Barne Produktu Gordinaren (BPG) eta hazkunde ekonomikoaren kritikak hamarkadak ditu,
baina oraindik ere ideia oker asko daude BPGren hazkundearen, giza ongizatearen eta
gizarte-aurrerapenaren arteko ...ustezko loturei buruz. Hasteko, artikuluan, hazkunde
ekonomikoa, alde batetik, eta giza garapena, bestetik, teorikoki zein enpirikoki, alderatzen
dira. Jarraian, argudiatzen da hazkunde ekonomikoa ez dela, askotan uste den bezala,
gizarte-politika babesteko funtsezko elementua. Azkenik, erakusten du mundu osoan
dagoeneko martxan dagoen ongizatearen trantsizioak, BPGaz eta hazkundeaz haraindi,
sozioekologiko gisa sailka daitezkeen hiru politiken forma har dezakeela.
The criticism of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and economic growth is now decades old
but many misconceptions remain about the alleged linkages between GDP growth, human
well-being and social progress. This article starts by contrasting economic growth on the
one hand and human development on the other, theoretically and empirically. It then argues
that economic growth is actually not central to supporting social policy as often believed.
Finally, it shows that the well-being transition beyond GDP and growth, already under
way around the world, can take the form of three social-ecological policies.
La crítica al Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) y al crecimiento económico tiene ya décadas de antigüedad,
pero siguen existiendo muchas ideas erróneas sobre los supuestos vínculos entre el
crecimiento del PIB, el bienestar humano y el progreso social. Este artículo comienza contrastando
el crecimiento económico, por un lado, y el desarrollo humano, por otro, tanto teórica
como empíricamente. A continuación, argumenta que el crecimiento económico no es en realidad
un elemento central para apoyar la política social, como a menudo se cree. Por último,
muestra que la transición del bienestar más allá del PIB y el crecimiento, puesta ya en marcha
en todo el mundo, puede adoptar la forma de tres políticas que podrían clasificarse como socioecológicas.
This paper surveys pressing issues facing current and future social policies in the European Union (EU) at the juncture of social justice demands and environmental concerns. European policy-makers ...have in fact only recently acknowledged the notions of environmental justice and environmental inequalities, which have been part of the US policy arsenal for almost two decades. Yet, challenges to equality and fairness in the environmental domain are many and growing within the European Union. After having defined environmental justice and environmental inequalities in the European context, the paper addresses two contemporary dimensions of those challenges for EU social policies: vulnerability and exposure to environmental disaster and risk; and fairness in environmental taxation and the related issue of fuel poverty.
► Issues within the European Union (EU) at the juncture of social justice demands and environmental concerns. ► Definition of environmental justice and environmental inequalities in the European context. ► Focus on vulnerability and exposure to environmental disaster and risk. ► Focus on fairness in environmental taxation, including fuel poverty.
Purpose of Review
This paper presents an analytical review of recent research on social inequality caused or compounded by ambient air pollution in the European Union.
Recent Findings
While empirical ...studies have developed significantly both in the academic and institutional arena, they have largely focused on only one aspect: the exposure and sensitivity of individuals and groups to air pollution according to various criteria, documenting substantial and overlapping inequality.
Summary
While EU policy should better address this proven impact inequality, research is also needed on new fronts of air (ine)quality (namely mental health impact and indoor air quality) as well as other types of ambient air inequality (such as inequality in responsibility and impact of air pollution mitigation policy).
Introduction
Postmortem computed tomography can easily demonstrate gas collections after diving accidents. Thus, it is often used to support the diagnosis of air embolism secondary to barotrauma. ...However, many other phenomenons (putrefaction, resuscitation maneuvers, and postmortem tissue offgassing) can also cause postmortem gas effusions and lead to a wrong diagnosis of barotrauma.
Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine topography and time of onset of postmortem gas collections respectively due to putrefaction, resuscitation maneuvers, and tissue offgassing.
Materials and methods
A controlled experimental study was conducted on nine pigs. Three groups of three pigs were studied postmortem by CT from H0 to H24: one control group of nonresuscitated nondivers, one group of divers exposed premortem to an absolute maximal pressure of 5 b for 16 min followed by decompression procedures, and one group of nondivers resuscitated by manual ventilation and thoracic compression for 20 min. The study of intravascular gas was conducted using CT scan and correlated with the results of the autopsy.
