Accurate whole-body multi-person pose estimation and tracking is an important yet challenging topic in computer vision. To capture the subtle actions of humans for complex behavior analysis, ...whole-body pose estimation including the face, body, hand and foot is essential over conventional body-only pose estimation. In this article, we present AlphaPose, a system that can perform accurate whole-body pose estimation and tracking jointly while running in realtime. To this end, we propose several new techniques: Symmetric Integral Keypoint Regression (SIKR) for fast and fine localization, Parametric Pose Non-Maximum-Suppression (P-NMS) for eliminating redundant human detections and Pose Aware Identity Embedding for jointly pose estimation and tracking. During training, we resort to Part-Guided Proposal Generator (PGPG) and multi-domain knowledge distillation to further improve the accuracy. Our method is able to localize whole-body keypoints accurately and tracks humans simultaneously given inaccurate bounding boxes and redundant detections. We show a significant improvement over current state-of-the-art methods in both speed and accuracy on COCO-wholebody, COCO, PoseTrack, and our proposed Halpe-FullBody pose estimation dataset. Our model, source codes and dataset are made publicly available at https://github.com/MVIG-SJTU/AlphaPose .
It is unknown whether the human immune system frequently mounts a T cell response against mutations expressed by common epithelial cancers. Using a next-generation sequencing approach combined with ...high-throughput immunologic screening, we demonstrated that tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 9 out of 10 patients with metastatic gastrointestinal cancers contained CD4⁺ and/or CD8⁺ T cells that recognized one to three neo-epitopes derived from somatic mutations expressed by the patient's own tumor. There were no immunogenic epitopes shared between these patients. However, we identified in one patient a human leukocyte antigen–C*08:02–restricted T cell receptor from CD8⁺ TILs that targeted the KRASG12D hotspot driver mutation found in many human cancers. Thus, a high frequency of patients with common gastrointestinal cancers harbor immunogenic mutations that can potentially be exploited for the development of highly personalized immunotherapies.
Immunotherapy using either checkpoint blockade or the adoptive transfer of antitumor lymphocytes has shown effectiveness in treating cancers with high levels of somatic mutations-such as melanoma, ...smoking-induced lung cancers and bladder cancer-with little effect in other common epithelial cancers that have lower mutation rates, such as those arising in the gastrointestinal tract, breast and ovary
. Adoptive transfer of autologous lymphocytes that specifically target proteins encoded by somatically mutated genes has mediated substantial objective clinical regressions in patients with metastatic bile duct, colon and cervical cancers
. We present a patient with chemorefractory hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer who was treated with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) reactive against mutant versions of four proteins-SLC3A2, KIAA0368, CADPS2 and CTSB. Adoptive transfer of these mutant-protein-specific TILs in conjunction with interleukin (IL)-2 and checkpoint blockade mediated the complete durable regression of metastatic breast cancer, which is now ongoing for >22 months, and it represents a new immunotherapy approach for the treatment of these patients.
Sordariomycetes is one of the largest classes of Ascomycota that comprises a highly diverse range of fungi mainly characterized by perithecial ascomata and inoperculate unitunicate asci. Freshwater ...Sordariomycetes play an important role in ecosystems and some of them have the potential to produce bioactive compounds. This study documents and reviews the freshwater Sordariomycetes, which is one of the largest and important groups of fungi in aquatic habitats. Based on evidence from DNA sequence data and morphology, we introduce a new order Distoseptisporales, two new families, viz. Ceratosphaeriaceae and Triadelphiaceae, three new genera, viz.
Aquafiliformis
,
Dematiosporium
and
Neospadicoides
, 47 new species, viz.
