Excessive production of reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 is the pathological basis of chronic inflammatory diseases, as well as bacterial infection‐induced inflammation. Therefore, the in situ ...H2O2 level is a reliable biomarker of inflammatory responses, and its real‐time measurement can monitor disease progression and improve therapeutic outcomes in inflammation‐linked diseases. However, the currently used strategies for the diagnosis of inflammation is mainly through routine blood test, which are limited in determining the inflammation status and cannot provide comprehensive quantitative information. In this work, a novel H2O2‐responsive theranostic nanoplatform comprising Ag shell coated Pd‐tipped gold nanorods (Au–Pd@Ag NR) is developed. The etching and oxidation of the Ag shell by H2O2 release the Ag ions, which effectively kill bacteria in vivo and trigger their absorption variation at 700 and 1260 nm. The ratiometric photoacoustic (PA) imaging at 1260 and 700 nm (PA1260/PA700) accurately quantifies H2O2 in a mice model of bacterial infection and abdomen inflammation, even in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. The H2O2 activated second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) PA images of the probe can further precisely differentiate the inflammation region and normal tissue. This nanoplatform not only can quantify H2O2 during inflammation but also act as a potent antibacterial agent.
A novel Au–Pd@Ag nanoprobe is developed that can measure H2O2 in terms of the ratiometric change in photoacoustic imaging signals, clear bacterial infection, and reduce inflammation due to rapid and specific etching of the silver shell by H2O2.
A visible-light-induced defluorinative dichloromethylation of α-CF3 alkenes was developed with cheap and readily accessible chloroform simultaneously as a dichloromethylation reagent and reaction ...medium, leading to the facile preparation of new polyhalogenated scaffolds. Notably, the change from CHCl3 to CDCl3 offers a straightforward pathway for accessing the deuterated analogues with excellent degrees of D incorporation. Mechanistic studies suggested the reaction underwent a radical addition of the dichloromethyl radical with alkenes, followed by sequential single-electron transfer and defluorination. This protocol features mild conditions, easy operation, facile scalability, and high efficiency, allowing convenient access to dichloronated gem-difluoroalkenes.
Although evolutionary fates and expression patterns of duplicated genes have been extensively investigated, how duplicated genes co-regulate a biological process in polyploids remains largely ...unknown. Here, we identified two
gsdf
(gonadal somatic cell-derived factor) homeologous genes (
gsdf-A
and
gsdf-B
) in hexaploid gibel carp (
Carassius gibelio
), wherein each homeolog contained three highly conserved alleles. Interestingly,
gsdf-A
and
gsdf-B
transcription were mainly activated by
dmrt1-A
(dsx- and mab-3-related transcription factor 1) and
dmrt1-B
, respectively. Loss of either
gsdf-A
or
gsdf-B
alone resulted in partial male-to-female sex reversal and loss of both caused complete sex reversal, which could be rescued by a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor. Compensatory expression of
gsdf-A
and
gsdf-B
was observed in
gsdf-B
and
gsdf-A
mutants, respectively. Subsequently, we determined that in tissue culture cells, Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B both interacted with Ncoa5 (nuclear receptor coactivator 5) and blocked Ncoa5 interaction with Rora (retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha) to repress Rora/Ncoa5-induced activation of
cyp19a1a
(cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1a). These findings illustrate that Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B can regulate male differentiation by inhibiting
cyp19a1a
transcription in hexaploid gibel carp and also reveal that Gsdf-A and Gsdf-B can interact with Ncoa5 to suppress
cyp19a1a
transcription
in vitro
. This study provides a typical case of cooperative mechanism of duplicated genes in polyploids and also sheds light on the conserved evolution of sex differentiation.
