Micro-expression recognition (MER) has attracted much attention with various practical applications, particularly in clinical diagnosis and interrogations. In this paper, we propose a three-stream ...convolutional neural network (TSCNN) to recognize MEs by learning ME-discriminative features in three key frames of ME videos. We design a dynamic-temporal stream, static-spatial stream, and local-spatial stream module for the TSCNN that respectively attempt to learn and integrate temporal, entire facial region, and facial local region cues in ME videos with the goal of recognizing MEs. In addition, to allow the TSCNN to recognize MEs without using the index values of apex frames, we design a reliable apex frame detection algorithm. Extensive experiments are conducted with five public ME databases: CASME II, SMIC-HS, SAMM, CAS(ME) 2 , and CASME. Our proposed TSCNN is shown to achieve more promising recognition results when compared with many other methods.
Identification of hot spots in protein-DNA binding interfaces is extremely important for understanding the underlying mechanisms of protein-DNA interactions and drug design. Since experimental ...methods for identifying hot spots are time-consuming and expensive, and most of the existing computational methods are based on traditional protein-DNA features to predict hot spots, unable to make full use of the effective information in the features.
In this work, a method named WTL-PDH is proposed for hot spots prediction. To deal with the unbalanced dataset, we used the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique to generate minority class samples to achieve the balance of dataset. First, we extracted the solvent accessible surface area features and structural features, and then processed the traditional features using discrete wavelet transform and wavelet packet transform to extract the wavelet energy information and wavelet entropy information, and obtained a total of 175 dimensional features. In order to obtain the best feature subset, we systematically evaluate these features in various feature selection strategies. Finally, light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) was used to establish the model.
Our method achieved good results on independent test set with AUC, MCC and F1 scores of 0.838, 0.533 and 0.750, respectively. WTL-PDH can achieve generally better performance in predicting hot spots when compared with state-of-the-art methods. The dataset and source code are available at https://github.com/chase2555/WTL-PDH .
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a type of rare tumor that can occur at multiple organs. Rectal NETs are the most common NETs in gastrointestinal tract. Due to the rarity of rectal NETs in rectal ...cancer, the molecular features and the correlation with patient therapeutic response and prognosis have not been investigated in detail. In this review, we focused on the molecular features, potential therapeutic targets and prognosis of rectal NETs. By summarizing the relevant studies, we established the mutational landscape of rectal NETs and identified a series of large fragment variations. Driver genes including TP53, APC, KRAS, BRAF, RB1, CDKN2A and PTEN were found as the top mutated genes. Large fragment alterations mainly involved known driver genes, including APC, TP53, CCNE1, MYC, TERT, RB1 and ATM. Germline mutations of APC, MUTYH, MSH6, MLH1 and MSH2 associated with Lynch syndrome or FAP were also found in rectal NETs. The BRAF-V600E mutation was reported as an actionable target in rectal NETs, and the combined BRAF/MEK inhibitors were found to be effective targeting BRAF-V600E in advanced or metastatic NETs. The known prognostic risk factors of rectal adenocarcinoma, including a series of demographic and clinicopathological factors were also prognostic factors for rectal NETs. Furthermore, three types of markers, including genetic alterations, protein expression levels and methylation, were also suggested as prognostic factors for rectal NETs. In summary, we established the landscape of mutations and large-fragment alterations of rectal NETs, and identified potential therapeutic targets and a series of prognostic factors. Future studies may focus on the optimization of therapeutic strategies based on potential actionable biomarkers.
A new metal–organic framework {(Me2NH2)2Co3(μ3-O)(btb)2(py)(H2O)·(DMF)2(H2O)2}n (Cobtbpy) was solvothermal synthesized (H3btb = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxylphenyl)benzene, py = pyridine, DMF = ...N,N-dimethylformamide). Cobtbpy shows a (3,6)-connected rtl 3D network with a point symbol of (4·62)2(42·610·83) based on the Co3(μ3-O) clusters. The obtained Cobtbpy has stable, accessible, dense active sites and can be applied in the potassium- and sodium-ion batteries. Through mixing with single-walled carbon nanotubes, the prepared composite anode material Cobtbpy-0.9 achieved a high reversible capability, delivering 416 mAh/g in the potassium-ion batteries and 379 mAh/g in the sodium-ion batteries at 0.05 A/g. The outstanding properties of Cobtbpy-0.9 in the batteries demonstrated that this MOFs-based carbon composite is a highly desirable electrode material candidate for high-performance potassium- and sodium-ion batteries.
