We previously found that the elevated abundance of the fungus Candida tropicalis is positively correlated with the bacteria Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens in Crohn's disease patients and ...the three pathogens, when co-cultured, form a robust mixed-species biofilm. The finding suggests that these three pathogens communicate and promote biofilm formation, possibly through secretion of small signaling molecules. To identify candidate signaling molecules, we carried out a metabolomic analysis of the single-species and triple-species cultures of the three pathogens. This analysis identified 15 metabolites that were highly increased in the triple-species culture. One highly induced metabolite was indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), which has been shown to induce filamentation of certain fungi. We thus tested the effect of IAA on biofilm formation of C. tropicalis and demonstrated that IAA promotes biofilm formation of C. tropicalis. Then, we carried out isotope tracing experiments using 13C-labeled-tryptophan as a precursor to uncover the biosynthesis pathway of IAA in C. tropicalis. The results indicated that C. tropicalis synthesizes IAA through the indole-3-pyruvate pathway. Further studies using inhibitors of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway are warranted to decipher the mechanisms by which IAA influences biofilm formation.
Background
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a crucial complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and has important clinical implications in guiding treatment. N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) ...plays a key role in the development of SLE by affecting the balance of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory responses. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of IgG N-glycosylation for diagnosing LN in a sample of female SLE patients.
Methods
This case-control study recruited 188 women with SLE, including 94 patients with LN and 94 age-matched patients without LN. The profiles of plasma IgG N-glycans were detected by hydrophilic interaction chromatography with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UPLC). A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the associations between IgG N-glycans and LN. A diagnostic model was developed using the significant glycans as well as demographic factors. The performance of IgG N-glycans in the diagnosis of LN was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.
Results
There were significant differences in 9 initial glycans (GP2, GP4, GP6, GP8, GP10, GP14, GP16, GP18 and GP23) between women with SLE with and without LN (
P
< 0.05). The levels of sialylated, galactosylated and fucosylated glycans were significantly lower in the LN patients than in the control group, while bisected N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) glycans were increased in LN patients (
P
< 0.05). GP8, GP10, GP18, and anemia were included in our diagnostic model, which performed well in differentiating female SLE patients with LN from those without LN (AUC = 0.792, 95% CI: 0.727 to 0.858).
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that decreased sialylation, galactosylation, and core fucosylation and increased bisecting GlcNAc might play a role in the development of LN by upregulating the proinflammatory response of IgG. IgG N-glycans can serve as potential biomarkers to differentiate individuals with LN among SLE patients.
Epidemiological studies have shown increased risk of suicide in cancer patients compared with the general population. The present study aimed to examine the association between physical symptoms and ...suicidal ideation in Chinese hospitalized cancer patients and test the modifying effect of health self-efficacy on the association.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 544 hospitalized cancer patients in two general hospitals in northeast China via face-to-face interviews. Suicidal ideation was measured by using the first four items on the Yale Evaluation of Suicidality scale and then dichotomized into a positive and negative score. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the impacts of physical symptoms, health self-efficacy, and their interactions on suicidal ideation.
The suicidal ideation rate was 26.3% in the enrolled cancer patients. Logistic regression showed that insomnia (aOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.13 to 3.00, p = 0.015) and lack of appetite (aOR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.64, p = 0.005) were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Low health self-efficacy had a marginally significant exaggerating effect on the association between pain and suicidal ideation (aOR = 2.77, 95% CI 0.99 to 7.74, p = 0.053), after adjusting for significant socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, and depression.
These findings demonstrate significant associations between physical symptoms (insomnia and/or lack of appetite) and suicidal ideation and highlight the potential modifying role of health self-efficacy in the identification and prevention of suicide among cancer patients.
Background
Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that recurs during childhood, and more than half of adult epilepsy originates from childhood. Studies suggested that immunoglobulin G (IgG) ...glycosylation are closely related to neurological diseases. Here we analyzed the characteristics of the immunoglobulin glycosylation profile of children with epilepsy.
Methods
Patients were recruited in Taian, Shandong Province from December 2019 to March 2020. Serum IgG glycome composition was analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography approach.
Results
The proportion of fucosylated glycans in total IgG glycans was 93.72% in the epilepsy patients, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (94.94%). A lower level of total monogalactosylated and digalactosylated glycans were observed in the epilepsy patients group (30.76 and 40.14%) than that in the controls (36.17 and 42.69%). There was no significant difference between the two groups in bisected GlcNAc glycans and sialylated glycans.
