The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the addition of red propolis extract (RPE), in different roughage: concentrate (R:C) ratios, influences the intake, digestibility, ruminal ...parameters, and serum biochemistry of sheep. We used eight Santa Inês sheep with an average body weight of 29.45 ± 1.58 kg, housed in metabolism cages for 60 days, and distributed in two simultaneous Latin square designs in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme. The factors consisted of two R:C ratios (70:30 and 30:70) with or without the addition of 15 mL/day of RPE. No interactions were found (
P
> 0.05) between R:C ratios and with or without RPE. Sheep fed 30:70 ratio showed higher (
P
< 0.05) intake and dry matter (DM) digestibility and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lower (
P
< 0.05) intake and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility. The addition of RPE did not influence (
P
> 0.05) the intake or nutrients digestibility, but the sheep that received RPE had a higher (
P
< 0.05) ruminal pH and longer (
P
< 0.05) time of rumination (min/kg DM) compared to the group without propolis. The ruminal ammonia concentration was higher for sheep fed 70:30 ratio, but the concentrations of total protein and albumin did not differ between R:C ratios. The addition of 15 mL of RPE does not influence the intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and rumen ammonical nitrogen of sheep. There is no association between the R:C ratio and the addition of 15 mL/day of RPE for sheep.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with detoxified castor seed meal (DCM) on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, and performance of ...pasture-finished (rainy season) steers supplemented with concentrate at 0.4% of their body weight. Forty ½ Holstein + ½ Zebu steers (initial weight: 283.3 ± 36.3 kg) were allocated to four treatments in a completely randomized experimental design. Treatments consisted of diets in which DCM replaced 0, 30, 60, and 90% of SBM in the supplement dry matter (DM). The steers were finished on an
Urochloa brizantha
pasture and the experiment lasted 112 days. Replacing SBM with DCM did not influence (
P
> 0.05) the intake or apparent digestibility of DM, crude protein, or neutral detergent insoluble fiber of the animals. Grazing time increased (
P
< 005), whereas the intake and rumination efficiencies of the steers did not change (
P
> 0.05) with the substitution. The replacement of SBM with DCM in the supplement fed to the steers also did not influence (
P
> 0.05) their final weight, average daily gain, or feed conversion (
P
> 0.05). We recommend replacing up to 90% (DM basis) of SBM with DCM in the concentrate supplement of steers grazing on
Urochloa brizantha
pasture during rainy season while supplemented with concentrate at 0.4% of their body weight.
Knowledge of the variation in milk composition is essential for determining milk quality, which is defined by several organoleptic properties. This study evaluated the effect of lactation stage and ...calving order on the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of milk from primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were collected monthly from December 2011 to May 2012. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Milk production (PROD), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were significantly higher in multiparous cows, whereas the casein to total protein ratio (C/TP) was significantly higher in primiparous cows. All milk components except for non-fat dry solids (NDE) were significantly affected by lactation stage. Body condition score (BCS) was not affected by calving order or lactation stage. Color was the only sensory attribute affected by calving order. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of milk were affected by calving order and lactation stage.
The aim of this study was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, water balance, and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay associated with a concentrate. ...Thirty-two castrated feedlot Santa Inês lambs at approximately eight months of age, with 22 ± 1.97 kg body weight, were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design. Acid detergent fiber intake increased (P < 0.05), whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates intake decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush in the diet reduced (P < 0.01) the digestibility of dry and organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The intakes of digestible dry and organic matter, ether extract, total carbohydrates, and digestible non-fibrous carbohydrates also decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush did not influence water consumption from the trough by the sheep, averaging 4,327.20 mL/day?1. Body weight at slaughter and daily weight gain decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and feed conversion worsened as old man saltbush hay was added to the diet. Inclusion of old man saltbush at up to 40% replacing the concentrate in feedlot lamb diets does not compromise the performance of these animals.
Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of sheep fed on annatto byproduct Lima Júnior, Dorgival Morais de; Carvalho, Francisco Fernando Ramos de; Batista, Ângela Maria Vieira ...
Semina. Ciências agrárias : revista cultural e científica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina,
10/2016, Volume:
37, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Annatto byproduct is the residue from the extraction of powder dye that covers the seed pericarp; after processing, between 94% and 98% of the original product is considered a byproduct. The aim was ...to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of annatto byproduct on the components of sheep body weight. Thirty-two male sheep, not castrated, with initial weight of 23.17 ± 1.45 kg, without a defined breed, were used in randomized blocks in all four treatments (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg?1 of annatto byproduct in the diet dry matter). The increase to 300 g kg?1 of annatto byproduct had a negative linear effect (P < 0.05) for hot carcass weight (kg) and cold carcass weight (kg). Increasing levels of annatto byproduct resulted in a linear reduction (P < 0.05) for palette weight (kg), leg weight (kg), carcass compactness index (kg cm?1), liver weight (kg) and skin weight (kg). The inclusion of annatto byproduct up to 200 g kg?1 of dry matter in sheep diets did not affect the components of sheep body weight.
