•Four initial loading types' were exacted from 40+ apps commonly used.•The 4 initial loading types’ impacts on users’ mental and behavior were researched.•Logo shows better users’ mental and behavior ...performance than Circle and blank page.•Logo & Slogan win users' preference than single Logo on initial loading page.
Design of loading screens needs to be optimized given its impact on user experience. This study explored the influence of four commonly used loading feedback types on users’ mental state and behavior regarding waiting using a questionnaire survey. Users’ data (N = 90) was collected using Psychopy and Wenjuanxing. The results suggested that using a logo as the loading feedback enabled better emotional experience, time perception, preference, and higher tolerable waiting time compared with the empty screen or circle icon loading feedback. Users indicated a preference for the combination of a slogan plus a logo loading feedback. These findings can have implications on how to design for improving user experience.
This study investigates the effects of text direction (horizontal and vertical) and length (long and short) on Chinese reading performance. The experiment enrolled 68 university students aged ...19-29 years who were asked to read articles. We recorded reading times and measured recall after reading using a memory test and measured task load using the NASA-TLX scale. The results show that horizontal text was read faster than vertical text. When reading long texts, horizontal reading has a better memory effect than vertical reading. When reading short texts, the effect of text direction on memory was not significant. Moreover, the mental, physical, and temporal demands of horizontal text were lower than those of vertical text. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of text direction, provide valuable suggestions for Chinese typography, and help readers obtain better reading outcomes.
There has been much controversy over the effects of music tempo on movement flow. In this study, a single-factor repeated-measurement design was used to explore the effect of music tempo (fast, slow, ...and no music control) on movement flow by measuring both subjective experiences and objective electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics during brisk walking. In the experiment, 20 college students walked briskly on a treadmill using EEG equipment. Each participant walked for 10 min on three different days. Their brain waves were recorded during brisk walking on a treadmill. After each walk, the participants completed a form of short flow state scale-2 (S FSS-2), which covered nine major aspects of flow. The results showed that music tempo had a significant effect on subjective experiences and objective physiological characteristics; that is, a higher subjective flow level for fast-tempo music in brisk walking and a significant enhancement of mean power values in the subconscious brain waves of the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands for fast tempo music were observed. A fast tempo facilitated the movement flow. The findings of this study can be instructive for the use of music in exercises to improve sports training outcomes.
Background:
As many researchers have focused on promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments, even with numerous chemical coatings, identifying a biosafe, effective, and immediately ...usable method is still important clinically.
Purpose:
(1) To determine whether a low-intensity pulsed ultrasound system (LIPUS) promotes in vitro cell viability and osteogenic differentiation and (2) to assess the applicability and effectiveness of LIPUS in promoting the graft-bone healing of artificial ligaments in vivo.
Study Design:
Controlled laboratory study.
Methods:
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sheets and grafts were randomly assigned to control and LIPUS groups. MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were cultured on PET sheets. Cell viability and morphology were evaluated using a live/dead viability assay and scanning electron microscopy. Alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and Western blot were evaluated for osteogenic differentiation. For in vivo experiments, the effect of LIPUS was evaluated via an extra-articular graft-bone healing model in 48 rabbits: the osteointegration and new bone formation were tested by micro–computed tomography and histological staining, and the graft-bone bonding was tested by biomechanical testing.
Results:
Cell viability was significantly higher in the LIPUS group as compared with control (living and dead compared between control and LIPUS groups, P = .0489 vs P = .0489). Better adherence of cells and greater development of extracellular matrix were observed in the LIPUS group. Furthermore, LIPUS promoted alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium nodule formation, and the protein expression of collagen 1 (P = .0002) and osteocalcin (P = .0006) in vitro. Micro–computed tomography revealed higher surrounding bone mass at 4 weeks and newly formed bone mass at 8 weeks in the LIPUS group (P = .0014 and P = .0018). Histological analysis showed a narrower interface and direct graft-bone contact in the LIPUS group; the surrounding bone area at 4 weeks and the mass of newly formed bone at 4 and 8 weeks in the LIPUS group were also significantly higher as compared with control (surrounding bone, P < .0001; newly formed bone, P = .0016 at 4 weeks and P = .005 at 8 weeks). The ultimate failure load in the LIPUS group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < .0001 at 4 weeks; P = .0008 at 8 weeks).
Conclusion:
LIPUS promoted the viability and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts in vitro and enhanced the graft-bone healing of PET artificial ligament in vivo.
Clinical Relevance:
LIPUS is an effective physical stimulation to enhance graft-bone healing after artificial ligament implantation.
Airborne electromagnetic (AEM) detection is an important method for obtaining subsurface conductivity distribution. However, the response of observation system includes not only the underground media ...response but also a variety of noise components. The motion-induced noise is one of the main noise sources of the airborne electromagnetic data, which has a low frequency, large amplitude, non-periodic and other characteristics. In this paper, we will introduce the principle of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and use it for decomposing electromagnetic signal of grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic system. The EEMD method will decompose the electromagnetic signal into multi-stage intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and distinguish the IMF component containing the motion-induced noise. Then we can get the noise-free signal by reconstructing remaining IMF components and residual component. We use the EEMD method for the theoretical signal correction and compared with the cubic spline method, the correction result indicates that the EEMD method can fit the motion-induced noise more accurately with a higher signal-to-noise ratio. To verify the effect of the application of the EEMD method, we went to Weifang city, Shandong province, East China, for the concealed fault investigation. The correction result of the time series shows that the EEMD method can suppress the motion-induced noise more effectively than the cubic spline method. Compared with the uncorrected data and the corrected data using the cubic spline method, the result shows that the fake anomaly can be nearly avoided and a more clear geological structure can be obtained through the corrected data with EEMD method. The results also prove that the EEMD method is a practical as well as effective method for the motion-induced noise suppression.
