Exact solutions of spherically symmetric black hole and gravitational wave are explored in
f
(
R
) gravity in arbitrary dimension. We find two exact solutions for the radiation and absorption of null ...dust. In the framework of general relativity, the Birkhoff theorem strictly forbids the existence of spherical gravitational waves in vacuum space. We find spherical non-perturbative gravitational waves, which are shear-free, twist-free, but expanding.
•A mesophilic temperature (44 °C) can enhance conversion rate of corn stover to CH4.•Biomethane potential assays confirmed that more organic matter degraded in R44.•Biogas production rate was highest ...at 44 °C among mesophilic temperatures studied.•The abundance of bacterial and archaeal community was varied with temperature.
Temperature has different effects on anaerobic digestion (AD) of various biomasses, which could bring out changes in microbial communities. The relationship between microbial community and methane production at 35 °C (R35), 38 °C (R38), 41 °C (R41), and 44 °C (R44) was analyzed during AD of corn stover (CS). The results showed that the daily biogas and methane production from R44 were 16.6%–42.4% and 16.2%–40.6% higher than yields from R35, R38 and R41, respectively. The abundance of Bacteroidetes in R35, R38 and R41 was relatively close (30.70%–39.36%), which was low in R44 (16.00%). The abundance of Firmicutes in R35 was 32.30%, however, Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum at R44 (66.58%). The abundance of Miscellaneous_Crenarchaeotic_Group and Euryarchaeota were 54.63 ± 6.47% and 44.43 ± 6.73% across all digesters. This research demonstrated that among all temperatures studied, 44 °C could enhance the conversion efficiency of the substrates to methane and be recommended for better conversion of CS in AD process.
In order to study how to use pulmonary functional imaging obtained through 4D-CT fusion for radiotherapy planning, and transform traditional dose volume parameters into functional dose volume ...parameters, a functional dose volume parameter model that may reduce level 2 and above radiation pneumonia was obtained. 41 pulmonary tumor patients who underwent 4D-CT in our department from 2020 to 2023 were included. MIM Software (MIM 7.0.7; MIM Software Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) was used to register adjacent phase CT images in the 4D-CT series. The three-dimensional displacement vector of CT pixels was obtained when changing from one respiratory state to another respiratory state, and this three-dimensional vector was quantitatively analyzed. Thus, a color schematic diagram reflecting the degree of changes in lung CT pixels during the breathing process, namely the distribution of ventilation function strength, is obtained. Finally, this diagram is fused with the localization CT image. Select areas with Jacobi > 1.2 as high lung function areas and outline them as fLung. Import the patient's DVH image again, fuse the lung ventilation image with the localization CT image, and obtain the volume of fLung different doses (V60, V55, V50, V45, V40, V35, V30, V25, V20, V15, V10, V5). Analyze the functional dose volume parameters related to the risk of level 2 and above radiation pneumonia using R language and create a predictive model. By using stepwise regression and optimal subset method to screen for independent variables V35, V30, V25, V20, V15, and V10, the prediction formula was obtained as follows: Risk = 0.23656-0.13784 * V35 + 0.37445 * V30-0.38317 * V25 + 0.21341 * V20-0.10209 * V15 + 0.03815 * V10. These six independent variables were analyzed using a column chart, and a calibration curve was drawn using the calibrate function. It was found that the Bias corrected line and the Apparent line were very close to the Ideal line, The consistency between the predicted value and the actual value is very good. By using the ROC function to plot the ROC curve and calculating the area under the curve: 0.8475, 95% CI 0.7237-0.9713, it can also be determined that the accuracy of the model is very high. In addition, we also used Lasso method and random forest method to filter out independent variables with different results, but the calibration curve drawn by the calibration function confirmed poor prediction performance. The function dose volume parameters V35, V30, V25, V20, V15, and V10 obtained through 4D-CT are key factors affecting radiation pneumonia. Establishing a predictive model can provide more accurate lung restriction basis for clinical radiotherapy planning.
This article analyzed the dynamic relationship among economic growth, urbanization, transportation and carbon emissions. First, it calculated carbon emissions of transportation industry. It conducted ...a comparative analysis of emissions structure. Then, it analysed the dynamic relationship among variables using the VAR model. Finally, the interaction between short- medium-long term variables was studied based on the impulse response model. The results show that the carbon emissions of transportation industry have grown significantly, and the optimization of energy structure has a certain role in promoting carbon emission reduction. There is a positive correlation from urbanization, economic growth, and transportation to carbon emissions. Urbanization has a positive impact on carbon emissions. The correlation from carbon emissions to economic growth and transportation is not significant.