Broken rice in feeds for laying Japanese quails Pereira, Adriana Aparecida; Silva, Wanderson Alves da; Lima Júnior, Dorgival Morais de ...
Semina. Ciências agrárias : revista cultural e científica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina,
01/2016, Volume:
37, Issue:
4Supl1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
This study evaluated the effect, on productive performance and on egg quality, of replacing corn with broken rice in the feed of 64-148 day-old Japanese quails. The experiment was conducted in a ...randomized complete block design with five treatments consisting of five inclusion levels of broken rice (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) with eight replicates of eight birds each. No significant differences were observed in productive performance variables across treatments (P > 0.05, all). Regarding egg quality, no significant differences were observed in yolk percentage, specific gravity, or Haugh unit across treatments (P > 0.05 for all parameters). However, yolk color index was negatively affected by dietary rice husk levels (Y = 4.080 - 0.0293X, R² = 98.56%; P < 0.05). Thus, corn can be replaced with up to 100% broken rice in diets for laying Japanese quails without losses in productive performance or egg quality, but corn replacement with broken rice affects yolk color.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of the phytase enzyme in diets formulated with variations in the crude protein content on performance and egg quality of commercial layers. A total ...of 336 commercial layers were housed at eight birds per cage in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with seven replicates. Treatments consisted of four crude-protein levels (17, 15, and 13%) and two enzyme levels (0 and 500 FTU kg-1 diet), distributed in a completely randomized design. Feed intake, egg production, feed conversion per dozen eggs and per kilogram, egg weight and mass, specific gravity, eggshell thickness, and Haugh unit were measured over five 28-day periods. The performance of commercial layers fed the diet containing 13% crude protein worsened, irrespective of phytase addition. However, at 15% crude protein, phytase inclusion did not affect feed conversion or egg weight. Inclusion of phytase leads to equal egg-quality and performance results at the dietary crude protein levels of 17 and 15%. The crude protein content of 13%, with or without phytase, is not recommended for the diet of brown-egg layers.
Abstract Cheese production such as mozzarella is affected by several factors including the processing technology (e.g., cuts, fermentation, curd stretching), as well as quantity and quality of raw ...materials and other ingredients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mozzarella cheese yield and buffalo milk composition, processing factors, and losses of whey constituents using polynomial regression and adjusted R2. All regression coefficients associated with each explanatory variable were significantly different from zero. The models explained an average of 99% of the variation in the dataset. The regression models showed that the concentration of milk components (e.g., fat, protein, casein, lactose, total solids), somatic cell score, age and acidity of the starter culture, time between curd cuts, and percentage of lost whey constituents highly influenced the mozzarella cheese yield. The buffalo dairy industry should focus on rigorous control of milk quality and processing factors to standardize and optimize mozzarella cheese yield efficiency.
Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de amostras de água de poço utilizada na ordenha, além de verificar sua influência na contagem bacteriana total (CBT) do leite obtido em propriedades ...no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Amostras de 1.000 mL de água do poço e da água utilizada na ordenha foram coletadas em recipientes estéreis e realizadas análises de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, pelo método de membrana filtrante. Amostras da água do poço apresentaram valores de 21.250 UFC/100 mL para coliformes totais e 12.269 UFC/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes e as amostras da água da ordenha apresentaram valores de 5.520 UFC/100 mL para coliformes totais e 3.483 UFC/100 mL para coliformes termotolerantes. A detecção de coliformes nas amostras analisadas afetou a qualidade microbiológica do leite avaliada por meio da CBT. Constatou-se que a qualidade microbiológica da água utilizada nas propriedades leiteiras apresenta-se fora do preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde para uso na higienização dos equipamentos e consumo pelos animais e seres humanos, quanto aos padrões de potabilidade.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of crude glycerin supplementation on the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of the muscle of cattle grazing on Urochloa decumbens. ...Thirty-five crossbreed bulls, with an average initial body weight of 428.0 ± 32.11 kg, were supplemented with dry matter corresponding to 1% body weight for 74 days on pasture and distributed to five treatments (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12% low purity glycerin in the total dry matter of the supplement) in a completely randomised design. After 74 days, the animals were slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was sampled and frozen for meat composition analysis. The addition of glycerin did not affect the mean moisture (73.6 ± 0.3%), protein (22.8 ± 0.4%), total lipid (1.1 ± 0.1%) and ash (1.0 ± 0.04%) contents of the animal muscle. However, there was an increasing linear effect (P < 0.05) on the contents of trans-vaccenic acid (increase of 175% in relation to the control) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) (25% increase in relation to the control). We observed an increasing linear pattern in monounsaturated fatty acid levels (39.8 to 44.5%) and a decreasing linear pattern in polyunsaturated fatty acid content (13.5 to 9.5%). The inclusion of crude glycerin promoted a linear decreasing pattern for ?-3 fatty acids. Thus, the inclusion of crude glycerin in the supplement of beef cattle affects the fatty acid composition of the meat. The use of this byproduct promotes desirable changes in the chemical composition of fatty acids, increasing the levels of conjugated linoleic fatty acids (18: 2 c9 t11) and monounsaturated fatty acids.
PDF
