In the process of power compensation of the superconducting magnetic energy storage system (SMES) in the power grid, the existence of ac loss and eddy current loss will cause the magnet to heat up, ...and temperature rise is the main factor limiting the power output capability of SMES. This article proposes a state assessment method (SAM) that considers the temperature rise of the magnet. This method comprehensively considers the effects of the initial operating current ( I 0 ), initial temperature ( T 0 ), power response time ( t ), and output voltage ( U ) of the magnet on the temperature rise. Before SMES responds to the system power command, a magnet temperature estimation link is added to adjust the power command according to the magnet's possible temperature rise so as to ensure the magnet's safety. By simulating the operating conditions of 150 kJ/100 kW SMES in the microgrid, it is proved that the magnet's thermal stability is significantly improved after adding SAM, and the system operating parameters still meet the requirements within a particular response time. This method helps to maximize the power response potential of SMES under the premise of protecting the safety of the magnet.
Attention has become focused on resveratrol not only because of its role in grapevine fungal resistance but also because of its benefits in human health. This report describes the Chinese wild ...grapevine Vitis quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 in relation to the high resveratrol content of its ripe berries. In this study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) tandem mass spectrometry strategy to quantify and identify proteome changes, resulting in the detection of a total of 3,751 proteins produced under natural conditions. Among the proteins quantified, a total of 578 differentially expressed proteins were detected between Danfeng-2 and Cabernet Sauvignon during berry development. Differentially expressed proteins are involved in secondary metabolism, biotic stress, abiotic stress and transport activity and indicate novel biological processes in Chinese wild grapevine. Eleven proteins involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism and stilbene synthesis were differently expressed between Danfeng-2 and Cabernet Sauvignon at the veraison stage of berry development. These findings suggest that Chinese wild V. quinquangularis accession Danfeng-2 is an extremely important genetic resource for grape breeding and especially for increasing the resveratrol content of European grape cultivars for disease resistance and for improved human nutritional benefits.
Abstract
Background
Total occlusion is the most severe coronary lesion, indicating heavy ischemic burden and poor prognosis. The lipid profile is central to the development of atherosclerotic ...coronary lesions. Evidence on the optimal lipid measure to be monitored and managed in patients with established coronary artery disease (CAD) is inconclusive.
Methods
Total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c), lipoprotein (a) Lp(a), apolipoprotein B (apoB), non-HDL-c/HDL-c, and apoB/apoA-1 were analyzed in quintiles and as continuous variables. The associations of lipid measures with total occlusion were tested using logistic regression models, visualized with restricted cubic splines, and compared by areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Discordance analysis was performed when apoB/apoA-1 and non-HDL-c/HDL-c were not in concordance.
Results
The prospective cohort study included 10,003 patients (mean age: 58 years; women: 22.96%), with 1879 patients having total occlusion. The risks of total occlusion significantly increased with quintiles of Lp(a), non-HDL-c/HDL-c, and apoB/apoA-1 (all
p
for trend < 0.001). TG had no association with total occlusion. Restricted cubic splines indicate significant positive linear relations between the two ratios and total occlusion odds ratio per 1-standard deviation increase (95% confidence interval): non-HDL-c/HDL-c: 1.135 (1.095–1.176),
p
< 0.001; apoB/apoA-1: 2.590 (2.049–3.274),
p
< 0.001. The AUROCs of apoB/apoA-1 and non-HDL-c/HDL-c were significantly greater than those of single lipid measures. Elevation in the apoB/apoA-1 tertile significantly increased the risk of total occlusion at a given non-HDL-c/HDL-c tertile but not vice versa.
Conclusion
ApoB/apoA-1 confers better predictive power for total occlusion than non-HDL-c/HDL-c and single lipid measures in established CAD patients.
The structural robustness of the combat network of weapon system-of-systems (CNWSOS) has been widely used to characterise its operation ability and survivability in the integrated joint operations. ...In this paper, after introducing the concept of the operation loop, a directed CNWSOS network model is first put forward. Then, the directed natural connectivity, a new measure of the CNWSOS robustness that extends the concept of natural connectivity to the directed combat networks, is proposed to provide both a definite physical meaning and a simple mathematical formulation. Last, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed structural robustness measure are demonstrated using both numerical experiments and an empirical case study. The directed natural connectivity facilitates a more sensitive and precise quantitative analysis of the structural robustness, which in turn provides useful insights for designing a more robust CNWSOS, including improving the accuracy of intelligence acquisition, enhancing the communication capabilities of weapon systems, and strengthening the capability of precision strikes.
