Several COVID-19 vaccines list "uncontrolled epilepsy" as a contraindication for vaccination. This consequently restricts vaccination against COVID-19 in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, there ...is no strong evidence that COVID-19 vaccination can exacerbate conditions in PWE. This study aims to determine the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on PWE.
PWE were prospectively recruited from 25 epilepsy centers. We recorded the seizure frequency at three time periods (one month before the first vaccination and one month after the first and second vaccinations). A generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM) was used for analysis, and the adjusted incidence rate ratio (AIRR) with 95% CI was presented and interpreted accordingly.
Overall, 859 PWE were included in the analysis. Thirty-one (3.6%) and 35 (4.1%) patients were found to have increased seizure frequency after the two doses, respectively. Age had an interaction with time. The seizure frequency in adults decreased by 81% after the first dose (AIRR=0.19, 95% CI:0.11-0.34) and 85% after the second dose (AIRR=0.16, 95% CI:0.08-0.30). In juveniles (<18), it was 25% (AIRR=0.75, 95% CI:0.42-1.34) and 51% (AIRR=0.49, 95% CI:0.25-0.95), respectively. Interval between the last seizure before vaccination and the first dose of vaccination (ILSFV) had a significant effect on seizure frequency after vaccination. Seizure frequency in PWE with hereditary epilepsy after vaccination was significantly higher than that in PWE with unknown etiology (AIRR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.17-3.24). Two hundred and seventeen (25.3%) patients experienced non-epileptic but not serious adverse reactions.
The inactivated COVID-19 vaccine does not significantly increase seizure frequency in PWE. The limitations of vaccination in PWE should focus on aspects other than control status. Juvenile PWE should be of greater concern after vaccination because they have lower safety. Finally, PWE should not reduce the dosage of anti-seizure medication during the peri-vaccination period.
The aim of this study was to determine the value of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the diagnosis of patients with neonatal sepsis by a meta-analysis. Potential relevant studies were searched through the ...PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases before February 2016. We combined estimates of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of CRP for neonatal sepsis diagnosis. Summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of CRP. The meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed when heterogeneity was significant. In total, 31 studies were included in our meta-analysis with 5698 participants. The overall estimates for CRP in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis were: sensitivity 0.69 (95% CI, 0.66–0.71), specificity 0.77 (95% CI, 0.76–0.78), PLR 3.83 (95% CI, 3.03–4.84), NLR 0.38 (95% CI, 0.31–0.45), and DOR 12.65 (95% CI, 8.91–17.94). The area under the curve (AUC) and Q* index were 0.8458 and 0.7773. Meta-regression analysis showed that heterogeneity was irrelevant to test time, cutoff value, assay method of CRP, neonates, and sepsis type. Heterogeneity still existed but decreased after subgroup analysis. CRP might be a valuable approach for the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.
Acute organ injury, such as acute kidney injury (AKI) and disease (AKD), are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hyperuricemia (HU) is common in patients with impaired kidney function ...but the impact of asymptomatic HU on the different phases of AKI/AKD is incompletely understood. We hypothesized that asymptomatic HU would attenuate AKD because soluble, in contrast to crystalline, uric acid (sUA) can attenuate sterile inflammation. In vitro, 10 mg/dL sUA decreased reactive oxygen species and interleukin-6 production in macrophages, while enhancing fatty acid oxidation as compared with a physiological concentration of 5 mg/dL sUA or medium. In transgenic mice, asymptomatic HU of 7-10 mg/dL did not affect post-ischemic AKI/AKD but accelerated the recovery of kidney excretory function on day 14. Improved functional outcome was associated with better tubular integrity, less peritubular inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistic studies suggested that HU shifted macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype characterized by expression of anti-oxidative and metabolic genes as compared with post-ischemic AKI-chronic kidney disease transition in mice without HU. Our data imply that asymptomatic HU acts as anti-oxidant on macrophages and tubular epithelial cells, which endorses the recovery of kidney function and structure upon AKI.
