A City Against Empire is the history of the anti-imperialist movement in 1920s Mexico City. It combines intellectual, social, and urban history to shed light on the city’s role as an important global ...hub for anti-imperialism, exile activism, political art, and solidarity campaigns. After the Russian and the Mexican Revolution, Mexico City became a space and a symbol of global anti-imperialism. Radical politicians, artists, intellectuals, scientists, migrants, and revolutionary tourists took advantage of the urban environment to develop their visions of an anti-imperialism for the twentieth-century. These actors imagined national self-determination, international solidarity, and an emancipation from what they called “the West.” Global, local, and urban factors interacted to transform Mexico City into the most important hub for radicalism in the Americas. By weaving together the intellectual history of Mexico, the urban and social histories of Mexico City, and the global history of anti-imperialist movements in the 1920s, this books analyses the perfect storm of anti-imperialism in Mexico City.
Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and is involved in a variety of tumor-promoting activities such as matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, chemotherapy ...resistance, and immunosuppression. Because FAP shows low expression in most normal organs, it presents an interesting target for imaging and endoradiotherapy. In this investigation, FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) were modified and optimized for use as theranostic tracers.
FAPIs based on a quinoline structure were synthesized and characterized with respect to binding, internalization, and efflux in cells expressing human and murine FAP as well as CD26. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in tumor-bearing animals with biodistribution experiments and small-animal PET. Finally, a proof-of-concept approach toward imaging and therapy was chosen for 2 patients with metastasized breast cancer.
Of 15 synthesized FAPIs, FAPI-04 was identified as the most promising tracer for clinical application. Compared with the previously published ligand, FAPI-02, FAPI-04 showed excellent stability in human serum, higher affinity for FAP as opposed to CD26, and slower excretion in vitro. In vivo, a higher SUV was reached in tumor-bearing animals, leading to larger areas under the curve as calculated from biodistribution experiments. Finally, PET/CT scans with
Ga-FAPI-04 in 2 patients with metastasized breast cancer revealed high tracer uptake in metastases and a reduction in pain symptoms after therapy with a considerably low dose of
Y-FAPI-04.
FAPI-04 represents a promising tracer for both diagnostic imaging and, possibly, targeted therapy of malignant tumors with a high content of activated fibroblasts, such as breast cancer.
Face centred cubic (fcc) phase high-entropy alloys (HEA) exhibit a higher ductility compared to body centred cubic (bcc) phase or multiphase HEA systems. However, low hardness and low wear resistance ...prevent tribological applications. A precipitation hardening of the fcc phase CoCrFeMnNi and the manganese-free CoCrFeNi alloy was performed by powder-pack boriding. The microstructure, the phase formation and the wear resistance were investigated. The successful diffusion of elements is proven by the formation of a silicon‑boron-rich double layer, causing precipitation which leads to segregation within the enriched surface layer. A multiphase microstructure can be observed for both alloys. The thickness of the silicon-rich surface layer extends for the manganese-free alloy with a higher nickel content. An increase in microhardness and wear resistance was measured for the borided samples. The correlation of structural and mechanical properties contributes to a better understanding of the material behaviour of thermochemically treated HEAs. In the context of current efforts to improve wear resistance, the presented results provide a new approach of surface hardening HEA systems.
•Powder-pack boriding of two fcc phase High-Entropy Alloy systems was studied.•Successful diffusion enrichment was observed using the most common boriding routine.•Hardness and wear resistance were significantly increased.•The wear mechanisms were investigated depending on treatment and wear condition.•Additional silicon diffusion enrichment was found in the borided layers.
The tumor stroma, which accounts for a large part of the tumor mass, represents an attractive target for the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. Here, the focus is notably on a ...subpopulation of stromal cells, known as cancer-associated fibroblasts, which are present in more than 90% of epithelial carcinomas, including pancreatic, colon, and breast cancer. Cancer-associated fibroblasts feature high expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP), which is not detectable in adult normal tissue but is associated with a poor prognosis in cancer patients.
