In a randomized trial of imaging-guided or angiography-guided PCI for complex coronary lesion revascularization procedures, imaging-guided PCI led to a lower risk of target-vessel failure than ...angiography-guided PCI.
Construction safety is a national and worldwide issue. This paper contributes in solving this problem by applying automated safety rule checking to Building Information Models (BIM). Algorithms that ...automatically analyze a building model to detect safety hazards and suggest preventive measures to users are developed for different cases involving fall related hazards. As BIM is changing the way construction can be approached, the presented work and case studies extend BIM to include automated hazard identification and correction during construction planning and in certain cases, during design. A rule-based engine that utilizes this framework is implemented on top of a commercially available BIM platform to show the feasibility of the approach. As a result, the developed automated safety checking platform informs construction engineers and managers by reporting, why, where, when, and what safety measures are needed for preventing fall-related accidents before construction starts. The safety area reviewed is fall protection. An example case study of such a system is also provided.
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► Construction safety remains a national and world-wide issue. ► Rule-based engine detects safety hazards and suggests preventive measures to users. ► Algorithms for automated safety rule checking in Building Information Models (BIM). ► Different case studies involving fall related hazards are presented. ► Results show why, where, when, what safety measures are needed in constr. planning.
Building circulation is one of the crucial design factors associated with spatial planning, especially in the early phases of building design and has a significant impact on the overall design ...quality. In this paper, we describe the development of an evaluation framework for design analysis that focuses on the Walkability of building circulation in a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment as a consideration for simplifying complex design problems. The evaluation framework emphasizes a quantitative, explicit approach utilizing the Indoor Walkability Index (IWI), which is a measure of indoor circulation performance that includes criteria such as distance, simplicity, accessibility, and pedestrian-friendly circulation. Contrary to explicitly defined building standards such as 'shorter than 20 meters walking distances', other aspects of building circulation are frequently illustrated as implicit factors, such as 'convenient access', which seem to require domain-specific knowledge, rather than a simple calculation. The IWI defined in this paper has an open objective to address these types of circulation issues by using computational and quantitative data derived from given BIM models. In the long method of handling design knowledge issues by computation, the IWI employs rich building information to analyze and find better design alternatives as a decision-support tool. This paper illustrates an overall approach to such building circulation issues with a software demonstration and open-ended sub-algorithms, along with a growing number of BIM applications. To demonstrate the utility of the IWI, an actual building remodeling project was used as a test model, and IWI analysis was performed for various design alternatives. Directions for further improvement of the framework are also discussed.
A potent P2Y12 inhibitor-based dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended for up to 1 year in patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The greatest ...benefit of the potent agent is during the early phase, whereas the risk of excess bleeding continues in the chronic maintenance phase. Therefore, de-escalation of antiplatelet therapy might achieve an optimal balance between ischaemia and bleeding. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of a prasugrel-based dose de-escalation therapy.
HOST-REDUCE-POLYTECH-ACS is a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority trial done at 35 hospitals in South Korea. We enrolled patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving PCI. Patients meeting the core indication for prasugrel were randomly assigned (1:1) to the de-escalation group or conventional group using a web-based randomisation system. The assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. After 1 month of treatment with 10 mg prasugrel plus 100 mg aspirin daily, the de-escalation group received 5 mg prasugrel, while the conventional group continued to receive 10 mg. The primary endpoint was net adverse clinical events (all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, repeat revascularisation, stroke, and bleeding events of grade 2 or higher according to Bleeding Academic Research Consortium BARC criteria) at 1 year. The absolute non-inferiority margin for the primary endpoint was 2·5%. The key secondary endpoints were efficacy outcomes (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and ischaemic stroke) and safety outcomes (bleeding events of BARC grade ≥2). The primary analysis was in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02193971.
From Sept 30, 2014, to Dec 18, 2018, 3429 patients were screened, of whom 1075 patients did not meet the core indication for prasugrel and 16 were excluded due to randomisation error. 2338 patients were randomly assigned to the de-escalation group (n=1170) or the conventional group (n=1168). The primary endpoint occurred in 82 patients (Kaplan-Meier estimate 7·2%) in the de-escalation group and 116 patients (10·1%) in the conventional group (absolute risk difference −2·9%, pnon-inferiority<0·0001; hazard ratio 0·70 95% CI 0·52–0·92, pequivalence=0·012). There was no increase in ischaemic risk in the de-escalation group compared with the conventional group (0·76 0·40–1·45; p=0·40), and the risk of bleeding events was significantly decreased (0·48 0·32–0·73; p=0·0007).
