Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and natural antisense transcripts (NATs) control many biological processes and have been broadly applied for genetic manipulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Still ...unclear, however, are whether and how NATs regulate miRNA production. Here, we report that the
cis
-NATs of
MIR398
genes repress the processing of their pri-miRNAs. Through genome-wide analysis of RNA sequencing data, we identify
cis
-NATs of
MIRNA
genes in Arabidopsis and Brassica. In Arabidopsis,
MIR398b
and
MIR398c
are coexpressed in vascular tissues with their antisense genes
NAT398b
and
NAT398c
, respectively. Knock down of
NAT398b
and
NAT398c
promotes miR398 processing, resulting in stronger plant thermotolerance owing to silencing of miR398-targeted genes; in contrast, their overexpression activates
NAT398b
and
NAT398c
, causing poorer thermotolerance due to the upregulation of miR398-targeted genes. Unexpectedly, overexpression of
MIR398b
and
MIR398c
activates
NAT398b
and
NAT398c
. Taken together, these results suggest that
NAT398b/c
repress miR398 biogenesis and attenuate plant thermotolerance via a regulatory loop.
•SVMs and SVM-DA models forced with limited climate variables can forecast CGWLs up to 3 months lead time.•Performance of SVM model can be influenced by the local climate variables.•Addition of GRACE ...information can further improve the prediction of change in groundwater levels based on SVM-DA model.
Groundwater (GW) is a vital resource for human consumption, agriculture, environmental sustainability, and socio-economic development in different parts of the world. Besides, GW plays a crucial role in minimizing the impacts during extreme drought events. However, there is a fast decline in groundwater resources due to increased sectoral water demand compounded by reduced rainfall and rising temperature. Therefore, it is essential to develop appropriate tools to study spatio-temporal dynamics and predict groundwater levels to improve water resource management, especially during drought events. In this study, we applied machine learning algorithms based on support vector machines (SVMs), combined with data assimilation (DA) technique to predict the change in groundwater levels (CGWLs) at 1 to 3-month time scales for 46 GW wells located at the northeast United States. The in-situ climate variables and the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission-informed groundwater anomalies data (GWA) are used to develop the models. The results suggest that SVMs (SVM-DA) models forced with limited climate variables (i.e., precipitation, solar radiation, air temperature, infrared surface temperature) can forecast the CGWLs up to 3-month lead times at most of the locations. The addition of GRACE data as a forcing variable can improve the performance of SVMs at most of the stations, where a strong relationship exists between the CGWLs and the GWA. The SVM-DA model comparatively performed better than SVMs at most of the stations.
Abstract
Background
Previous studies have identified that socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity are associated with hypertension. However, their interaction on hypertension risk has not yet been ...assessed.
Methods
The study used data from 6,069 Tibetan residents in Chengguan District in Lhasa, the Chinese Tibetan autonomous region’s capital, based on a cohort study conducted from May 2018 to September 2019 in five provinces in southwest China. We used logistic regression models to assess the complex relations of SES and obesity with hypertension.
Results
Compared with individuals of high SES, low and moderate SES were positively associated with high risk of hypertension. SES and obesity have significant additive interaction on hypertension (general obesity by BMI: RERI = 1.33, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WC: RERI = 0.76, P < 0.001; abdominal obesity by WHtR: RERI = 0.96, P < 0.001). In people from the low and moderate SES segments, obesity was linked to an increased risk of hypertension, but the correlations were stronger in people from the moderate SES category. Compared with people of high SES and non obese, those with moderate SES and obesity had a higher risk of hypertension, and ORs were 4.38 (2.80, 6.84) for general obesity by BMI, 3.38 (2.05, 5.57) for abdominal obesity by WC, and 3.18 (1.57, 6.42) for abdominal obesity by WHtR.
Conclusion
There is an independent and additive interaction effect of obesity and SES on the risk of hypertension. People with obesity, especially those of moderate and low SES, should reduce weight and waist circumference, and pay more attention to blood pressure. Moreover, the government, health administration departments, and society should prioritize improving the socioeconomic status of the Tibetan population and addressing risk factors like obesity.
For machining workshops that use automated guided vehicles (AGVs) for material handling and management, workstation layout and AGV path are coupling factors affecting the material handling cost ...(MHC). The multi-row layout is a typical pattern in many machining workshops, and currently, there is a lack of studies on the multi-row layout problem (MRLP) while taking into account the AGV path. This study established a bi-objective multi-row layout optimization methodology integrating the AGV path to minimize MHC and area occupancy. Specifically, workstations and transfer stations were arranged in the workshop following several non-intersecting AGV paths to decrease the material handling distance between workstations. First, a multi-row layout optimization model was established. Second, a hybrid approach combining the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and tabu search (TS) was proposed to solve it. The effectiveness of the proposed model was verified in the practice of a structural components machining workshop, and the results were compared with that of a loop-based layout. In addition, the proposed approach was compared with an exact approach and another hybrid approach based on a genetic algorithm (GA) and simulated annealing (SA). The experimental results showed that the proposed approach was able to achieve better sets of Pareto solutions within reasonable computational time.