Acrodictys fluminicola
,
Aquafiliformis lignicola
,
Aquapteridospora fusiformis
,
Arthrinium aquaticum
,
Ascosacculus fusiformis
,
Atractospora aquatica
,
Barbatosphaeria lignicola
,
Ceratosphaeria aquatica
,
C. lignicola
,
Chaetosphaeria aquatica
,
Ch. catenulata
,
Ch. guttulata
,
Ch. submersa
,
Codinaea yunnanensis
,
Conioscypha aquatica
,
C. submersa
,
Cordana aquatica
,
C. lignicola
,
Cosmospora aquatica
,
Cylindrotrichum submersum
,
Dematiosporium aquaticum
,
Dictyochaeta cangshanensis
,
D. ellipsoidea
,
D. lignicola
,
D. submersa
,
Distoseptispora appendiculata
,
D. lignicola
,
D. neorostrata
,
D. obclavata
,
Hypoxylon lignicola
,
Lepteutypa aquatica
,
Myrmecridium aquaticum
,
Neospadicoides aquatica
,
N. lignicola
,
N. yunnanensis
,
Ophioceras submersum
,
Peroneutypa lignicola
,
Phaeoisaria filiformis
,
Pseudostanjehughesia lignicola
,
Rhodoveronaea aquatica
,
Seiridium aquaticum
,
Sporidesmiella aquatica
,
Sporidesmium lageniforme
,
S. lignicola
,
Tainosphaeria lunata
,
T. obclavata
,
Wongia aquatica
, two new combinations, viz.
Acrodictys aquatica
,
Cylindrotrichum aquaticum
, and 9 new records, viz.
Chaetomium globosum
,
Chaetosphaeria cubensis
,
Ch. myriocarpa
,
Cordana abramovii
,
Co. terrestris
,
Cuspidatispora xiphiago
,
Sporidesmiella hyalosperma
,
Stachybotrys chartarum
,
S. chlorohalonata
. A comprehensive classification of the freshwater Sordariomycetes is presented based on updated literature. Phylogenetic inferences based on DNA sequence analyses of a combined LSU, SSU, RPB2 and TEF1α dataset comprising species of freshwater Sordariomycetes are provided. Detailed information including their habitats distribution, diversity, holotype, specimens collected and classification are provided.
Covalent organic frameworks with designable periodic skeletons and ordered nanopores have attracted increasing attention as promising cathode materials for rechargeable batteries. However, the ...reported cathodes are plagued by limited capacity and unsatisfying rate performance. Here we report a honeycomb-like nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework with multiple carbonyls. The sodium storage ability of pyrazines and carbonyls and the up-to twelve sodium-ion redox chemistry mechanism for each repetitive unit have been demonstrated by in/ex-situ Fourier transform infrared spectra and density functional theory calculations. The insoluble electrode exhibits a remarkably high specific capacity of 452.0 mAh g
, excellent cycling stability (~96% capacity retention after 1000 cycles) and high rate performance (134.3 mAh g
at 10.0 A g
). Furthermore, a pouch-type battery is assembled, displaying the gravimetric and volumetric energy density of 101.1 Wh kg
and 78.5 Wh L
, respectively, indicating potentially practical applications of conjugated polymers in rechargeable batteries.
Benzoxepane derivatives were designed and synthesized, and one hit compound emerged as being effective in vitro with low toxicity. In vivo, this hit compound ameliorated both sickness behavior ...through anti‐inflammation in LPS‐induced neuroinflammatory mice model and cerebral ischemic injury through anti‐neuroinflammation in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Target fishing for the hit compound using photoaffinity probes led to identification of PKM2 as the target protein responsible for anti‐inflammatory effect of the hit compound. Furthermore, the hit exhibited an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PKM2‐mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation, indicating PKM2 as a novel target for neuroinflammation and its related brain disorders. This hit compound has a better safety profile compared to shikonin, a reported PKM2 inhibitor, identifying it as a lead compound in targeting PKM2 for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases.
Fishing around: The benzoxepane derivative A was effective in vivo, ameliorating both sickness behavior through anti‐inflammation in LPS‐induced neuroinflammatory mice model and cerebral ischemic injury through anti‐neuroinflammation in rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Target fishing identified PKM2 as the target protein for A. Furthermore, A exhibited an anti‐neuroinflammatory effect in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting PKM2‐mediated glycolysis and NLRP3 activation.