Continuous hydrogen production of auto-aggregative
Ethanoligenens harbinense YUAN-3 was performed in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) with glucose as substrate under non-sterile conditions. ...Cell counts of strain YUAN-3 was estimated in the reactor and effluent by real-time PCR. Diversity of invading bacteria was detected by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis based on the V3 region of 16S rRNA genes. During 21 days of continuous operation, cell flocs formed quickly by aggregation in reactor. Hydrogen gas yield reached a maximum of 1.93
mol/mol-glucose at a dilution rate of
0.4
h
-
1
, and
H
2
production rate reached a maximum of
32.2
mmol
H
2
/
L
-medium/h at a dilution rate of
0.5
h
-
1
. The overflow rate was less than 0.1%, strain YUAN-3 retained well in the reactor. Some bacterial invaders appeared during continuous operation, and formed a stable community with YUAN-3. Dominant populations in continuous-flow reactor were affiliated with
Firmicutes and
Bacteroides, and the majority of dominant populations belonged to
E. harbinense. The above results demonstrate that auto-aggregative bacteria can accomplish continuous hydrogen production.
School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
Correspondence Nanqi Ren rnq{at}hit.edu.cn
Two strictly anaerobic bacterial strains (YUAN-3 ...T and X-29) were isolated from anaerobic activated sludge of molasses wastewater in a continuous stirred-tank reactor. The strains were Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, mesophilic and motile. Cells were regular rods (0·40·8 x 1·58·0 µm) and occurred singly, in pairs and sometimes in chains of up to eight. Autoaggregative and autofluorescent growth of strain YUAN-3 T and non-aggregative growth of strain X-29 were observed at 2044 °C and pH 3·59·0. Both strains hydrolysed gelatin and aesculin and fermented several kinds of mono-, di- and oligosaccharides. Fermentation end products formed from glucose were acetate, ethanol, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The predominant cellular fatty acids were the branched-chain fatty acids iso-C 16 : 0 (44·18 %) and iso-C 12 : 0 (26·67 %). The DNA G+C contents of strains YUAN-3 T and X-29 were 47·8 and 49·0 mol%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the isolates represent a novel phyletic sublineage within the Clostridium cellulosi rRNA cluster, with <92 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to currently known species. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium should be classified in a new genus as a novel species, Ethanoligenens harbinense gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Ethanoligenens harbinense is YUAN-3 T (=JCM 12961 T =CGMCC 1.5033 T ).
Abbreviations: CSTR, continuous stirred-tank reactor; DAP, diaminopimelic acid
Published online ahead of print on 25 November 2005 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63926-0.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains YUAN-3 T and X-29 are AY295777 and AY833421 , respectively.
Micrographs of colonies and cells of strain YUAN-3 T are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.
To further promote the modernization of agriculture and the prosperity of green industry, the analyses are made on the intensive level of agriculture by using spatial econometric model under the ...Internet of Things (IoT), and the optimal defense strategy is adopted for edge network equipment to ensure the security of agricultural information. Initially, the present work introduces the related concepts of agricultural intensive development and analyzes the important role of IoT in the development process of agricultural modernization. Next, it briefly explains the spatial econometric analysis method, introduces two basic spatial analysis models-spatial lag model (SLM) and spatial error model (SEM), and explains their principles in detail. Then, it signifies the characteristics of IoT and edge computing (EC) and designs the optimal defense strategy of edge network equipment from the perspective of IoT. Finally, the simulation experiment is carried out based on the edge network defense strategy, and the spatial econometric analysis is carried out by taking the agricultural intensive development of counties in a Chinese province as an example. The experimental results show that with the increase of the number of edge network devices, the optimal strategy of edge network defense can be adopted while consuming certain computing resources. The agricultural technology input and intensive level in the jurisdiction have high spatial correlation, so it is necessary to establish a spatial econometric model for analysis. Additionally, the statistics of SLM is higher than that of SEM, which shows that SLM can better reflect the technology investment and spatial correlation than SEM does. Both industrial and agricultural division of labor and agricultural production link division of labor can promote the level of intensification, among which the promotion of industrial and agricultural division of labor is not very significant, while the promotion of agricultural production link division of labor is very significant.
To compare the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) in supine versus prone position for patients with renal or upper ureteral calculi.
A systematic search of Pubmed, Embase ...and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all eligible studies. All included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were evaluated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After quality assessment and date extraction, a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.
A total of 15 RCTs with 1474 patients were included in our meta-analysis. Pooled data showed that PCNL in supine position could significantly reduce the operative time weighted mean difference (WMD) −12.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) −20.49 to −3.54, p = 0.005 and rate of fever risk ratio (RR) 0.67, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.97, p = 0.03 compared to prone position. In addition, no significant differences could be found between groups in stone-free rate (p = 0.31), hospital stay (p = 0.59) and rate of overall complications (p = 0.11), mainly including urinary leakage (p = 0.83), pleural effusion (p = 0.74) and blood transfusion (p = 0.58).
