Periodontal disease is mainly associated with the activity of bacteria which adhere to the tooth surface and form specific structure of bacterial biofilm. Periodontal bacteria cause inflammation of ...the gums and aggressive immune response, affecting the periodontium. The first phase of initial therapy - mechanical removal of dental plaque and calculus - is necessary. If this non-surgical therapy has proved to be unsuccessful, an alternative treatment with antimicrobial agents is then considered. Pharmacotherapy is based on systemic or local antibiotics and/or antiseptics, which are applied according to the severity of the disease. A number of recent periodontal studies present some of the pharmacological agents, that are directed against bacteria or a host immune response, are often chosen as an adjunct treatment option, but none of these antimicrobials were established as ‘a gold standard’ in the periodontal treatment. This review provides some present recommendation of pharmacological strategies, with particular emphasis on systemic and local antimicrobial therapy of periodontal disease.
Nano and micro reinforced glass fibre-polymer composites have been manufactured to investigate different effect such as filler type, filler size and matrix materials on the particle emission during ...low velocity impact test. Nano and micro- silica, as well as nanoclay reinforced crash cones were prepared with a two step extrusion process and final injection moulding of the structures. The addition of secondary filler into the glass-fibre reinforced polymer composites had significant influence on the mechanical behaviour of the material as well as on the particle emission. In general, nano and ultrafine airborne particles were emitted from all investigated materials. However, composite filled with nanoclay emitted higher amounts of particles than those filled with nano and microsilica. One reason for the increase of particle emission of the nanoclay filled composites was the change of the failure behaviour of the matrix. However, similar results of particle emission were obtained for both nano and microsilica fillers, which in general did not vary significantly from the results obtained from traditionally reinforced glass fibres polymer composites.
Abstract Introduction Prospective memory (PM) refers to memory for future intentions and it is essential for safe and independent living. This paper focuses on Virtual Week (VW), a measure that was ...developed to closely represent everyday PM tasks in an English language setting in North America and Australia. Objectives The main objective of the present study is to offer the results of a Polish adaptation of VW and present the validity and psychometric properties of the adapted version. Method The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficients and Cronbach's alphas were estimated in 77 young adults and 83 healthy older adults. To confirm the validity of the Polish VW, we analyzed whether it is sensitive to the pattern of PM deficits in the healthy elderly that is consistent with mechanisms underlying PM performance as well as theories of normal aging. Results The Polish VW was found to have strong psychometric properties and be sensitive to theory- and data-based effects on PM. Conclusion The findings strongly encourage the use of VW for experimental purposes in healthy older adults. They provide further evidence that VW has a universal appeal and may be used in non-English speaking European samples.
Fabrication of polypropylene or polyamide-6/montmorillonite nanocomposites in a laboratory- and industrial-scale by melt processing has been described. Depending on the fabrication scale, different ...technological problems were observed that need to be taken into account during production of PP and PA-6-based nanocomposites with MMT which constitute a promising class of modern materials for engineering and packaging applications. Fabrication of PP and PA-6 nanocomposites with montmorillonite both on laboratory and industrial scale needs to be optimized in terms of processing conditions that include pre-mixing parameters, feeding rate, temperature of the barrel zone and extrusion die, screw speed and head pressure. Proper cleaning procedures need to be applied and the selection of the 'main' fraction enables to get nanostructured materials with enhanced properties.
Summary
Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is a key cytokine featuring redundancy and pleiotropic activity. It plays a central role in host defence against environmental stress such as infection and injury. ...Dysregulated, persistent interleukin (IL)‐6 production has been implicated in the development of various autoimmune, chronic inflammatory diseases and even cancers. Significant elevation of IL‐6 has been found in ocular fluids derived from refractory/chronic uveitis patients. In experimental autoimmune uveitis models with IL‐6 knock‐out mice, IL‐6 has shown to be essential for inducing inflammation. IL‐6 blockade can suppress acute T helper type 17 (Th17) responses via its differentiation and, importantly, can ameliorate chronic inflammation. Tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti‐IL‐6 receptor antibody, has been shown to be effective in several autoimmune diseases, including uveitis. Herein, we discuss the basic biology of IL‐6 and its role in development of autoimmune conditions, focusing particularly on non‐infectious uveitis. It also provides an overview of efficacy and safety of tocilizumab therapy for ocular inflammatory diseases.
One of the most critical functions of adipose tissue is the production of adipokines, ie, numerous active substances that regulate metabolism. One is the newly discovered FAM19A5, whose older name is ...TAFA-5.
The study aimed to review the literature on the FAM19A5 protein.
The review was conducted in December 2023 using the PubMed (Medline) search engine. Sixty-four papers were included in the review.
This protein exhibits the characteristics of an adipokine with positive features for maintaining homeostasis. The results showed that FAM19A5 was highly expressed in adipose tissue, with mild to moderate expression in the brain and ovary. FAM19A5 may also inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration through the perivascular adipose tissue paracrine pathway. Serum levels of FAM19A5 were decreased in obese children compared with healthy controls. There are negative correlations between FAM19A5, body mass index, and fasting insulin. Serum FAM19A5 level is correlated with type 2 diabetes, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, glutamic pyruvic transferase, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and mean shoulder pulse wave velocity. FAM19A5 expression was reduced in mice with obesity. However, the data available needs to be clarified or contradictory.
Considering today's knowledge about FAM19A5, we cannot consider this protein as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. According to current knowledge, FAM19A5 cannot be considered a marker of metabolic disorders because the results of studies conducted in this area are unclear.
The present white paper is submitted as part of the “Snowmass” process to help inform the long-term plans of the United States Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation for high-energy ...physics. It summarizes the science questions driving the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray (UHECR) community and provides recommendations on the strategy to answer them in the next two decades.
Epidermolytic Ichthyosis in a Neonate Pan, Sharon; Leszczynska, Maria A.; Parekh, Palak ...
The Journal of pediatrics,
December 2023, 2023-12-00, 20231201, Volume:
263
Journal Article
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