XueFu ZhuYu Decoction (XFZYD) is an effective prescription that is widely used to improve blood circulation by removing blood stasis. This study aimed to investigate the effects and the underlying ...molecular mechanisms of XFZYD on lung pyroptosis in cardiopulmonary bypass- (CPB-) induced acute lung injury (ALI) rats. A rat model of ALI was induced by CPB treatment after XFZYD, Ac-YVAD-CMK, and Bay-11-7082 administration. The respiratory index (RI) and oxygenation index (OI) were determined at each time point. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α in serum and lung were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Moreover, the protein levels, neutrophil counts, and total cell of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected. Additionally, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) expression was detected by immunohistochemical assay. Lung injury was evaluated with the wet/dry (W/D) ratio and pathologic changes, respectively. Besides, the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and IkB-α/NF-κB pathway proteins was estimated by immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Western blotting assays, respectively. XFZYD pretreatment significantly ameliorated pulmonary ventilation function and reduced the CPB-induced lung histopathological injury, inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and lung, and the apoptosis of lung cells. Interestingly, XFZYD decreased the CPB-induced NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 p20, Pro-GSDMD, GSDMD p30, IL-18, IL-1β p-P65, and p-IKBα mRNA or protein levels in lung tissues in ALI model rats. In summary, these findings suggest that XFZYD effectively mitigates NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis in CPB-induced ALI model rats, possibly by inhibiting the IkB-α/NF-κB pathway in the lung.
The no-insulation (NI) winding technique is a useful approach in high field magnets. As the operation current can pass through adjacent turns, radial characteristic resistance (including the ...resistance of stabilizer layer, substrate layer and turn-to-turn contact surface) becomes a decisive factor influencing the NI magnet's thermal stability and excitation delay behavior of NI magnet. Radial characteristic resistivity is mainly affected by the tape material and turn-to-turn contact stress. However, stress distribution in most design examples is scarcely considered, and a mean resistivity obtained through an experimental test is often used. To facilitate the NI magnet's realization of faster charging and lower excitation loss, a nonuniform winding prestress method is proposed to adjust the radial resistivity while maintaining the coil's mechanical stability. This paper investigates the pretightening force, thermal stress, and electromagnetic force in the process of manufacturing, cooling, and excitation of a high-temperature superconducting NI magnet. A distribution of the radial resistivity is obtained considering the varying tendency of radial resistivity under changing stress. An equivalent circuit model and finite element model are applied to analyze the NI coil's excitation characteristics. The results are compared with the mean resistivity value model and provide a theoretical basis for NI magnet design.
An HTS superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) can be utilized to improve the security and stability of the power grid with renewable energy generation. In different application scenarios, the ...requirements for capacity and power of the SMES varies, which needs the appropriate SMES allocation in the power grid. A cost estimation is the key component for the SMES allocation. Therefore, this paper proposed a cost estimation method of an HTS SMES, which synthetically considers the design, manufacture, operation, maintenance, and application scenarios. First, the cost estimation model of an HTS SMES was proposed based on the optimal superconducting magnet design. Then, adopting typical scenarios in the power grid, the economic capacity of SMES allocations were analyzed. Finally, the cost trend of an HTS SMES was carried out based on the development trend of assembly units.
According to engineering experience, the axial shrinkage caused by the refrigerant seriously endangers the performance of long-distance conductor on round core (CORC) cables. Since outage maintenance ...of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cables is inevitable, providing appropriate compensation for cyclic temperature is one of the key technologies in the actual application of power cables. Therefore, this paper presents an analytical solution for hollow CORC cables under thermo-mechanical loads. First, regarded as an axisymmetric composite structure, the radial temperature distribution of CORC cable under Dirichlet boundary or mixed boundary conditions was calculated. Then, assuming cable ends were axially fixed, a recursive method without variables is used to evaluate its displacement, strains, and stresses. Then, an algebraic method with axial strain as a variable is developed to analyze the mechanical behavior of the CORC cable more directly. Finally, concluded from the above derivation, a matrix equation is constructed based on continuity equations and boundary conditions, which applies to isotropic and orthotropic materials with orientations. Calculation results show that the analytical solution agrees with finite element method (FEM) results. Compared to the trial results of a 360 m CORC cable, the calculation error of axial shrinkage is within 1.63 cm, and the relative error is within 6.1%. In addition, the recursive method is the fastest to calculate axial strain, while the matrix method has a significant efficiency advantage in calculating the stresses and strains of each layer.
At least 12 months of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is 1 of the standards of care following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome. However, study on prolonged ...DAPT for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) without revascularization is limited. We studied 1,744 patients with AMI without revascularization from the China Acute Myocardial Infarction registry between January 2013 and September 2014. These patients were on DAPT and did not experience AMI, stroke, or bleeding events at the 12-month follow-up. We divided them into 2 groups: 12-month DAPT group (DAPT for at least 12 months but <18 months) and 18-month DAPT group (DAPT for at least 18 months). The primary outcome was 24-month all-cause death. Overall, 1,221 patients (70.0%) took DAPT for ≥12 months but <18 months, whereas 523 patients (30.0%) took DAPT for ≥18 months. The proportion of patients at high ischemic risk and the proportion of patients at high bleeding risk were similar in the 2 groups. At 24 months, the all-cause mortality rate of the 18-month DAPT group was significantly lower than that for the 12-month DAPT group (3.7% vs 5.9%, p = 0.0471). The adjusted hazard ratio for all-cause death also showed statistical significance (0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.99, p = 0.0444). In conclusion, DAPT for at least 18 months appears to be associated with lower 24-month mortality for non-revascularization AMI patients without events within 12 months after onset.
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