The current study found comparable stone-free rate and significant lower rate of postoperative fever in supine PCNL compared with prone PCNL. PCNL in supine position could be a safe and efficient choice for patients with renal or upper ureteral calculi.
•Comparable stone-free rate and significant lower postoperative fever rate was found in supine compared with prone PCNL.•PCNL in supine position could significantly reduce operative time when compared with prone position.•It would be a safe and effective choice to perform PCNL in supine position for selected patients by experienced surgeons.
•High cycle fatigue experiments of SS316L at different average stresses and stress ratios were carried out.•Fracture behavior of SS316L was analyzed based on SEM and CT images.•An elasto-plastic ...fatigue damage evolution model for predicting 316 L fatigue life and its UMAT implementation were developed and the relevant parameters were determined experimentally.
Selective laser melting (SLM) is extensively applied in fabricating 316L stainless steel structures. In this study, a series of mechanical tests were conducted on SLM 316L stainless steel, including tensile testing, high cycle fatigue (HCF) testing at various stress ratios and mean stresses, and low cycle fatigue (LCF) testing at different strain amplitudes. A efficient method of processing CT images was employed to analyze the porosity and fatigue failure behavior of material. Additionally, we proposed an elasto-plastic fatigue damage evolution model takes porosity into account, with relevant parameters determined through experiments. The predicted life under experimental conditions was calculated using the UMAT and DISP subroutines in ABAQUS software. Results indicate that mean stress significantly reduces fatigue strength, and irregularly shaped pores are the primary cause of material failure and reduction in strength. The predicted life of the elasto-plastic fatigue damage model is in good agreement with the experimental results. These results have important implications for the design and maintenance of SLM 316L stainless steel structures.
Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare inborn error of metabolism affecting fatty acid, amino acid, and choline metabolism. The clinical manifestation of MADD is heterogeneous, ...from severe neonatal forms to mild late-onset forms.
Here, we report a patient who presented with severe hypoglycemia and exercise intolerance suggestive of MADD. Serum tandem mass spectrometry analysis indicated elevated levels of various acyl carnitines at 25 days of age. Exome sequencing of the proband revealed compound heterozygous mutations, c. 413T>G (p.Leu138Arg) and c.1667C > G (p.Pro556Arg), in the ETFDH gene as the probable causative mutations.
Based on the patient's clinical presentation and test results, the patient was diagnosed with MADD.
A high-calorie and reduced-fat diet was given together with oral supplements of L-carnitine (150 mg/day).
He passed away at the age of 4 months because of severe respiratory distress accompanied by muscle weakness.
He passed away at the age of 4 months because of severe respiratory distress accompanied by muscle weakness. Clinicians should consider MADD in the differential diagnosis when patients present with muscle weakness and biochemical abnormalities. Gene testing plays a critical role in confirming the diagnosis of MADD and may not only prevent the need for invasive testing but also allow for timely initiation of treatment.
The schematic illustration of experimental synthesis of CoTiO3@NiO and the SEM images of CoTiO3 and CoTiO3@NiO as well as the schematic illustration of photoelectron-hole pair separation mechanism in ...CoTiO3@NiO under simulated sunlight illumination.
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•An unique core–shell structure of CoTiO3@NiO was prepared.•A direct Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism was presented.•The CoTiO3@NiO composite posseses superior photocatalytic performance.
The hierarchical binary 1D@2D CoTiO3@NiO Z-scheme heterojunctions with well-defined core–shell feature display the enhanced photocatalytic activity for antibiotic tetracycline decomposition under visible light illumination. The obtained CoTiO3@NiO heterostructured sub-microbelts show a superior photocatalytic efficiency to the pristine CoTiO3 sub-microbelts, and NiO nanoclusters. The TC removal efficiency of CoTiO3@NiO sub-microbelts is 1.75 and 2.15 times higher than that of pristine CoTiO3, and NiO, respectively. The electrospinning CoTiO3 sub-microbelts are decorated uniformly with in situ nanosheets of NiO longitudinally aligned through a facile two-step precipitation-calcination processure. The Z-scheme heterojunctions consisting of CoTiO3 and NiO efficiently accelerate photo-generated electron-hole separation efficiency, and afford a high specific surface area, which ultimately improve the efficiency of TC degradation. The profitable carrier transmission mechanism and special core–shell structure in the CoTiO3@NiO system are in charge of the elevated catalytic activity because of the formed Z-scheme system. These features demonstrate that the hierarchical CoTiO3@NiO core–shell heterojunctions have the great application potential for tetracycline removal from wastewater.
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