rickettsii is endemic and they presented with several days of symptoms, including fever. Both patients developed a rash and had stillbirths during their hospital stay. Treatment with doxycycline was delayed, with fatal results in both patients. Diagnosis of RMSF was confirmed via polymerase chain reaction assay postmortem. The need to link epidemiological clues with clinical data is critical in the diagnosis and early treatment of RMSF to prevent maternal deaths.
El 21 de julio de 2023, en un seminario interno de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad, se presentaron los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición ...Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Junto con expertos del más alto nivel, se plantearon recomendaciones con el fin de apoyar la salud de la población mexicana. Dichas recomendaciones giran en torno a las temáticas incluidas en la Ensanut Continua 2022, como vacunación, salud de niños y adolescentes, salud mental y dificultades de funcionamiento y estado de nutrición y enfermedades crónicas en adultos, entre otras. Los logros de este esfuerzo realizado para obtener información de manera continua son cruciales para saber cómo hacer frente a los factores que afectan a nuestra salud y poder tomar mejores decisiones de política pública en esta materia, bajo la premisa de que los problemas públicos requieren ser medidos y monitoreados permanentemente.
•Gastric cancer remains the leading cause of infection-related cancer in 2018.•1222 patients with various gastric pathology were recruited in Latin American•Seropositivity to H. pylori was associated ...with risk of pre-neoplastic lesions.•Grain/cereal intake and egg intake were related to gastric cancer.•Cigarette smoking was associated with risk of being infected by H. pylori.
To evaluate the risk factors associated with pre-neoplastic lesions and gastric cancer in countries with different cancer risk in Latin America.
1222 questionnaires of risk factors related to pre-neoplastic lesions and gastric cancer were obtained from patients from Mexico (N = 559), Colombia (N = 461) and Paraguay (N = 202), who were treated at the gastroenterology or oncology service of participant hospitals. In addition, biopsies specimens to establish histological diagnosis and blood to detect IgG antibodies against Helicobacter-pylori (H. pylori) whole-cell antigens and CagA protein using an ELISA were collected. These consisted of 205 gastric cancer, 379 pre-neoplastic (intestinal metaplasia (IM) / atrophic gastritis) and 638 control (normal /non-atrophic gastritis) cases. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associated with potential risk factors were estimated by polynomial logistic regression model.
Seropositivity to H. pylori was associated with risk of pre-neoplastic lesions, with OR = 1.9 (CI 95% 1.2-2.9; p = 0.006). Grain / cereal intake (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.5 ; p = 0.049) and egg intake (OR = 1.7 95% CI 1.1–2.6 ; p = 0.021) were related to gastric cancer. Among, people who did not developed gastric cancer, smoking more than five cigarette per day had the highest risk of being infected by H. pylori (OR = 1.9; CI 95% 1.1–3.3 ; p = 0.028).
The present study in Latin American countries confirmed that similar environmental factors such as smoking and grain/cereal consumption were associated with H. pylori infection and its induced gastric lesions as reported in other regions where dominant H. pylori strains differ.
Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with increasing rates of HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) in men. Sequential infection from one site to another has been demonstrated at the ...cervix and anus. Thus, risk of an oral HPV infection after a genital infection of the same type in the HPV infection in men study was investigated. Samples from 3140 men enrolled in a longitudinal cohort were assessed for sequential genital to oral infection with one of nine HPV types (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58); and then also sequential, same‐type oral to genital infection. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) compared rates of oral HPV among men with and without prior genital infection of the same type. Risk of sequential HPV infections were assessed using Cox proportional hazards model. Incidence of an oral HPV infection was significantly higher among men with a prior genital infection of the same type for any of the 9 HPV types (IRR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.7‐3.0). Hazard ratio of a sequential genital to oral HPV infection was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.7‐3.1) and 3.5 (95% CI: 1.9‐6.4) for oral to genital infection. Both changed minimally after adjustment for age, country, circumcision, alcohol use, lifetime sexual partners and recent oral sex partners. HPV infections at one site could elevate risk of a subsequent genital or oral HPV infection of the same type in men, emphasizing the importance of vaccination to prevent all HPV infections.
PDF
