The severe performance degradation of high‐capacity Li−O2 batteries induced by Li dendrite growth and concentration polarization from the low Li+ transfer number of conventional electrolytes hinder ...their practical applications. Herein, lithiated Nafion (LN) with the sulfonic group immobilized on the perfluorinated backbone has been designed as a soluble lithium salt for preparing a less flammable polyelectrolyte solution, which not only simultaneously achieves a high Li+ transfer number (0.84) and conductivity (2.5 mS cm−1), but also the perfluorinated anion of LN produces a LiF‐rich SEI for protecting the Li anode from dendrite growth. Thus, the Li−O2 battery with a LN‐based electrolyte achieves an all‐round performance improvement, like low charge overpotential (0.18 V), large discharge capacity (9508 mAh g−1), and excellent cycling performance (225 cycles). Besides, the fabricated pouch‐type Li–air cells exhibit promising applications to power electronic equipment with satisfactory safety.
A novel design principle of polymerization and fluorination for salt anions has been proposed and lithiated Nafion (LN) was suggested as a representative soluble lithium salt for the polyelectrolyte solution to improve the Li+ transfer number and produce a LiF‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI). Furthermore, the perfluorinated backbone of LN delivers the polyelectrolyte solution low flammability. Thus, making the Li−O2 batteries realize all‐round performance amelioration.
Cancer cells exhibit altered and usually increased metabolic processes to meet their high biogenetic demands
. Under these conditions, ammonia is concomitantly produced by the increased metabolic ...processing. However, it is unclear how tumour cells dispose of excess ammonia and what outcomes might be caused by the accumulation of ammonia. Here we report that the tumour suppressor p53, the most frequently mutated gene in human tumours, regulates ammonia metabolism by repressing the urea cycle. Through transcriptional downregulation of CPS1, OTC and ARG1, p53 suppresses ureagenesis and elimination of ammonia in vitro and in vivo, leading to the inhibition of tumour growth. Conversely, downregulation of these genes reciprocally activates p53 by MDM2-mediated mechanism(s). Furthermore, the accumulation of ammonia causes a significant decline in mRNA translation of the polyamine biosynthetic rate-limiting enzyme ODC, thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of polyamine and cell proliferation. Together, these findings link p53 to ureagenesis and ammonia metabolism, and further reveal a role for ammonia in controlling polyamine biosynthesis and cell proliferation.
Aptamers, single-stranded nucleic acids that can selectively bind to various target molecules, have been widely used for constructing biosensors. A major challenge in this field, however, is direct ...sensing of analytes in complex biological media such as undiluted serum. While progress has been made in developing an inhomogeneous assay by using a preseparation step to wash away the interferences within serum, a facile strategy for direct detection of targets in homogeneous unprocessed serum is highly desired. We herein report a turn-on luminescent aptamer biosensor for the direct detection of adenosine in undiluted and unprocessed serum, by taking advantage of a terbium chelate complex with long luminescence lifetime to achieve time-resolved detection. The sensor exhibits a detection limit of 60 μM adenosine while marinating excellent selectivity that is comparable to those in buffer. The approach demonstrated here can be applied for direct detection and quantification of a broad range of analytes in biological media by using other aptamers.
We reported a simple one-pot solvothermal approach to fabricate a MoS2 quantum dots (QDs)-graphene-TiO2 (MGT) composite photocatalyst with significantly improved photocatalysis properties, which is ...caused by the increased charge separation, visible-light absorbance, specific surface area and reaction sites upon the introduction of MoS2 QDs.
Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a significant poor prognostic factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the main portal vein (MPV) or above ...could benefit from negative margin (R0) liver resection (LR). An Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH)/PVTT scoring system was established to predict the prognosis of HCC patients with PVTT after R0 LR and guide selection of subgroups of patients that could benefit from LR. HCC patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the MPV or above who underwent R0 LR as an initial therapy were included. The EHBH‐PVTT score was developed from a retrospective cohort in the training cohort using a Cox regression model and validated in a prospective internal validation cohort and three external validation cohorts. There were 432 patients in the training cohort, 285 in the prospective internal validation cohort, and 286, 189, and 135 in three external validation cohorts, respectively. The score was calculated using total bilirubin, α‐fetoprotein (AFP), tumor diameter, and satellite lesions. The EHBH‐PVTT score differentiated two groups of patients (≤/>3 points) with distinct long‐term prognoses (median overall survival OS, 17.0 vs. 7.9 months; P < 0.001). Predictive accuracy, as determined by the area under the time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs; 0.680‐0.721), was greater than that of the other commonly used staging systems for HCC and PVTT. Conclusion: The EHBH‐PVTT scoring system was more accurate in predicting the prognosis of HCC patients with PVTT than other staging systems after LR. It selected appropriate HCC patients with PVTT limited to a first‐order branch of the MPV or above for LR. It can be used to supplement the other HCC staging systems.
