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•Respiratory capacity of granules depends on pore volume, not size.•Large bubbles create granular respiration under fluctuated pressure.•Tiny bubbles cause gas embolism in capillaries ...under pressure.
Anaerobic granular sludge plays a pivotal role in the treatment of concentrated organic wastewater. However, previous studies on intra- granular transport have generally overlooked lung-like respiration that expedites transport in response to fluctuating pressure. This study explored the activities of calcified and normal granules under simulated hydrostatic pressure oscillations. The results revealed a significant enhancement in the bioactivity of calcified granules under oscillating pressure, contrasting with the comparatively lower bioactivity observed in normal granules. The hypothesis posited that the gas pockets in calcified granules facilitated respiration as the functional structure. The presence of tiny bubbles exhibited a propensity for inducing clogging, thereby diminishing the capillary connectivity essential for substrate diffusion. The proposed respiration and embolization concepts decipher the distinct roles of entrapped bubbles in the granular bioactivity across diverse fluid states. This study offers valuable insights into the impact of fluidization on microscopic transport within granule-based bed reactors.
Summary
Leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. It has been previously reported that SEMI‐ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating ...the formation of bulliform cells in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying SRL1 has yet to be further elucidated. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf‐rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects. Map‐based cloning revealed that CLD1 is allelic with SRL1, and loses function in cld1 through DNA methylation. CLD1/SRL1 encodes a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored membrane protein that modulates leaf rolling and other aspects of rice growth and development. The cld1 mutant exhibits significant decreases in cellulose and lignin contents in secondary cell walls of leaves, indicating that the loss of function of CLD1/SRL1 affects cell wall formation. Furthermore, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function leads to defective leaf epidermis such as bulliform‐like epidermal cells. The defects in leaf epidermis decrease the water‐retaining capacity and lead to water deficits in cld1 leaves, which contribute to the main cause of leaf rolling. As a result of the more rapid water loss and lower water content in leaves, cld1 exhibits reduced drought tolerance. Accordingly, the loss of CLD1/SRL1 function causes abnormal expression of genes and proteins associated with cell wall formation, cuticle development and water stress. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional roles of CLD1/SRL1 in leaf‐rolling regulation are closely related to the maintenance of cell wall formation, epidermal integrity and water homeostasis.
Significance Statement
CLD1/SRL1 encodes a GPI‐anchored protein that modulates leaf rolling and other aspects of rice growth and development. The functional roles of CLD1/SRL1 in leaf rolling regulation are closely related to the maintenance of cell wall formation, epidermal integrity and water homeostasis.
A novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of diverse quinazolinone oximes via direct electrooxidation of primary amines/C(sp2)–H functionalization of oximes has been ...developed. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell under constant current conditions and is oxidant-free, open-air, and eco-friendly. Notably, the protocol shows good functional group tolerance, providing versatile quinazolinone oximes in good yields. Moreover, the mechanism is investigated through control experiments and cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments.
Two new norlignans together with two known phenylpropanoids were isolated from the whole herb of Anemone vitifolia. All compounds were reported from this plant for the first time. The structures of ...these compounds were identified by comprehensive HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis and comparison with literature data. Additionally, bioactivity study results showed that two new compounds have potential anti‐inflammatory activity. The plausible biosynthetic pathway for these compounds were also speculated in this article.
As a global phenomenon, mobile phone addiction has become an increasingly common issue among Chinese university students. Although previous research explored the link between mobile phone addiction ...and mental health, the possible mechanism underlying the above association is unclear. We administered a cross-sectional survey to 585 participants from two universities in Kunming, southwest China, from October 2021 to January 2022. Our results suggested that mobile phone addiction was negatively associated with mental health, and sleep quality partially mediated the relationship between mobile phone addiction and mental health. Furthermore, perceived social support positively moderated the direct effect of sleep quality on mental health, as well as the indirect effect of mobile phone addiction on mental health. These findings provide a new insight into the underlying mechanism by which mobile phone addiction affects university students’ mental health. The results emphasize a necessary task for administrators, health workers, and family members to attach importance to the overuse of mobile phones among university students.