We developed an iodinated and a DOTA-coupled radiotracer based on a FAP-specific enzyme inhibitor (FAPI) and evaluated them in vitro using uptake, competition, and efflux studies as well as confocal microscopy of a fluorescence-labeled variant. Furthermore, we performed imaging and biodistribution studies on tumor-bearing animals. Finally, proof of concept was realized by imaging patients with
Ga-labeled FAPI.
Both FAPIs showed high specificity, affinity, and rapid internalization into FAP-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution studies on tumor-bearing mice and on the first cancer patients demonstrated high intratumoral uptake of the tracer and fast body clearance, resulting in high-contrast images and negligible exposure of healthy tissue to radiation. A comparison with the commonly used radiotracer
F-FDG in a patient with locally advanced lung adenocarcinoma revealed that the new FAP ligand was clearly superior.
Radiolabeled FAPIs allow fast imaging with very high contrast in tumors having a high stromal content and may therefore serve as pantumor agents. Coupling of these molecules to DOTA or other chelators allows labeling not only with
Ga but also with therapeutic isotopes such as
Lu or
Y.
The novel alloying concept of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) has been the focus of many recent investigations revealing an interesting combination of properties. Alloying with aluminium and titanium ...showed strong influence on microstructure and phase composition. However, detailed investigations on the influence of titanium are lacking. In this study, the influence of titanium in the alloy system AlCoCrFeNiTi
x
was studied in a wide range (molar ratios x = 0.0; 0.2; 0.5; 0.8; 1.0; 1.5). Detailed studies investigating the microstructure, chemical composition, phase composition, solidification behaviour, and wear behaviour were carried out. Alloying with titanium showed strong influence on the resulting microstructure and lead to an increase of microstructural heterogeneity. Phase analyses revealed the formation of one body-centred cubic (bcc) phase for the alloy without titanium, whereas alloying with titanium caused the formation of two different bcc phases as main phases. Additional phases were detected for alloys with increased titanium content. For x ≥ 0.5, a minor phase with face-centred cubic (fcc) structure was formed. Further addition of titanium led to the formation of complex phases. Investigation of wear behaviour revealed a superior wear resistance of the alloy AlCoCrFeNiTi
0.5
as compared to a bearing steel sample.
In this work the performance stability of rear side passivated multicrystalline silicon solar cells and modules under carrier injection at different temperatures is investigated. Compared to most ...other tests the degradation procedure were extended to significantly longer time periods and include relevant module temperatures in field. Severe power degradation levels of above 10% can be detected after several hundred to thousand hours (corresponding ~5–20 years depending on the location) which cannot be explained by B–O complex formation or FeB pair dissociation. After detection of this light induced degradation at temperatures above 50°C the common abbreviation LID was renamed and state more precisely Light and elevated Temperature Induced Degradation (LeTID). A high number of cells and modules degraded in laboratory and outdoor using material from different wafer suppliers confirm the relevance of this effect. LeTID is a multicrystalline silicon bulk phenomenon leading to a highly injection dependent lifetime characteristic after degradation and features a regeneration phase after degradation. The time constant of this degradation mechanism accelerates with increasing temperature, however, the time span for degradation and regeneration of thousands of hours at relevant temperatures between 60 and 85°C demands for a solution on wafer material or processing side. LeTID can be significantly reduced by adapting the cell process and processing sequence.
•Characterization of a mc-PERC degradation effect called LeTID.•LeTID is a strong Si material effect.•Higher injection densities or increased temperature accelerate the degradation.•Avoidance of LeTID by adapting the cell process and processing sequence.