LINKED CONTENT
This article is linked to Kao et al and Tseng & Kao papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16097 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16162
The development of energy storage devices that can endure large and complex deformations is central to emerging wearable electronics. Hydrogels made from conducting polymers give rise to a promising ...integration of high conductivity and versatility in processing. However, the emergence of conducting polymer hydrogels with a desirable network structure cannot be readily achieved using conventional polymerization methods. Here we present a cryopolymerization strategy for preparing an intrinsically stretchable, compressible and bendable anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline hydrogel with a complete recovery of 100% stretching strain, 50% compressing strain and fully bending. Due to its high mechanical strength, superelastic properties and bi-continuous phase structure, the as-obtained anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol/polyaniline hydrogel can work as a stretching/compressing/bending electrode, maintaining its stable output under complex deformations for an all-solid-state supercapacitor. In particular, it achieves an extremely high energy density of 27.5 W h kg
, which is among that of state-of-the-art stretchable supercapacitors.
Using the Witten–Sakai–Sugimoto model in the D0–D4 background, we holographically compute the vacuum decay rate of the Schwinger effect in this model. Our calculation contains the influence of the ...D0-brane density which could be identified as the
θ
angle or chiral potential in QCD. Under the strong electromagnetic fields, the instability appears due to the creation of quark–antiquark pairs and the associated decay rate can be obtained by evaluating the imaginary part of the effective Euler–Heisenberg action which is identified as the action of the probe brane with a constant electromagnetic field. In the bubble D0–D4 configuration, we find the decay rate decreases when the
θ
angle increases since the vacuum becomes heavier in the present of the glue condensate in this system. And the decay rate matches to the result in the black D0–D4 configuration at zero temperature limit according to our calculations. In this sense, the Hawking–Page transition of this model could be consistently interpreted as the confined/deconfined phase transition. Additionally there is another instability from the D0-brane itself in this system and we suggest that this instability reflects to the vacuum decay triggered by the
θ
angle as it is known in the
θ
-dependent QCD.
The rapid expansion of ceramic wastes in China has raised great many interests in their sustainable uses in building materials. This work reports a type of micro ceramic powder with the mean size ...down to ∼3.5 μm manufactured from ceramic wastes toward developing sustainable building materials. The micro ceramic powder was taken as a supplementary cementitious material to replace cement up to 40% for tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of blend cement materials. Microscopic and macroscopic tests were conducted on the materials up to 180 curing days. Results indicate that the ultimate compressive strength of the blend mortars is over 80 MPa, and the bending strength is around 10 MPa. The filling and pozzolanic effects of micro ceramic grains increase the meso porosity (≤ 50 nm) and decrease the threshold pore size. The pozzolanic reactions between ceramic grains and calcium hydroxides form complex calcium-silicate-alumina-hydrates with the Ca/Si ratio around 1. The hybrid reactions of cement and ceramic grains increase the non-evaporable water but decrease the calcium hydroxide. Estimations suggest that 20% replacement of cement by the micro ceramic powder indicates an economical benefit of 9.6% in concrete manufacture and a decrease of 6.62% specific energy consumption in cement production. This work addresses the interactions between micro ceramic grains and cement hydrates for the sustainable uses of ceramic wastes in building materials.
Display omitted
•Micro ceramic powder was manufactured from ceramic wastes for partial cement replacement.•Waste ceramic powder refines the pore structure of cement materials.•Pozzolanic reaction enhanced the interactions between ceramic grains and cement matrix.•Waste ceramic powder enables a more sustainable concrete manufacture.
The pathogenic mechanism of autism is complex, and current research has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) may play important roles in this process. The antisense lncRNA of SH3 and multiple ...ankyrin repeat domains 2 (Shank2‐AS) is upregulated in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), whereas the expression of its sense strand gene Shank2 is downregulated. In neuronal cells, Shank2‐AS and Shank2 can form a double‐stranded RNA and inhibit Shank2 expression. Overexpression of Shank2‐AS decreases neurite numbers and lengths, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of neuronal cells and promoting their apoptosis. Overexpression of Shank2 inhibits the abovementioned effects of Shank2‐AS, and transfection of a vector containing the 10th intron of Shank2 (Shank2‐AS is reverse‐transcribed from this region) also blocks the function of Shank2‐AS. Shank2 small interfering RNA plays a role similar to Shank2‐AS. Therefore, Shank2‐AS is abnormally expressed in patients with ASD and may affect the structure and growth of neurons by regulating Shank2 expression, thereby facilitating the development of ASD.
Shank2‐AS expression was negatively correlated with Shank2 expression in autism spectrum disorder patients.
Shank2‐AS binds Shank2 messenger RNA and regulates its expression.
Overexpression of Shank2‐AS decreases neurite numbers and lengths.
Shank2‐AS overexpression inhibits neuron proliferation and promotes its apoptosis.
PDF