To standardize the clinical application of implantable intravenous (IV) ports, the Chinese Society of Breast Surgery (CSBrS) of the Chinese Medical Association has identified the key clinical issues ...through literature research and expert discussion and evaluated the relevant evidence with reference to the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation. The CSBrS formulated the clinical practice guidelines to provide a reference for physicians specializing in breast cancer and other fields. Featured content Level of evidence Recommendation strength 6.1 Maintenance of IV ports by professionally trained health care professionals15 I Class A 6.2 Non-invasive needles should be used for puncture, with replacement of non-invasive needles every 7 days7 I Class A 6.3 Catheter return and flow smoothness should be assessed after puncture15 I Class A 6.4 Sterile dressings are required to cover the puncture point and sterile clear dressings should be changed at least every 7 days, with sterile gauze dressings changed at least every 2 days7 I 6.5 With syringes of 10 mL and above, the tube was flushed using a pulsatile maneuver and sealed by a positive-pressure maneuver15 II Class A 6.6 Tubes were flushed and sealed with saline or 100 U/mL heparin saline7,15 I Class A 6.7 Maintenance at least every 4 weeks between treatments7 I Class A Discussion Implantable IV port indications and choice of access IV ports have changed the paradigm of care for patients receiving long-term infusions of cytotoxic or hyperosmolar, viscous drugs. References 1.Ye, JMGuo, BLLiu, QMa, FLiu, HJWu, Q. Clinical practice guidelines for sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with early-stage breast cancer:
A novel salt-inclusion fluoroiodate GaF(H
2
O)IO
3
F derived from CsIO
2
F
2
was ingeniously obtained through anisotropic polycation substitution. Because the catenulate GaF(H
2
O)
2+
framework ...serves as a template for the favorable assembly of the polar IO
3
F
2−
groups and contributes to the nonlinear coefficient, GaF(H
2
O)IO
3
F exhibits a greatly improved second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect of 10 times that of KH
2
PO
4
(KDP) and a considerable band gap of 4.34 eV compared to the parent compound CsIO
2
F
2
(3 × KDP, 4.5 eV). Particularly, to the best of our knowledge, GaF(H
2
O)IO
3
F has the largest laser-induced damage threshold (LDT) of 140 × AgGgS
2
of the reported iodates. All these results signify that GaF(H
2
O)IO
3
F is a promising nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal. This work also proposes that anisotropic polycation substitution is an effective approach to optimize the SHG effect and develop excellent NLO materials.
A novel salt-inclusion fluoroiodate nonlinear optical material, GaF(H
2
O)IO
3
F, is derived from CsIO
2
F
2
through polycation substitution, and it exhibits an intense SHG effect of 10 times that of KH
2
PO
4
and improved overall performance.
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to its high metastatic ability. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential during both follicular rupture and epithelium ...regeneration. However, it may also accelerate the progression of ovarian carcinomas. Experimental studies have found that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin-D3 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ can inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ could inhibit the migration of ovarian cancer cells via regulating EMT. We established a model of transient transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced EMT in human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line SKOV-3 cells. Results showed that, compared with control, 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ not only inhibited the migration and the invasion of SKOV-3 cells, but also promoted the acquisition of an epithelial phenotype of SKOV-3 cells treated with TGF-β1. We discovered that 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ increased the expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and decreased the level of mesenchymal marker, Vimentin, which was associated with the elevated expression of VDR. Moreover, 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ reduced the expression level of transcription factors of EMT, such as slug, snail, and β-catenin. These results indicate that 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ suppresses the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by inhibiting EMT, implying that 1α,25(OH)₂D₃ might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
•An effective electrode material Bi2O3@NPBi was prepared by a dealloying method.•A Bi2O3@NPBi electrochemical sensor was developed for detecting heavy metal ions.•The LOD of Pb2+ and Cd2+ detected by ...Bi2O3@NPBi sensor is lower than other Bi-based sensors.
Ultrasensitive detection of heavy metal ions through electrochemical methods is a longstanding research topic. One of the most compelling subjects is preparation of modified electrodes with a high specific surface area as well as fast response characteristics. In this study, novel bismuth oxide surface-decorated nanoporous bismuth (Bi2O3@NPBi) was prepared through a typical dealloying method, where a bicontinuous ligament–channel structure greatly improved the electrically active surface area and electron conduction. The Bi2O3@NPBi-modified electrode was employed to detect heavy metal ions using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV), and the corresponding limits of detection (LOD) were 0.02 and 0.03 µg/L for simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+. Due to the high cycling stability and capacity of bismuth oxides, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the response currents using Bi2O3@NPBi was less than 4.16%, which is very considerably lower than the RSD of NPBi. Furthermore, a Bi2O3@NPBi-modified electrode was used to determine the concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ in tap water samples, and excellent recovery figures were obtained as there is little interference from other co-existing ions. In conclusion, the Bi2O3@NPBi-modified electrode showed good reusability and feasibility for quality assurance in agricultural, food and environmental applications.