In east Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome patients receiving PCI, a prasugrel-based dose de-escalation strategy from 1 month after PCI reduced the risk of net clinical outcomes up to 1 year, mainly driven by a reduction in bleeding without an increase in ischaemia.
Daiichi Sankyo, Boston Scientific, Terumo, Biotronik, Qualitech Korea, and Dio.
Background
Silkworm pupa (SWP) food anaphylaxis has been described frequently in Asian countries. However, false‐positive reactions by skin pricks and serum IgE (sIgE) tests to the extract complicate ...diagnosis, requiring identification of clinically relevant major allergens.
Objectives
In this study, we characterized a novel SWP allergen, Bomb m 4, a 30‐kDa lipoprotein, and evaluated its diagnostic sensitivity.
Methods
Bomb m 4 was identified by a proteomic analysis. This recombinant (r)Bomb m 4 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the IgE reactivity by ELISA was compared with other reported allergenic proteins: Bomb m 1 (arginine kinase), 27‐kDa glycoprotein, Bomb m 3 (tropomyosin) using the serum samples from 17 SWP allergic patients and 11 asymptomatic sensitized subjects.
Results
rBomb m 4‐specific IgE was recognized by all 17 SWP allergic patients. The 27‐kDa glycoprotein and Bomb m 1 sIgE were found in 35.3% and 0%, respectively, in the SWP allergic patients. ELISA sIgE reactivity increased significantly, when 4 M urea was added in serum samples. However, only 16% inhibition of sIgE reactivity to the whole SWP extract was exhibited by rBomb m 4, whereas more than 93% of self‐inhibition of rBomb m 4 sIgE was obtained, possibly due to the low abundance of Bomb m 4 in the extract. Three linear epitopes (81–95, 191–205 and 224–238 residues) of rBomb m 4 were identified. These epitopes are shown to be released by pepsin digestion. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis showed the highest diagnostic value of Bomb m 4 followed by Bomb m 1, 27‐kDa glycoprotein and Bomb m 3.
Conclusion
Bomb m 4 is the major allergen of SWP allergic patients. It has cryptic epitopes which are exposed to IgE antibodies with digestive enzymes. This recombinant Bomb m 4 allergen permits exact diagnosis of SWP allergy.
Silkworm pupa is an important cause of food anaphylaxis in Asian countries. The newly identified allergen, a 30‐kDa lipoprotein (Bmlp6) has cryptic epitopes. Three linear epitopes, which is hidden in native sate, were exposed after urea or pepsin treatment. Its recombinant protein showed highest diagnostic value compared to previously described silkworm allergens.
The importance of an embedded wearable device with automatic detection and alarming cannot be overstated, given that 15-30% of patients with atrial fibrillation are reported to be asymptomatic. These ...asymptomatic patients do not seek medical care, hence traditional diagnostic tools including Holter are not effective for the further prevention of associated stroke or heart failure. This is likely to be more so in the era of COVID-19, in which patients become more reluctant on hospitalization and checkups. However, little literature is available on this important topic. For this reason, this study developed efficient deep learning with model compression, which is designed to use ECG data and classify arrhythmia in an embedded wearable device. ECG-signal data came from Korea University Anam Hospital in Seoul, Korea, with 28,308 unique patients (15,412 normal and 12,896 arrhythmia). Resnets and Mobilenets with model compression (TensorFlow Lite) were applied and compared for the diagnosis of arrhythmia in an embedded wearable device. The weight size of the compressed model registered a remarkable decrease from 743 MB to 76 KB (1/10000), whereas its performance was almost the same as its original counterpart. Resnet and Mobilenet were similar in terms of accuracy, i.e., Resnet-50 Hz (97.3) vs. Mo-bilenet-50 Hz (97.2), Resnet-100 Hz (98.2) vs. Mobilenet-100 Hz (97.9). Here, 50 Hz/100 Hz denotes the down-sampling rate. However, Resnets took more flash memory and longer inference time than did Mobilenets. In conclusion, Mobilenet would be a more efficient model than Resnet to classify arrhythmia in an embedded wearable device.
In this paper, we describe an approach to translating the written content of the Korean Building Act into a computer-executable format for the purpose of evaluating building permit requirements. ...Among the various applications of building information modeling (BIM), we focus on automated design assessment and its rule-making process, which has been performed by both architects and software developers. Compared to the conventional rule-making approach, which is integrated with rule-checking software, our suggested mechanism (KBimLogic) of converting rule sentences from the Korean Building Act into computer-executable code (KBimCode) is a software-independent approach that separates the rule-making and rule-checking processes. We use the rule-making approach to translate the Korean Building Act into an explicit code that focuses on building permit requirements.