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging environmental contaminants, have become a threat to human health. Recent studies have demonstrated that the effluent from wastewater treatment plants ...is a significant point source of ARGs released into the environment. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of coagulation technology in the removal of ARGs from treated wastewater. Specifically, we measured the removal of five ARGs (two sulfonamide resistance genes, sulI and sulII, and three tetracycline resistance genes, tetO, tetW and tetQ) and the class 1 integron intI1 gene via the application of two coagulants: FeCl3 and polyferric chloride (PFC). Moreover, the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), NH3N and total phosphorus (TP) in the coagulation process was investigated. The coagulation process effectively removed ARGs from the effluent with 0.5-log to 3.1-log reductions. Significant removal correlations were observed between dissolved NH3N and DOC, intI1 and sulI, sulII and tetO, sulII and tetW, and tetO and tetW, implying that the co-removal of DOC, dissolved NH3N, the intI1 gene and different ARGs played an important role in ARG loss during coagulation with Fe-based coagulants. These results indicate that coagulation may play a promising role in ARG reduction in wastewater treatment plants.
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•Coagulation effectively removed ARGs from effluent with 0.5-log to 3.1-log reduction.•Removal between sulI and intI1, sulII/tetO and tetW have significant correlations.•Fe species may influence ARG removal in coagulation process.•Coagulation is an effective technique for ARG removal from WWTP effluent.
Abstract
Rechargeable aqueous batteries are an up-and-coming system for potential large-scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. However, the freeze of aqueous electrolyte limits ...the low-temperature operation of such batteries. Here, we report the breakage of original hydrogen-bond network in ZnCl
2
solution by modulating electrolyte structure, and thus suppressing the freeze of water and depressing the solid-liquid transition temperature of the aqueous electrolyte from 0 to –114 °C. This ZnCl
2
-based low-temperature electrolyte renders polyaniline||Zn batteries available to operate in an ultra-wide temperature range from –90 to +60 °C, which covers the earth surface temperature in record. Such polyaniline||Zn batteries are robust at –70 °C (84.9 mA h g
−1
) and stable during over 2000 cycles with ~100% capacity retention. This work significantly provides an effective strategy to propel low-temperature aqueous batteries via tuning the electrolyte structure and widens the application range of temperature adaptation of aqueous batteries.
Predicting future actions is an essential feature of intelligent systems and embodied AI. However, compared to the traditional recognition tasks, the uncertainty of the future and the reasoning ...ability requirement make prediction tasks very challenging and far beyond solved. In this field, previous methods usually care more about the model architecture design but little attention has been put on how to train models with a proper learning policy. To this end, in this work, we propose a simple but effective training strategy, Dynamic Context Removal (DCR), which dynamically schedules the visibility of context in different training stages. It follows the human-like curriculum learning process, i.e., gradually removing the event context to increase the prediction difficulty till satisfying the final prediction target. Besides, we explore how to train
robust
models that give consistent predictions at different levels of observable context. Our learning scheme is
plug-and-play
and easy to integrate widely-used reasoning models including Transformer and LSTM, with advantages in both effectiveness and efficiency. We study two action prediction problems, i.e., Video Action Anticipation and Early Action Recognition. In extensive experiments, our method achieves state-of-the-art results on several widely-used benchmarks.
During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...within the femtosecond pulse duration, whereas femtosecond photon-electron interactions dominate the entire fabrication process. Therefore, femtosecond laser fabrication must be improved by controlling localized transient electron dynamics, which poses a challenge for measuring and controlling at the electron level during fabrication processes. Pump-probe spectroscopy presents a viable solution, which can be used to observe electron dynamics during a chemical reaction. In fact, femtosecond pulse durations are shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, which permits manipulating, adjusting, or interfering with electron dynamics. Hence, we proposed to control localized transient electron dynamics by temporally or spatially shaping femtosecond pulses, and further to modify localized transient materials properties, and then to adjust material phase change, and eventually to implement a novel fabrication method. This review covers our progresses over the past decade regarding electrons dynamics control (EDC) by shaping femtosecond laser pulses in micro/nanomanufacturing: (1) Theoretical models were developed to prove EDC feasibility and reveal its mechanisms; (2) on the basis of the theoretical predictions, many experiments are conducted to validate our EDC-based femtosecond laser fabrication method. Seven examples are reported, which proves that the proposed method can significantly improve fabrication precision, quality, throughput and repeatability and effectively control micro/nanoscale structures; (3) a multiscale measurement system was proposed and developed to study the fundamentals of EDC from the femtosecond scale to the nanosecond scale and to the millisecond scale; and (4) As an example of practical applications, our method was employed to fabricate some key structures in one of the 16 Chinese National S&T Major Projects, for which electron dynamics were measured using our multiscale measurement system.
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