Nine pairs of undescribed enantiomers, (±)-styraxoids A−I (1–9), were isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis, and their structures were assigned by spectroscopic and computational methods. ...Compounds (±)-1 are a pair of degraded lignans, and the remaining compounds (±)-(2–9) are phenylpropanoid skeletons. Compounds (±)-8 and (±)-9 feature a 1,3-dioxolane moiety. The biological evaluation showed that both enantiomers of 1 could inhibit LPS-induced INOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Nine pairs of undescribed enantiomers, (±)-styraxoids A−I (1–9), were isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hart, and the biological evaluation showed that both enantiomers of 1 could inhibit LPS-induced INOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Display omitted
•Nine pairs of undescribed enantiomers, (±)-styraxoids A−I (1–9), were isolated from the resin of Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hart.•Characterization of all new metabolites by using spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculations.•The enantiomers of 1 could inhibited the expressions of iNOS dose-dependently.
Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is defined as pain or discomfort originating from the waist, which lasts for at least 12 weeks, but no radiculopathy or specific spinal diseases. CNLBP is a ...complicated medical problem and places a huge burden on healthcare systems. Clinical manifestation of CNLBP includes discogenic LBP, zygapophyseal joint pain, sacroiliac joint pain, and lumbar muscle strain. Further evaluation should be completed to confirm the diagnosis including auxiliary examination, functional assessment, and clinical assessment. The principle of the management is to relieve pain, restore function, and avoid recurrence. Treatment includes conservative treatment, minimally invasive treatment, and rehabilitation. Pharmacologic therapy is the first-line treatment of nonspecific LBP, and it is most widely used in clinical practice. Interventional therapy should be considered only after failure of medication and physical therapy. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation can improve physical function and alleviate short-term and long-term pain. The emphasis should be put on the prevention of NLBP and reducing relevant risk factors.
A visible-light-catalyzed synthesis of indol-3-yl aryl ketones from aryldiazonium salts, CO and indoles at room temperature was developed. This process provides a useful method for the preparation of ...diverse indol-3-yl aryl ketones from readily accessible reactants under base-free, acid-free and transition-metalfree conditions.
A biosynthetic gene cluster for chevalone E (1) and its oxidized derivatives have been identified within the genome of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus versicolor 0312, by a mining strategy ...targeting a polyketide-diterpenoid hybrid molecule. The biosynthetic pathway has been successfully reconstituted in the heterologous fungus Aspergillus oryzae. Interestingly, two P450 monooxygenases, Cle2 and Cle4, were found to transform 1 into seven new analogues including 7 and 8 that possess a unique five-membered lactone ring. Furthermore, the replacement of the terpene cyclase gene with that from another fungus led to the production of sartorypyrone D (11), which has a monocyclic terpenoid moiety. Finally, some of the compounds obtained in this study synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) in breast cancer cells.
Background. Osteoporosis is an important health problem worldwide. Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (LDD) and its main ingredients may have a good clinical effect on osteoporosis. Meanwhile, its mechanism ...for treating osteoporosis needs to be further revealed in order to provide a basis for future drug development. Methods. A systematic biological methodology was utilized to construct and analyze the LDD-osteoporosis network. After that, the human transcription data of LDD intervention in patients with osteoporosis and protein arrays data of LDD intervention in osteoporosis rats were collected. The human transcription data analysis, protein arrays data analysis, and molecular docking were performed to validate the findings of the prediction network (LDD-osteoporosis PPI network). Finally, animal experiments were conducted to verify the prediction results of systematic pharmacology. Results. (1) LDD-osteoporosis PPI network shows the potential compounds, potential targets (such as ALB, IGF1, SRC, and ESR1), clusters, biological processes (such as positive regulation of calmodulin 1-monooxygenase activity, estrogen metabolism, and endothelial cell proliferation), and signaling and Reactome pathways (such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix) of LDD intervention in osteoporosis. (2) Human transcriptomics data and protein arrays data validated the findings of the LDD-osteoporosis PPI network. (3) The animal experiments showed that LDD can improve bone mineral density (BMD), increase serum estradiol (E2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and upregulate Wnt3a and β-catenin mRNA expression (P<0.05). (4) Molecular docking results showed that alisol A, dioscin, loganin, oleanolic acid, pachymic acid, and ursolic acid may stably bind to JAK2, ESR1, and CTNNB1. Conclusion. LDD may have a therapeutic effect on osteoporosis through regulating the targets (such as ALB, IGF1, SRC, and ESR1), biological processes (such as positive regulation of calmodulin 1-monooxygenase activity, estrogen metabolism, and endothelial cell proliferation), and pathways (such as JAK-STAT signaling pathway, osteoclast differentiation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix) found in this research.
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