With the concept of quality education put forward, students’ sports activities have received extensive attention from society. As a result, sports injuries among students during sports have also ...aroused widespread concern, so it is an irreversible trend to detect sports injuries. The development of multimedia intelligent 3D image technology also provides technical support for sports injury detection, which makes it possible to automatically detect sports injuries. In this paper, an automatic detection system for sports injuries was designed based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image technology, and the related content was evaluated. In the investigation of the parts of students’ sports injuries, it was concluded that the injury rate of the students’ ankle joints was the highest; in the investigation of the types of sports injuries among students, it was concluded that students were more likely to suffer from joint sprains; in the project investigation of students’ sports injuries, it was concluded that students were more prone to sports injuries in ball games with a large amount of exercise; in the investigation of the causes of students’ sports injuries, it was concluded that the main reasons for students’ sports injuries were physical insufficiency and a bad venue environment; in terms of the performance evaluation of the sports injury detection system, it was concluded that the accuracy, effectiveness, authenticity, and efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system based on multimedia intelligent three-dimensional image processing technology had been improved to different degrees compared with the traditional sports injury detection methods. Therefore, the detection efficiency of the sports injury automatic detection system proposed in this paper was improved by 5.7% compared with the traditional sports injury detection method.
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), the toxin protein secreted by
, can cause staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks and seriously threaten global public health. However, little is known about the ...pathogenesis of SEA in staphylococcal foodborne diseases. In this study, the effect of SEA on intestinal barrier injury and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was investigated by exposing BALB/c mice to SEA with increasing doses and a potential toxic mechanism was elucidated. Our findings suggested that SEA exposure provoked villi injury and suppressed the expression of ZO-1 and occludin proteins, thereby inducing intestinal barrier dysfunction and small intestinal injury in mice. Concurrently, SEA significantly up-regulated the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated proteins and triggered the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathways in jejunum tissues. Notably, selective inhibitors of MAPKs and NF-κB p65 ameliorated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome stimulated by SEA, which further indicated that SEA could activate NLRP3 inflammasome through NF-κB/MAPK pathways. In summary, SEA was first confirmed to induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and activate NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways. These findings will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SEA and related drug-screening for the treatment and prevention of bacteriotoxin-caused foodborne diseases via targeting specific pathways.
Although nanostructuring strategies can greatly enhance the hardness of diamond, a large amount of grain boundaries were involved, and little research has been reported on the effect of grain ...boundaries on the indentation hardness and plastic deformation of diamond. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we have systematically investigated the diamond symmetrical 〈001〉 tilt grain boundaries under Vickers indentations. Our results indicate that the smaller the misorientation angle is, the more favorable for the hardness enhancement of diamond. For the symmetrical 〈001〉 tilt grain boundaries models with misorientation angles smaller than 36.87°, the plastic deformations are mainly resulted from the dislocation propagation mode. For the grain boundaries with misorientation angles larger than 36.87°, the plastic deformation is mainly through the atomic disordering mode, accompanied with the dislocation mode. The effects of grain boundaries on dislocation activities and atomic disordering transformations are systematically discussed. The results presented in this work not only answered the question about the effect of symmetrical 〈001〉 tilt grain boundaries on the hardness of diamond, but also offers fundamental insights for understanding the indentation induced plastic deformation mechanisms of diamond grain boundaries, which could provide reference data for the design of novel nano structured superhard materials.
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•The hardness of ∑41(190) grain boundary model is higher than that of (001) plane of diamond.•Increasing of misorientation angle is unfavorable for the hardness improvement of polycrystalline diamond.•Dislocations activities and atomic disordering transformations are two modes of plastic deformations.•Increasing misorientation angle weakens the inhibition of grain boundary on dislocation and atomic disordering activities.
Background
Lung cancer mainly includes non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main subtype of NSCLC. Long non‐coding RNAs (LncRNAs) had been found to exert numerous ...functions on the progressions of cancers. MicroRNAs often exist as the target of LncRNAs to regulate a series of signaling pathways in human. We explored the effects and molecular mechanism of LncRNA SGMS1‐AS1 on the procedures of LUAD cells.