Activation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) cascade can offer significant protection against oxidative stress in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. Here, we identified a novel kelch-like ...ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-targeting microRNA, microRNA-626 (miR-626) that activates Nrf2 signaling. In ARPE-19 cells and primary human RPE cells, ectopic overexpression of miR-626 targeting the 3′-UTR (3′-untranslated region) of Keap1 downregulated its expression, promoting Nrf2 protein stabilization and nuclear translocation, leading to expression of ARE-dependent genes (HO1, NOQ1 and GCLC). Functional studies showed that miR-626 protected RPE cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative injury. Conversely, miR-626 inhibition induced Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 cascade inhibition, exacerbating oxidative injury in RPE cells. Further studies demonstrated that miR-626 was ineffective in Keap1-knockout or Nrf2-knockout RPE cells. Importantly, miR-626 also activated Keap1-Nrf2 signaling cascade in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) and primary human retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), providing protection from H2O2. At last, we show that plasma miR-626 levels are significantly downregulated in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients than those in the healthy donors. We conclude that targeting Keap1 by miR-626 protects RPE cells and other ophthalmic cells from oxidative injury via activation of Nrf2 signaling cascade.
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•miR-626 downregulates Keap1 and activates Nrf2 signaling in human RPE cells.•miR-626 overexpression protects RPE cells from oxidative stress.•miR-626 inhibition induced Keap1 upregulation and Nrf2 cascade inhibition.
•Triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests were conducted on mildly heat-treated marbles.•Successful observation of thermal intensification of marble in a mild temperature range.•Dissipation ...energy, damping ratio and irreversible deformation of marble after cyclic loading and unloading are analyzed and an index is proposed to characterize the thermal strengthening effect.•The correlation between different kinds of elastic moduli and damage variables was explored using Spearman's correlation coefficient.
High-temperature conditions in current deep-earth engineering predominantly hover within the 300 °C mark. While several studies have shown granite and marble to display thermally enhanced properties within the mild temperature range, the thermo-mechanical behavior of marble under cyclic loading and unloading in this temperature range remains largely unexplored. This study addressed the issue by applying six heat treatments to marble, spanning from the control group (room temperature at 25 °C) through increments of 50 °C, 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, to 250 °C. The outcomes of the triaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests following these treatments were detailed herein. Electron microscopy scanning (SEM) was employed to examine the fracture mechanisms of marble post-failure. The findings revealed that temperatures within the mild range indeed exert a strengthening effect on marble under cyclic loading, evidenced by an increase in peak strength from 25 °C to 200 °C. Beyond this, from 200 °C to 250 °C, a weakening trend emerged. Additionally, both the maximum and minimum horizontal strains in the marble post-heat treatment across varied mild temperatures demonstrated a linear increase, while the dissipation energy and damping ratio initially rises and subsequently fell. Analysis using Spearman's correlation coefficient indicated that the average loading modulus served as the optimal equivalent Young's modulus for characterizing the damage evolution in marble following heat treatment within the mild temperature range. Observations from SEM of the microstructure showed a significant reduction in transgranular cracks, intragranular cracks, and micropores as the temperature increased from 25 °C to 200 °C. However, at a temperature of 250 °C, the beneficial effects of thermal expansion shifted towards to damaging effects.
A niccolite series of bnH22+M(HCOO)32 (bnH22+=1,4‐butyldiammonium) shows four kinds of metal‐dependent phase transitions, from high temperature para‐electric phases to low‐temperature ferro‐, ...antiferro‐, glass‐like, and para‐electric phases. The conformational flexibility of bnH22+ and the different size, mass, and bonding character of the metal ion lead to various disorder‐order transitions of bnH22+ in the lattice and relevant framework modulations, thus different phase transitions and dielectric responses. The magnetic members display a coexistence or combination of electric and magnetic orderings in the low‐temperature region.
Not just a phase! A niccolite series of bnH22+M(HCOO)32 (bnH22+=1,4‐butyldiammonium) displays four types of phase transitions, from the high‐temperature para‐electric phases to low‐temperature ferro‐, antiferro‐, glass‐like, and para‐electric phases, due to the subtle synergy of the conformational flexibility of bnH22+ and the different characters of the metal ions.
Organic–inorganic hybrid lead perovskites have made rapid progress in photovoltaic fields. However, the toxicity and poor long-term stability of these materials still limit their further commercial ...application. Herein, we proposed a system of lead-free mixed-anion perovskites in which a chalcogen element is incorporated into the perovskite octahedrons to improve the system stability. We performed first-principles calculations of the band gaps of 192 lead-free mixed-anion perovskites belonging to the class of ABX′X″2 where A = Cs+, CH3NH3 +, and HC(NH2)2 +; B = Ga3+, In3+, Sb3+, and Bi3+; X′ = O2–, S2–, Se2–, and Te2–, and X″ = F–, Cl–, Br–, and I–. The band gap shows a linear relationship with the average anion electronegativity. The contribution of anions to the band-edge states is related to electron affinity and structure parameters. Considering multiple factors forming perovskites, we screened out a promising candidate, CsInOBr2, with a suitable band gap (1.3 eV) for application in photovoltaics.
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