Results
The CT scan reveals that, starting 3 h after death, a substantial amount of gas is observed in the venous and arterial systems in the group of divers. Arterial gas appears 24 h after death for the resuscitated group and is absent for the first 24 h for the control group. Concerning the putrefaction gas, this provokes intravenous and portal gas collections starting 6 h after death. Subcutaneous emphysema was observed in two of the three animals from the resuscitated group, corresponding to the thoracic compression areas.
Conclusion
In fatal scuba diving accidents, offgassing appears early (starting from the first hour after death) in the venous system then spreads to the arterial system after about 3 h. The presence of intra-arterial gas is therefore not specific to barotrauma. To affirm a death by barotrauma followed by a gas embolism, a postmortem scanner should be conducted very early. Subcutaneous emphysema should not be mistaken as diagnostic criteria of barotrauma because it can be caused by the resuscitation maneuvers.
While ecological crises are worsening before our eyes, existing models and frameworks do not connect clearly enough the degradation of natural systems to the differentiated responsibility and ...vulnerability of human groups. This article attempts to articulate human well-being and the preservation of the Biosphere, using a social-approach highlighting two critical nodes: the essential link between the health of ecosystems and the health of humans; the reciprocal relation between justice and sustainability.
Despite advances in the understanding of anterior shoulder instability, recurrence rates after arthroscopic and open surgery have been reported to be as high as 30%. A successful operative outcome ...for patients with anterior shoulder instability requires the surgeon to perform a complete preoperative evaluation based on a thorough physical examination and advanced imaging techniques. In addition to the Bankart lesion, the treating surgeon must be aware of other copathologies, such as bony lesions of the glenoid or humeral head, humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament, and articular cartilage defects that can occur in concert with capsular pathology and may necessitate a change in surgical strategy. This article focuses specifically on the osseous, labroligamentous, cartilage, and rotator cuff lesions demonstrated on preoperative imaging that are important to recognize in the preoperative work-up to optimize surgical outcomes for anterior instability.
RésuméPour sortir du piège de l’austérité, il faut cesser d’opposer l’économique et le social et considérer les politiques sociales comme un investissement dans le capital humain. L’éducation des ...enfants, l’accompagnement des jeunes et l’émancipation des femmes devraient être les priorités pour préparer l’avenir.
•Critical commentary of the 2021 Global Health Summit’s Rome Declaration provided.•Health-environment framework proposed placing human and natural well-being at its core.•A paradigm shift from ...‘cost-benefit’ to ‘co-benefits’ is called for.•Six (6) key pathways proposed for societal transition towards sustainability.
We offer here a brief commentary of the Rome Declaration (May 21, 2021) in light of a recent Report on the Health-Environment Nexus released by the Wellbeing Economy Alliance (WEALL). Although the Rome Declaration promotes at the highest level a new health philosophy, we argue this vision is still incomplete as it fails to include a constructive criticism of current growth-driven economic systems. To add to the Declaration’s principles, we offer a holistic health-environment framework and six (6) key pathways to place human and natural well-being – rather than continuous growth in production and consumption – at the heart of our development model. We call for the urgent need to recognize the health-environment nexus as the core of planetary health and thus evolve – in our societal transition towards sustainability – from usual cost-benefit analyses to the recognition of ‘co-benefits’ among health, the environment, and the economy.
Dans un ouvrage de 1958 qui, pour la première fois, définit et précise la notion de politique sociale, le sociologue anglais Richard Titmuss écrit : « Nous n'avons pas de politique publique à l'égard ...du temps qu'il fait parce que, jusqu'à nouvel ordre, nous ne pouvons rien au temps qu'il fait 1. » Les temps ont changé. Nous pouvons désormais quelque chose aux tempêtes, aux sécheresses, aux inondations qui affectent et parfois ravagent les communautés humaines sur la planète du fait du changement climatique dont nous sommes responsables. L'Anthropocène est, au sens géologique comme au sens météorologique, l'ère du temps que nous faisons. Mais nous pouvons également quelque chose aux conséquences sociales, hélas colossales et appelées à grandir encore au cours des prochaines décennies, de ce que nous avons mis en mouvement au milieu du XIXe siècle, en Europe avec les premières émissions massives de gaz à effet de serre (GES) d'origine humaine dans les faubourgs de Londres.
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