The transmission of monkeypox virus occurs through direct contact, but transmission through saliva or exhaled droplets and aerosols has not yet been investigated. We aimed to assess the presence of ...monkeypox virus DNA and infectious virus in saliva samples and droplets and aerosols exhaled from patients infected with monkeypox virus.
We did a cross-sectional study in patients with monkeypox confirmed by PCR who attended two health centres in Madrid, Spain. For each patient, we collected samples of saliva, exhaled droplets within a mask, and aerosols captured by air filtration through newly developed nanofiber filters. We evaluated the presence of monkeypox virus in the samples by viral DNA detection by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and isolation of infectious viruses in cell cultures.
Between May 18 and July 15, 2022, 44 patients with symptomatic monkeypox attended two health centres in Madrid and were included in the study. All were cisgender men, with a median age of 35·0 years (IQR 11·3). We identified high loads of monkeypox virus DNA by qPCR in 35 (85%) of 41 saliva samples. Infectious monkeypox virus was recovered from 22 (67%) of 33 saliva samples positive for monkeypox virus DNA. We also found a significant association between the number of affected cutaneous areas or general symptoms and the viral load present in saliva samples. Droplets exhaled from patients with monkeypox, detected inside a mask, contained monkeypox virus DNA in 32 (71%) of 45 samples, with two of the 32 positive samples showing the presence of the infectious virus. Monkeypox virus DNA in aerosols, collected from the medical consultation room, were detected in 27 (64%) of 42 samples, despite patients wearing an FFP2 mask during the visit. Infectious virus was not recovered from aerosol samples. High levels of monkeypox virus DNA were identified in aerosols collected from a hospital isolation room housing a patient with monkeypox.
The identification of high viable monkeypox virus loads in saliva in most patients with monkeypox and the finding of monkeypox virus DNA in droplets and aerosols warrants further epidemiological studies to evaluate the potential relevance of the respiratory route of infection in the 2022 monkeypox virus outbreak.
EU, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Ciberinfec.
El objetivo principal de esta Tesis Doctoral es desarrollar nanocompuestos de LDPE/arcilla mediante mezclado en fundido con mejoras en propiedades mecánicas, térmicas y de barrera a gases o aromas ...que permitan incrementar las posibilidades de aplicación del polietileno en diversos sectores. Para ello se han empleado filosilicatos laminares (arcillas) de distinta naturaleza: de tipo caolinítico y de tipo montmorillonítico.La investigación llevada a cabo se ha dividido en diferentes fases con el objetivo de evaluar la influencia del tipo de arcilla, la interacción compatibilizador-arcilla, el efecto del método utilizado para añadir la arcilla (adición directa de arcilla modificada o no modificada en forma de polvo, y adición de arcilla en forma de masterbatch) y la influencia del equipo de mezclado utilizado (mezclador interno o extrusora de doble husillo) sobre el grado de mejora en las propiedades finales del material con un bajo contenido de arcilla.En este trabajo se ha obtenido una ruta mediante la cual es posible conseguir un balance óptimo entre la morfología, las propiedades finales y el coste final del producto. Los buenos resultados obtenidos han sido posible gracias al procedimiento desarrollo para preparar un nuevo masterbatch, del cual se ha obtenido una patente.
PDF