•New motion-induced noise distinguish and suppression method use ensemble empirical mode decomposition•Principle and parameter selection of the ensemble empirical mode decomposition•Mechanism of the motion-induced noise in grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic system•Successful applied in the synthetic and field data of grounded electrical source airborne transient electromagnetic system
Helicopter transient electromagnetic (TEM) method is a kind of common geophysical prospecting method, widely used in mineral detection, underground water exploration and environment investigation. In ...order to develop an efficient helicopter TEM system, it is necessary to analyze and optimize the system parameters. In this paper, a simple and quantitative method is proposed to analyze the system parameters, such as waveform, power, base frequency, measured field and sampling time. A wire loop model is used to define a comprehensive ‘time constant domain’ that shows a range of time constant, analogous to a range of conductance, after which the characteristics of the system parameters in this domain is obtained. It is found that the distortion caused by the transmitting base frequency is less than 5% when the ratio of the transmitting period to the target time constant is greater than 6. When the sampling time window is less than the target time constant, the distortion caused by the sampling time window is less than 5%. According to this method, a helicopter TEM system, called CASHTEM, is designed, and flight test has been carried out in the known mining area. The test results show that the system has good detection performance, verifying the effectiveness of the method.
•A new perspective for analyzing and optimizing helicopter transient electromagnetic system is proposed.•A time constant domain used for distinguish different targets with different decay time constant.•Based on time constant domain, a simple and quantitative design method is proposed to analyze the system parameters.•According to the method, a helicopter TEM system is developed and a flight test is carried out in the known mining area.•The test results show that the system has good detection performance, verifying the effectiveness of the method.
Breast cancer is a serious malignancy that has higher rate of morbidity and mortality. It has been known to affect the women indifferently. The lack and side effects in the current therapeutic ...modules result in the search of the wide treatment options including combinatorial treatment. The goal of this study was to investigate combinatorial anti-proliferative efficacy of biochanin A (BCA) and sulforaphane (SFN) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The study involves the utilisation of various qualitative techniques including cytotoxicity analysis (MTT), morphogenic analysis, AO/EtBr, DAPI, ROS, cell cycle, and cell migration analysis in order to examine the combinatorial efficacy of BCA and SFN in inducing the cell death. The results had shown that the cytotoxicity of BCA and SFN was found to be around 24.5 µM and 27.2 µM respectively, while the combination of BCA and SFN had shown an inhibitory activity at about 20.1 µM. And furthermore, AO/EtBr and DAPI had shown a profound increase in apoptogenic activity of compounds when treated in combination at lower dose. This apoptogenic activity may be attributed to the increased ROS production. Moreover, it has been shown that the BCA and SFN have been involved in the down-regulation of ERK-1/2 signalling pathway resulting in induction of apoptosis of cancer cells. Thus, our results had concluded that BCA and SFN co-treatment could be used as an efficient therapeutic target against breast cancer. Furthermore, in vivo efficiency by which the co-treatment induces apoptosis has to be deliberated further in near future to make their use commercially.
•Icon pattern of line-plane-line has the highest attention performance.•Patterns of plane-based icon center targets (plane-plane-plane/ line-plane-line) have the highest memory performance.•Icon ...pattern of plane-line-plane has the lowest memory performance.
This study explored the impact of icon patterns, position, composition, and congruence on user attention and recognition memory for single-row icon sets. Four patterns of an icon set were experimentally tested: plane congruent (plane-plane-plane, PPP), plane incongruent (line-plane-line, LPL), line congruent (line-line-line, LLL), and line incongruent (plane-line-plane, PLP). For attention, this study found no significant difference between LLL and PPP. Furthermore, the combination of plane-based and line-based icons (LPL) was most suitable for user attention. For recognition memory, icon sets with plane-based targets (PPP or LPL) were more recognizable than those with line-based targets (LLL or PLP), and PLP was the least recognizable. Overall, the LPL pattern best attracted attention and enhanced subsequent memory. For evenly distributed cognition, a PPP pattern was recommended. The findings of this study can provide guidance for designing graphical user interfaces with multiple icons (e.g., navigation bars and tab bars).
As a core component of the bucking coil helicopter transient electromagnetic (TEM) system, the current pulse inverter should agree two crucial aspects, high power and fast turn- OFF . In this ...article, based on the design and modeling of transmitting coil and bucking coil, a novel current inverter topology based on the double constant voltage clamping technology, which differs from the traditional single clamping technology is firstly proposed and analyzed. By using double clamping technology, both the current pulse's rising edge and falling edge are improved effectively. What's more, the turn-OFF time of the current inverter is adjustable, which is of great difference from the conventional clamping technology with nonadjustable turn-OFF time. The ground and field experiments are implemented to test the performance of the current inverter. The results of the ground test of the performance comparison with worldwide VTEM transmitter verify that it successfully converts the standard 28 V dc source from helicopter power to bipolar approximately trapezoid pulses with a peak current of 300 A and a much faster turn-OFF time than the VTEM transmitter. The results of field exploration further demonstrate that it achieves a high quality of primary field compensation and effectively improve the detection capability of the helicopter TEM surveying system.