Methods
The ENCORI and GEPIA databases were used to analyze the differences in SGMS1, miR‐106a‐5p, and MYLIP between LUAD and normal tissue. Their expression levels were examined by RT‐PCR. CCK8, colony formation, migration, and invasion assay were conducted in LUAD cells which had silenced SGMS1‐AS1. To verify the relationship between SGMS1‐AS1, miR‐106a‐5p, and MYLIP, we overexpressed miR‐106a‐5p inhibitor or MYLIP in LUAD cells after decreasing SGMS1‐AS1 and repeated the above assays.
Results
SGMS1‐AS1 was downregulated in LUAD tissue as well as cells, which was related to good prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, knockdown of SGMS1‐AS1 promoted proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression of LUAD cells, which meant that SGMS1‐AS1 inhibited the progression of LUAD cells. Furthermore, miR‐106a‐5p was the direct target of SGMS1‐AS1 and transfecting miR‐106a‐5p inhibitor could reversed the impact induced by knockdown of SGMS1‐AS1. Subsequently, we found that MYLIP was the target of miR‐106a‐5p, which was negatively correlated with miR‐106a‐5p, but had high positive correlation with SGMS1‐AS1. Consistently, overexpression MYLIP partly eliminated the effects on A549 cells induced by silencing of SGMS1‐AS1.
Conclusion
LncRNA SGMS1‐AS1 inhibits the proliferation, invasion, migration and EMT progression of LUAD cells via targeting miR‐106a‐5p/MYLIP axis.
SGMS1‐AS1 is downregulated in LUAD and is correlated to good prognosis of patients. (a) The GEPIA and ENCORI databases illustrate that the expression of SGMS1‐AS1 is abnormal in multiple cancers and lower in LUAD tissue compared to normal tissue. (b) The overall survival rate of LUAD patients with a low level of SGMS1‐AS1 is poor according to the ENCORI website. (c) Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) was conducted to compare the expression level of SGMS1‐AS1 between LUAD and adjacent tissues of 18 patients. (d) The result of qRT‐PCR revealed that the mRNA level of SGMS1‐AS1 in LUAD cell lines (A549, H1975, and PC9) was consistently lower than that in normal cell lines human bronchial epithelioid cells (HBE).
Pairing a single visual stimulus with multiple auditory stimuli will lead to the illusory perception of multiple visual stimuli, which is known as sound-induced flash illusion (SIFI). The present ...study adopted the classic SIFI paradigm to investigate whether value-associated tasks could affect the SIFI. By adjusting the sequence of reward and nonreward conditions, we also examined the effect of reward history on SIFI. The results showed that the fission illusion was reduced when associated with momentary reward, demonstrating significantly higher accuracy and discriminability than the nonreward condition. However, the fusion illusion was not affected by the momentary reward, and the explanation was that the fusion illusion was not as stable as the fission illusion and disappeared across different trials and conditions. Moreover, the robustness of reward history in the present study was not as strong as previous studies have suggested, indicating that the effect of sound on the perceptual representation of visual stimuli is strong and robust to reward history. These findings demonstrated that the reward could reduce the SIFI and broaden the existing dichotomy of SIFI. New evidence for the operation of value-driven attention mechanisms is also provided, suggesting that the underlying value-driven attention operates across multiple sensory systems.
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) play crucial roles in transcriptional repression and developmental regulation in both plants and animals. In plants, depletion of different members of PRCs causes ...both overlapping and unique phenotypic defects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism determining the target specificity and functional diversity is not sufficiently characterized. Here, we quantitatively compared changes of tri-methylation at H3K27 in Arabidopsis mutants deprived of various key PRC components. We show that CURLY LEAF (CLF), a major catalytic subunit of PRC2, coordinates with different members of PRC1 in suppression of distinct plant developmental programs. We found that expression of flower development genes is repressed in seedlings preferentially via non-redundant role of CLF, which specifically associated with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1). In contrast, expression of embryo development genes is repressed by PRC1-catalytic core subunits AtBMI1 and AtRING1 in common with PRC2-catalytic enzymes CLF or SWINGER (SWN). This context-dependent role of CLF corresponds well with the change in H3K27me3 profiles, and is remarkably associated with differential co-occupancy of binding motifs of transcription factors (TFs), including MADS box and ABA-related factors. We propose that different combinations of PRC members distinctively regulate different developmental programs, and their target specificity is modulated by specific TFs.
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