Building permit-related regulations are defined in the Korean Building Act, but some of the sentences are ambiguous, and some implicit definitions hinder translation into an explicitly defined computer-executable form. Some building permit-related requirements vary by building type, administrative district, permitted date, and as-built date; thus, it is critical to design computable rules independent of specific proprietary software. The building permit system in Korea changes (as it does in other countries), making it critical that code compliance rules be kept up-to-date. Our work is motivated by such fundamentals and suggests a logic rule-based mechanism for use by non-programmers and a user-friendly approach to the rule-making process.
The scope and major components of our research are as follows: (1) noun phrases classify building objects and associated properties from the Korean Building Act; (2) verb phrases derive high-level methods to construct the actual rule-checking body; and (3) the logic rule-based mechanism processes natural language sentences. In the actual implementation for translation, this approach has been demonstrated by each database and a GUI-based application named KBimLogic, for generating KBimCode. The KBimCode, which contains a set of specific building permit requirements translated from sentences, can be imported into our code-checking software (KBimAssess) using a specific file format.
•Introducing logic rule-based mechanism for translating Korean Building Act into a computable format.•Developing meta-database and application (KBimLogic) according to logical mechanism.•Demonstrating KBimLogic and KBimCode for verifying Building Act compliance.
To prevent spread of infection and antibiotic resistance, fast and accurate diagnosis of bacterial infection and subsequent administration of antimicrobial agents are important. However, conventional ...methods for bacterial detection and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) require more than two days, leading to delays that have contributed to an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Here, we report an aptamer-functionalized capacitance sensor array that can monitor bacterial growth and antibiotic susceptibility in real-time. While E. coli and S. aureus were cultured, the capacitance increased over time, and apparent bacterial growth curves were observed even when 10 CFU/mL bacteria was inoculated. Furthermore, because of the selectivity of aptamers, bacteria could be identified within 1h using the capacitance sensor array functionalized with aptamers. In addition to bacterial growth, antibiotic susceptibility could be monitored in real-time. When bacteria were treated with antibiotics above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the capacitance decreased because the bacterial growth was inhibited. These results demonstrate that the aptamer-functionalized capacitance sensor array might be applied for rapid ASTs.
•Aptamer-functionalized capacitance sensor is developed to monitor AST in real-time.•Apparent bacterial growth curves are obtained within 6 h even for 10 CFU/ml.•Aptamer-functionalized capacitance sensor could identify bacterial growth within 1 h.
During the design and construction phases of building projects, domain experts iteratively exchange building information models. One of their goals is to ensure that the requirements and objectives ...of a proposed project are satisfied. In addition, most building information modeling software currently implements heterogeneous mapping processes in their IFC interfaces that bind their native models to the IFC format. However, such exchanges frequently do not realize intended geometric transformations, project requirements, and required syntactic and semantic conditions in building model data, exacerbating the problem of model integrity and resulting in expensive changes during the construction and operation phases. These problematic issues have been addressed by the development of solid frameworks for validating a building design. This paper surveys six currently available applications for validating building design data and identifies their strengths and weaknesses: The Express Engine's EXPRESSO, the JDSAI™, the EXPRESS Data Manager™, the IFC server ActiveX Component, the IfcDoc, and the Solibri Model Checker®. We also structured the validation processes into three types of tasks: 1) a syntax check of the assurance of compliance with the IFC schema defined by the EXPRESS language, 2) semantic and syntactic assessment in terms of conformity to model view definitions, which consist of concept modularizations, and 3) the validation of design programming requirements that evaluates regulations, project criteria, owner requirements, and functional performance. The purpose of this survey, based on available software that supports the validation of building model data for these three types of interoperability issues, is to integrate diverse checking approaches, as a basis for improving what are now widely distributed efforts.
•An explicit frame of an interoperability issue of BIM data•Approaches to resolving existing problems in BIM data exchanges•Three types of validation mechanisms for ensuing the interoperability of BIM•A survey for six disparate validation applications that address parts of a problem•Assessment and discussion of proposed validation approaches using a case study
This paper describes an approach for identifying and appending interior design style information stochastically with reference images and a deep-learning model. In the field of interior design, ...design style is a useful concept and has played an important role in helping people understand and communicate interior design. Previous studies have focused on how the interior design style categories can be defined. On the other hand, this paper focuses on how stochastically recognizing the design style of given interior design reference images using a deep learning-based data-driven approach. The proposed method can be summarized as follows: (1) data preparation based on a general design style definition, (2) implementing an interior design style recognition model using a pre-trained VGG16 model, (3) training and evaluating the trained model, and (4) demonstration of stochastic detection of interior design styles for reference images. The result shows that the trained model automatically recognizes the design styles of given interior images with probability values. The recognition results, model, and trained image set contribute to facilitating the management and utilization of an interior design references database.
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