Conclusion
The decrease of core fucosylation and galactosylation may promote the inflammatory reaction of the body and participate in the occurrence of epilepsy in children.
Increasing evidence supports a role for N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deregulation in tumorigenesis. We investigated the roles and mechanisms of NDRG2 in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) ...progression. In the present study, expression of NDRG2, microRNA (miR)‐181c and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in human CCA and adjacent nontumor tissues were examined. The effects of NDRG2 on CCA tumor growth and metastasis were determined both in vivo and in vitro. The role of the NDRG2/LIF/miR‐181c signaling pathway in cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis were investigated both in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that human CCA tissues exhibited decreased levels of NDRG2 and increased levels of miR‐181c and LIF compared with nontumor tissues. NDRG2 could inhibit CCA cell proliferation, chemoresistance, and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. We found that NDRG2 is a target gene of miR‐181c, and the down‐regulation of NDRG2 was attributed to miR‐181c overexpression in CCA. Furthermore, miR‐181c can be activated by LIF treatment, whereas NDRG2 could inhibit LIF transcription through disrupting the binding between Smad, small mothers against decapentaplegic complex and LIF promoter. Down‐regulation of NDRG2 and overexpression of miR‐181c or LIF are significantly associated with a poorer overall survival (OS) in CCA patients. Finally, we found that a combination of NDRG2, miR‐181c, and LIF expression is a strong predictor of prognosis in CCA patients. Conclusion: These results establish the counteraction between NDRG2 and LIF/miR‐181c as a key mechanism that regulates cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis. Our results elucidated a novel pathway in NDRG2‐mediated inhibition of cholangiocarcinogenesis and metastasis and suggest new therapeutic targets, including NDRG2, LIF, miR‐181c, and transforming growth factor beta, in CCA prevention and treatment. (Hepatology 2016;64:1606‐1622)
Hydrous iron oxide and hydrous aluminum oxide were loaded successfully onto a polymeric adsorbent （D301） to modify adsorbing materials （HIOD301 and HAOD301 ）.The adsorptive equilibrium ofatrazine was ...investigated in an aquatic environment using HIOD301 and HAOD301 under different experimental conditions. The results indi- cated that both HIOD301 and HAOD301 showed good adsorption capacities for atrazine at pH 4. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were used to study the interactions between the adsorbate and adsorbent. The adsorption kinetics of atrazine at different concentrations was well described in terms of a pseudo- second-order equation in regard to the correlation coefficients and adsorption capacity. The removal percentages of atrazine for HIOD301 and HAOD301 were still more than 95% in the presence of sodium chloride.
An equivalent-circuit model of Cu-carbon nanotube heterogeneous coaxial through-silicon vias (HCTSVs) in 3-D integrated circuits (3-D ICs) is proposed in this paper. Based on the complex effective ...conductivity method, the resistances and inductances of Cu-single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) HCTSVs and Cu-multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) HCTSVs are compared with that of Cu coaxial through-silicon vias (CTSVs). Furthermore, using the proposed model, the magnitudes of their insertion losses are compared. It is shown that the transmission performance of Cu-SWCNT HCTSVs with higher metallic fraction and Cu-MWCNT HCTSVs is better than that of Cu CTSVs, and the improvement of Cu-MWCNT HCTSVs is more obvious at high frequencies. Finally, the transmission characteristics of Cu-MWCNT HCTSVs are analyzed deeply to provide helpful design guidelines for them in future high-speed 3-D ICs.
ABSTRACTThe digital twin city technique maps the massive city environmental and social data on a three-dimensional virtual model. It presents the operational status of physical world and supports ...intelligent city governance. However, the inefficient utilization of distributed data resources, and the lack of sharing and collaboration among multiple departments restrict the data formulation of digital twin city construction. This research proposes a new cross-domain spatio-temporal data fusion framework for supporting complex urban governance. It integrates the heterogeneous urban information generated and stored by different government departments using multiple-information techniques. A specified geographic base reflecting the real city status is established, using geographical entities with unified address as identifiers to encapsulate the urban elements information. We introduce a comprehensive urban spatio-temporal data center construction process, which has already supported multiple urban governance projects. The two distinct advantages in using this data fusion system are: 1) The proposed Bert+PtrNet+ESIM-based address mapping method associates the urban elements information to their corresponding geographic entities with 99.3% F1-Score on real-world dataset. 2) The Wuhan spatio-temporal data center operation illustrates the capability of our framework for complex urban governance, which significantly improves the efficiency of urban management and services. This integrated system engineering provides reference and inspiration for further spatio-temporal data management, which contributes to the future social governance in digital twin city platform.
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