In this paper, the inhibition of methanogens by phenol in coal gasification wastewater（CGW）was investigated by both anaerobic toxicity tests and a lab-scale anaerobic biofilter reactor（AF）. The ...anaerobic toxicity tests indicated that keeping the phenol concentration in the influent under 280 mg/L could maintain the methanogenic activity. In the AF treating CGW,the result showed that adding glucose solution as co-substrate could be beneficial for the quick start-up of the reactor. The effluent chemical oxygen demand（COD） and total phenol reached1200 and 100 mg/L, respectively, and the methane production rate was 175 m L CH4/g COD/day.However, if the concentration of phenol was increased, the inhibition of anaerobic micro-organisms was irreversible. The threshold of total phenol for AF operation was 200–250 mg/L. The extracellular polymeric substances（EPS） and particle size distribution of anaerobic granular sludge in the different stages were also examined, and the results indicated that the influence of toxicity in the system was more serious than its effect on flocculation of EPS. Moreover, the proportion of small size anaerobic granular sludge gradually increased from10.2% to 34.6%. The results of high through-put sequencing indicated that the abundance of the Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes was inhibited by the toxicity of the CGW, and some shifts in the microbial community were observed at different stages.
'Feng Dan' is widely cultivated in China for its ornamental, medicinal, and edible properties. The whole plant of tree peony is rich in bioactive substances, while the comprehensive understanding of ...metabolites in the leaves is limited. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics strategy based on UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS was conducted to analyze the dynamic variations of bioactive metabolites in
'Feng Dan' leaves during development. A total of 321 metabolites were rapidly annotated based on the GNPS platform, in-house database, and publications. To accurately quantify the selected metabolites, a targeted method of HPLC-ESI-QQQ-MS was used. Albiflorin, paeoniflorin, pentagalloylglucose, luteolin 7-glucoside, and benzoylpaeoniflorin were recognized as the dominant bioactive compounds with significant content variations during leaf development. Metabolite variations during the development of
'Feng Dan' leaves are greatly attributed to the variations in antioxidant activities. Among all tested bacteria, the leaf extract exhibited exceptional inhibitory effects against
-
. This research firstly provides new insights into tree peony leaves during development. The stages of S1-S2 may be the most promising harvesting time for potential use in food or pharmaceutical purposes.
Transport characteristics of ionic conductors play a key role in the performance of electrochemical devices such as solid‐state batteries, solid‐oxide fuel cells, and sensors. Despite the ...significance of the transport characteristics, they have been experimentally measured only for a very small fraction of all inorganic compounds, which limits the technological progress. To address this deficiency, a database containing crystal structure information, ion migration channel connectivity information, and 3D channel maps for over 29 000 inorganic compounds is presented. The database currently contains ionic transport characteristics for all potential cation and anion conductors, including Li+, Na+, K+, Ag+, Cu(2)+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Al3+, F−, and O2−, and this number is growing steadily. The methods used to characterize materials in the database are a combination of structure geometric analysis based on Voronoi decomposition and bond valence site energy (BVSE) calculations, which yield interstitial sites, transport channels, and BVSE activation energy. The computational details are illustrated on several typical compounds. This database is created to accelerate the screening of fast ionic conductors and to accumulate descriptors for machine learning, providing a foundation for large‐scale research on ion migration in inorganic materials.
An ionic transport characteristic database for ≈29 000 Li‐, Na‐, K‐, Ag‐, Cu‐, Mg‐, Zn‐, Ca‐, Al‐, O‐, and F‐containing inorganic compounds using a combination of geometric analysis and bond valence site energy calculations is created. This database provides a useful resource for the screening of fast ionic conductors, paving the way for the large‐scale research on ion migration in inorganic materials.
This paper proposes a novel impulsive stochastic nonautonomous chemostat model with the saturated and bilinear growth rates in a polluted environment. Using the theory of impulsive differential ...equations and Lyapunov functions method, we first investigate the dynamics of the stochastic system and establish the sufficient conditions for the extinction and the permanence of the microorganisms. Then we demonstrate that the stochastic periodic system has at least one nontrivial positive periodic solution. The results show that both impulsive toxicant input and stochastic noise have great effects on the survival and extinction of the microorganisms. Furthermore, a series of numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the performance of the theoretical results.
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries have a profound impact on our daily life so that it is urgent to capture the physical and chemical fundamentals affecting the operation and lifetime. The phase-field ...method is a powerful computational approach to describe and predict the evolution of mesoscale microstructures, which can help to understand the dynamic behavior of the material systems. In this review, we briefly introduce the theoretical framework of the phase-field model and its application in electrochemical systems, summarize the existing phase-field simulations in rechargeable batteries, and provide improvement, development, and problems to be considered of the future phase-field simulation in rechargeable batteries.
One antitumor β-elemene derivative W-105 and three novel hepatocyte-targeting prodrugs (W-1-5, W-2-9, and W-3-8) were designed and synthesized. W-105 (IC50 6.107 μM) could cause cell apoptosis ...through upregulating the activity of caspase-3. The hepatocyte-targeting capacities of the aimed compounds followed the W-105 (parent compound) < W-1-5 (monodentate-galactose) < W-2-9 (bidentate-galactose) < W-3-8 (tridentate-galactose) order, which is attributed to the excellent affinity of the galactose ligand to ASGPR and the galactose-cluster recognition effect. Furthermore, prodrugs W-3-8 exhibited good antitumor activity and low toxic side effects. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays revealed that prodrugs (W-1-5, W-2-9, and W-3-8) could release the antitumor pharmacophore in the presence of GSH (mimic the condition of the tumor cell) and maintain the low-toxic structures in the absence of GSH (mimic the condition of the normal cell). The release mechanisms of prodrugs were also proposed. Overall, these prodrugs developed in this study had potential in the treatment of liver cancer.
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