We aimed to analyze whether ERG rearrangement in biopsies could be used to assess subsequent cancer diagnosis in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and the risk of lymph node ...metastasis in early prostate cancer.
Samples from 523 patients (361 with early prostate cancer and 162 with HGPIN) were collected prospectively. On the basis of the cutoff value established previously, the 162 patients with HGPIN were stratified to two groups: one with an ERG rearrangements rate ≥1.6% (n = 59) and the other with an ERG rearrangements rate <1.6% (n = 103). For the 361 prostate cancer cases undergoing radical prostatectomy, 143 had pelvic lymph node dissection (node-positive, n = 56 and node-negative, n = 87). All ERG rearrangement FISH data were validated with ERG immunohistochemistry.
A total of 56 (of 59, 94.9%) HGPIN cases with an ERG rearrangements rate ≥1.6% and 5 (of 103, 4.9%) HGPIN cases with an ERG rearrangements rate <1.6% were diagnosed with prostate cancer during repeat biopsy follow-ups (P < 0.001). There were significant differences in ERG rearrangement rates between lymph node-positive and -negative prostate cancer (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value to predict lymph node metastasis by ERG rearrangement was established, being 2.6% with a sensitivity at 80.4% 95% confidence interval (CI), 67.6-89.8 and a specificity at 85.1% (95% CI, 75.8-91.8). ERG protein expression by immunohistochemistry was highly concordant with ERG rearrangement by FISH.
The presence of ERG rearrangement in HGPIN lesions detected on initial biopsy warrants repeat biopsies and measuring ERG rearrangement could be used for assessing the risk of lymph node metastasis in early prostate cancer.
Abstract
Scleractinian corals with growth anomalies, often referred to as ‘tumors’, have been reported globally. A recent survey of Hong Kong waters showed that > 60% of Platygyra carnosus colonies ...developed tumors. Here we report for the first time, the bacterial community associated with tumors in P. carnosus over different seasons and locations in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park and Port Shelter. Culture-based methods for strain isolation and molecular techniques of 16S rRNA analysis for strain identification were used, as well as the culture-independent technique terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We tested the hypothesis that the community composition would be considerably different between healthy and tumor corals and aimed to investigate whether potential differences because of tumors would override the seasonal and spatial influences. Our analysis detected only minor differences between the communities associated with the healthy and tumor corals, indicating that tumors are not associated with major changes in the bacterial community structure. In contrast, community structure was strongly influenced by the location and season, with greater Alphaproteobacteria diversity in the winter than in the summer. This study demonstrated that the coral-associated bacterial community composition was more related to environmental variables (i.e. season and location) than to disease (i.e. tumor).
The homopolymer poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and its copolymers containing 1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene succinate (CHDMS) or butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (BCHDA) sequences with different ...molecular architectures (P(BS-
co
-CHDMS) and P(BS-
co
-BCHDA)) were prepared
via
melt polycondensation in the presence of a Ti-based catalyst. With the aim to gain more underlying information about enzymatic degradation rules and differences, the enzymatic degradation studies were performed in chloroform using
Pseudomonas cepacia
lipase (PCL) for 60 h. Degradation was monitored using various analytical techniques such as GPC, TGA and MALDI-TOF-MS. The results show that all PBS-based copolymers had an obvious degradation in chloroform. Compared with P(BS-
co
-BCHDA), P(BS-
co
-CHDMS) showed greater degradation rates after 60 hours of enzymatic degradation. The maximum degradation percentage observed in P(BS-
co
-10%CHDMS) was about 85%. Similarly, thermal property changes were observed with a decrease of the decomposition temperature of 5% and 15% sample in most cases. The enzymatic degradation of PBS-based copolymers produced not only linear segments, but also cyclic oligomers. Furthermore, P(BS-
co
-CHDMS) produced more oligomers than PBS-
co
-BCHDA. According to the results of molecular docking, the free energy of binding between PCL and the substrate in chloroform was in the order CMSCM > BSCM > BCAB > BSB. That is, the docking of the substrate containing CHDMS in the active site of PCL was more stable than any other ones.
In the present work, the difference of enzymatic degradation of PBS-based polyesters was investigated from the molecular level with molecular modeling.
This paper includes a detailed redescription of the monotypic genus Periphanesthes Kraatz, 1880 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) and its type species, Periphanesthes aurora (Motschulsky, 1858), ...based on the lectotype (designated within) and additional specimens. Illustrations of external features and parameres are also provided. The distribution of P. aurora is studied, and its new distribution records are mapped. Bonsiella Ruter, 1965 is confirmed as a junior synonym of Periphanesthes Kraatz, 1880.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer with frequent overexpression of the cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5). In the present study, we investigated that the anticancer effect ...of sildenafil on human colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo, which is a potent and selective inhibitor of PDE5 for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension in the clinic. Sildenafil significantly induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of human colorectal cancer with increased intracellular reactive oxidative specie (ROS) levels, which were accompanied by obvious alterations of related proteins such as CDKs, Cyclins and PARP etc. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine could reverse sildenafil-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. Inhibition of the activity of protein kinase G with KT-5823 could enhance sildenafil-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, sildenafil caused the reduction of xenograft models of human colorectal cancer in nude mice. Overall, these findings suggest that sildenafil has the potential to be used for treatment of human colorectal cancer.
To investigate the metacercarial infections of fishborne zoonotic trematodes (FZT), a total of 6815 freshwater fish (in representing 13 species of 5 families) were collected from Songhua river (n = ...2636), Nenjiang river (n = 1935), Mudanjiang river (n = 301), and other lakes or ponds (n = 1943) in 36 representative regions in Heilongjiang Province, China, from August 2012 to December 2015. Metacercariae of four FZT species, that is, Clonorchis sinensis, Metorchis orientalis, Isthmiophora hortensis, and Metagonimus yokogawai, metacercariae were detected in the examination by the artificial digestion method. As the partial data for C. sinensis were previously reported, the remaining three FZT species are to be treated in this study. The overall prevalence of M. orientalis, I. hortensis, and M. yokogawai, metacercariae was 10.54%, 0.28%, and 1.35%, respectively. Metacercariae of M. orientalis were detected in seven fish species, that is, Pseudorasbora parva, Hemiculter leucisculus, Saurogobio dabryi, Rhynchocypris lagowskii, Carassius auratus, Rhodeus ocellatus and Perccottus glehnii. Their prevalences were the highest in false dace, P. parva (26.81%), and in fish from Songhua river (17.94%). Metacercariae of I. hortensis were detected in only one fish species, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, from Nenjiang river only. Metacercariae of M. yokogawai were detected in three fish species, that is, P. parva, H. leucisculus and S. dabryi. Their prevalences were the highest in sharpbelly, H. leucisculus (6.05%), and in fish from Mudanjiang river (5.65%). This study first demonstrated the existence of M. orientalis, I. hortensis, and M. yokogawai in freshwater fish from Heilongjiang Province, posing a major public health concern. Eight fish species, namely M. anguillicaudatus, P. parva, H. leucisculus, S. dabryi, R. lagowskii, C. auratus, R. ocellatus, and P. glehnii, cannot be eaten raw. Moreover, the findings of this study not only extended the second intermediate host range of FZT, but also improve the information of the distribution of FZT in China.
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