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 6 (TRIP6) it is an adaptor protein belonging to the zyxin family of LIM proteins, participating in signaling events through interactions with various molecules. ...Despite this, TRIP6's role in colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly its correlation with glucose metabolism and immune cell infiltration, remains unclear. Through the TCGA and GEO databases, we obtained RNA sequencing data to facilitate our in-depth study and analysis of TRIP6 expression. To investigate the prognostic value of TRIP6 in CRC, we also used univariate Cox regression analysis. In addition, this study also covered a series of analyses, including clinicopathological analysis, functional enrichment analysis, glycolysis correlation analysis, immunoinfiltration analysis, immune checkpoint analysis, and angiogenesis correlation analysis, to gain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of this biological phenomenon. It has been found that TRIP6 expression is significantly upregulated in CRC and correlates with the stage of the disease. Its overexpression portends a worse survival time. Functional enrichment analysis reveals that TRIP6 is associated with focal adhesion and glycolysis. Mechanistically, TRIP6 appears to exert its tumorigenic effect by regulating the glycolysis-related gene GPI. A higher level of expression of TRIP6 is associated with an increase in the number of iDC immune cells and a decrease in the number of Th1 immune cells. Also, TRIP6 may promote angiogenesis in tumor cells by promoting the expression of JAG2. Our study uncovers the upregulation of TRIP6 in CRC, illuminating its prognostic and diagnostic value within this context. Furthermore, we examine the relationship between TRIP6 expression levels, glycolysis, angiogenesis and immune cell infiltration. This underscores its potential as a biomarker for CRC treatment and as a therapeutic target.
Defensive behavior, a group of responses that evolved due to threatening stimuli, is crucial for animal survival in the natural environment. For defensive measures to be timely and successful, a high ...arousal state and immediate sleep-to-wakefulness transition are required. Recently, the glutamatergic basal forebrain (BF) has been implicated in sleep-wake regulation; however, the associated physiological functions and underlying neural circuits remain unknown. Here, using in vivo fiber photometry, we found that BF glutamatergic neuron is activated by various threatening stimuli, including predator odor, looming threat, sound, and tail suspension. Optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic neurons induced a series of context-dependent defensive behaviors in mice, including escape, fleeing, avoidance, and hiding. Similar to the effects of activated BF glutamatergic cell body, photoactivation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) strongly drove defensive behaviors in mice. Using synchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyogram (EMG) recording, we showed that photoactivation of the glutamatergic BF-VTA pathway produced an immediate transition from sleep to wakefulness and significantly increased wakefulness. Collectively, our results clearly demonstrated that the glutamatergic BF is a key neural substrate involved in wakefulness and defensive behaviors, and encodes these behaviors through glutamatergic BF-VTA pathway. Overexcitation of the glutamatergic BF-VTA pathway may be implicated in clinical psychiatric diseases characterized by exaggerated defensive responses, such as autism spectrum disorders.
•Glutamatergic neurons in the BF responses to various threatening stimuli.•Optogenetic activation of BF glutamatergic neurons triggers a range of context-dependent defensive behaviors.•Activation of BF glutamatergic terminals in the VTA also strongly promotes defensive behavior.•Photoactivating glutamatergic BF-VTA pathway induces transition to wakefulness and increases amount of wakefulness.
College freshmen tend to have more psychological and behavioral problems compared with other populations, especially depressive symptoms. Perceived parental control has been proved to play a ...significant role in mental health among children and adolescents. Based on the theoretical and empirical research of chronotype and sleep quality, this study constructed a chain mediating model to examine whether they mediated the relationship between parental control and depressive symptoms among Chinese college freshmen.
A total of 2014 college freshmen from Dali University were recruited to participate in this study and completed self-report Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). PROCESS 3.5 for SPSS was applied to determine the chain mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality between parental control and depressive symptoms.
College freshmen with depressive symptoms have higher levels of parental control and worse subjective sleep quality than normal population (all p < 0.001). All study variables are correlated with each other, while chronotype has no significant association with depressive symptoms (r = −0.03, p > 0.05). Both maternal and paternal control have a direct link with depressive symptoms (β = 0.86, p < 0.001; β = 0.88, p < 0.001). Parental control could affect depressive symptoms via the independent mediating effect of sleep quality and the chain mediating effect of chronotype and sleep quality. The total indirect effects of maternal and paternal control on depressive symptoms are 0.93 and 0.94, respectively.
Chronotype and sleep quality could mediate the association between parental control and depressive symptoms.
•This is the first study to take both chronotype and sleep quality into consideration in a chain mediation model.•Depressive symptoms were affected by parental control partly through 3 different pathways.•No unique simple mediation effects were found for chronotype.•This study aims to improve the mental health of adolescents and reduce the adverse consequences of depressive symptoms.
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