High hardness and good wear resistance have been revealed for the high-entropy alloy (HEA) system AlCoCrFeNiTi, confirming the potential for surface protection applications. Detailed studies to ...investigate the microstructure and phase formation have been carried out using different production routes. Powder metallurgical technologies allow for much higher flexibility in the customisation of materials compared to casting processes. Particularly, spark plasma sintering (SPS) enables the fast processing of the feedstock, the suppression of grain coarsening and the production of samples with a low porosity. Furthermore, solid lubricants can be incorporated for the improvement of wear resistance and the reduction of the coefficient of friction (COF). This study focuses on the production of AlCoCrFeNiTi composites comprising solid lubricants. Bulk materials with a MoS₂ content of up to 15 wt % were produced. The wear resistance and COF were investigated in detail under sliding wear conditions in ball-on-disk tests at room temperature and elevated temperature. At least 10 wt % of MoS₂ was required to improve the wear behaviour in both test conditions. Furthermore, the effects of the production route and the content of solid lubricant on microstructure formation and phase composition were investigated. Two major body-centred cubic (bcc) phases were detected in accordance with the feedstock. The formation of additional phases indicated the decomposition of MoS₂.
CXCR4-targeted theranostics in oncology Buck, Andreas K.; Serfling, Sebastian E.; Lindner, Thomas ...
European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging,
10/2022, Volume:
49, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A growing body of literature reports on the upregulation of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in a variety of cancer entities, rendering this receptor as suitable target for molecular imaging ...and endoradiotherapy in a theranostic setting. For instance, the CXCR4-targeting positron emission tomography (PET) agent
68
GaPentixaFor has been proven useful for a comprehensive assessment of the current status quo of solid tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma or small-cell lung cancer. In addition,
68
GaPentixaFor has also provided an excellent readout for hematological malignancies, such as multiple myeloma, marginal zone lymphoma, or mantle cell lymphoma. PET-based quantification of the CXCR4 capacities in vivo allows for selecting candidates that would be suitable for treatment using the theranostic equivalent
177
Lu/
90
YPentixaTher. This CXCR4-directed theranostic concept has been used as a conditioning regimen prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and to achieve sufficient anti-lymphoma/-tumor activity in particular for malignant tissues that are highly sensitive to radiation, such as the hematological system. Increasing the safety margin, pretherapeutic dosimetry is routinely performed to determine the optimal activity to enhance therapeutic efficacy and to reduce off-target adverse events. The present review will provide an overview of current applications for CXCR4-directed molecular imaging and will introduce the CXCR4-targeted theranostic concept for advanced hematological malignancies.
Laser structuring is by far the most investigated metal surface-pretreatment method for creating adhesion in polymer-metal hybrids. Especially, cone-like protrusions show excellent wetting behaviour ...as well as high compound strength. However, the processing time is extremely high. Therefore, this paper assesses a process strategy for creating pin structures with scalable height by single pulse drilling with an Nd/YVO
nanosecond laser system on EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy. The strength testing is carried out by butt-bonded hollow cylinder torsion. The samples are manufactured by heat-conduction thermal joining with polyamide 6. Ten different surface structures with two different ablation diameters are investigated and compared to cone-like protrusions in terms of processing time, wetting behaviour, shear strength and fracture behaviour. The experimental results show that pulse drilling pins structures with high aspect ratio reach-strength values close to cone-like protrusions but with 31 times higher processing rate.
How were solidarity campaigns transnationally organized and locally performed? To answer this question, this paper examines anti-imperialist solidarity campaigns and their role in the politics of ...Mexico City in the 1920s. The paper analyzes two political movements: the campaign against the conviction of the Italian-American anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti in the United States and the campaign in solidarity with rebel general Augusto César Sandino who fought against US troops in his native Nicaragua. Transnational solidarity campaigns, it is argued, were an important link between local radical activism and global movements as solidarity had to be performed locally and envisioned globally. Demonstrations, economic boycotts, and public fundraising campaigns were means to perform solidarity in the city, linking local activism to the global anti-imperialist movement. With the example of activism in Mexico City in the post-revolutionary 1920s, this paper analyzes performative and ideological change over time and how the asymmetric potential of localization and globalization affect transnational solidarity campaigns.
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