Purpose: The study aimed to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from partially
matched related donors (PMRD) and unrelated donors (URD) for ...hematologic malignancies without the use of in vitro T cell depletion.
Experimental Design: HSCT was done on 297 consecutive patients from URDs ( n = 78) and PMRDs ( n = 219) during the same time period. Incidences of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, nonrelapse mortality, overall
survival, and leukemia-free survival between the PMRD and URD groups were compared.
Results: All patients achieved full engraftment. The cumct65ulative incidences of grades II to IV acute GVHD in the PMRD and URD cohorts
were 47% 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 33-62% versus 31% (CI, 20-42%; P = 0.033), with a relative risk of 1.72 (95% CI, 1.01-2.94; P = 0.046). The incidence of chronic GVHD did not differ significantly between the two cohorts ( P = 0.17). The 2-year incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 20% (CI, 15-26%) versus 18% (CI, 10-27%), with P = 0.98, and 12% (CI, 8-16%) versus 18% (CI, 10-27%), with P = 0.12, for the PMRD versus the URD cohort, respectively. The 4-year overall survival and leukemia-free survival were 74%
(CI, 67-80%) versus 74% (CI, 62-85%), with P = 0.98, and 67% (CI, 59-75%) versus 61% (CI, 47-74%), with P = 0.74, respectively.
Conclusions: Our comparisons show that every major end point, including relapse, nonrelapse mortality, overall survival, and leukemia-free
survival, was comparable between the PMRD and the URD groups.
Consider the max-min fairness linear transceiver design problem for a multi-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) interference channel. When the channel knowledge is perfectly known, this problem can ...be formulated as the maximization of the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) utility, subject to individual power constraints at each transmitter. We prove in this paper that, if the number of antennas is at least two at each transmitter (receiver) and is at least three at each receiver (transmitter), the max-min fairness linear transceiver design problem is computationally intractable as the number of users becomes large. In fact, even the problem of checking the feasibility of a given set of target SINR levels is strongly NP-hard. We then propose two iterative algorithms to solve the max-min fairness linear transceiver design problem. The transceivers generated by these algorithms monotonically improve the min-rate utility and are guaranteed to converge to a stationary solution. The efficiency and performance of the proposed algorithms compare favorably with solutions obtained from the channel matched beamforming or the leakage interference minimization.
Massive physical devices are deployed in the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) to collect ambiance data while heavy storage and communication cost are imposed on these IoT devices. To overcome this ...constraint, cloud-assisted technologies are introduced to store and manage the collected data. In order to protect data quality and security, encryption is required before uploading data to remote clouds. Consequently, a search function is added to cloud services to find the specific data. However, traditional data searching schemes are constructed in user-oriented systems, where the search function is mainly involved with the relationship between data and users rather than data and devices. As a result, traditional search schemes are not suitable to find special IoT devices. On the other hand, the status of these devices is described by many attributes, e.g., temperature, clean water storage, and machine speed in an early warning system for industrial sewage disposal equipment. Hence, multi-keyword conjunctive queries for partial attributes should be introduced so as to find the target device more accurately and more efficiently. To address these challenges, we propose a new universal device-oriented keyword searchable encryption (Do-KSE) scheme for cloud-assisted IoT in this paper. Furthermore, the functions of a single and conjunctive keyword search are maintained to handle the device search requirement of partial attributes. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that our scheme has excellent performance because of the lightweight index and query trapdoor.
Being the largest Initial Coin Offering project, EOSIO has attracted great interest in cryptocurrency markets. Despite its popularity and prosperity (e.g., 26,311,585,008 token transactions occurred ...from June 8, 2018 to Aug. 5, 2020), there is almost no work investigating the EOSIO token ecosystem. To fill this gap, we are the first to conduct a systematic investigation of the EOSIO token ecosystem by conducting a comprehensive graph analysis of the entire on-chain EOSIO data (nearly 135 million blocks). We construct token-creator graphs, token-contract creator graphs, token-holder graphs, and token-transfer graphs to characterize token creators, holders, and transfer activities. Through graph analysis, we have obtained many insightful findings and observed some abnormal trading patterns. Moreover, we propose a fake-token detection algorithm to identify tokens generated by fake users or fake transactions and analyze their corresponding manipulation behaviors. Evaluation results also demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm.
Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) might be used prophylactically to reduce relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for very high-risk leukemia/lymphoma without effective ...targeted therapy. To compare the safety and efficacy of prophylactic DLI for prevention of relapse after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from haploidentical donors (HID-SCT) and matched-sibling donors (MSD-SCT) in patients with very high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we performed a retrospective analysis in a cohort of 21 HID-SCT and 13 MSD-SCT recipients, displaying similar baseline characteristics except for donor’s gender distribution. Grade 2–4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at 100-day post-DLI was higher in HID-SCT group than that in MSD-SCT group (59.5% vs. 30.8%,
p
= 0.05). The grade 3–4 acute GVHD (17.5% vs. 7.7%), 1-year chronic GVHD (36.6% vs. 33.2%), and severe chronic GVHD (15.3% vs. 27.3%) were not statistically significant different between groups. One-year non-relapse mortality was higher in HID-SCT group than that in MSD-SCT group with marginal significance (27.9% vs. 0.0%,
p
= 0.061). One-year relapse rate was not statistically significant different between HID-SCT group and MSD-SCT group (21.6% vs. 36.5%,
p
= 0.543). For HID-SCT recipients, 1-year relapse rate was lower in patients receiving prophylactic DLI than that in a control cohort of eight patients with same very high-risk features but not receiving prophylactic DLI (62.5% vs. 28.3%,
p
= 0.037). No statistically significant difference was observed in 1-year overall survival (OS, 55.1% vs. 83.9%,
p
= 0.325) and relapse-free survival (RFS, 50.1% vs. 74.0%,
p
= 0.419) rates between HID-SCT group and MSD-SCT group. In multivariate analyses, non-remission status prior to transplant, poor-risk gene mutations, and donor’s age ≥ 48 years predicted a higher risk of relapse after DLI. Non-remission status prior to transplant predicted inferior OS and RFS. Patient’s age ≥ 40 years also predicted an inferior OS. In conclusion, prophylactic DLI was very safe and efficient for reducing relapse in patients with very high-risk AML receiving MSD-SCT. In the recipients of HID-SCT, the application of prophylactic DLI could reduce the risk of relapse, although with a higher incidence of DLI-associated acute GVHD than those of MSD-SCT.
With the proliferation of wireless communication technologies, user equipments (UEs) in rural or disaster areas have data-transmission demand to upload their data to the core network. However, ...current networks lack coverage in rural or disaster areas due to the absence or damage of/to infrastructures. To address this issue, a promising solution is employing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as relays to assist the wireless backhaul of UEs to remote ground base stations (GBSs). For convenience, we call these networks as UAV-assisted wireless backhaul networks (UABNs). This paper aims to investigate the uplink transmission performance in UABNs. In particular, we analyze the connectivity of the two-hop uplink path from a reference UE to a remote GBS via a reference UAV. Compared with previous studies that mostly analyze single-hop transmissions, the investigation of the path connectivity of UABNs is more complex because of the location variation of UAVs as well as the complexity of the interference at the two-hop path. Considering the distribution of UEs, we exploit stochastic geometry to establish a theoretical model to analyze the path connectivity of UABNs. In our model, UEs form clusters according to a Poisson Cluster Process (PCP) and one UAV serves one UE cluster. Based on our model, the connectivity of a two-hop uplink path is finally derived by limiting the signal-to-noise-plus-interference (SINR) above a threshold. Theoretical values of the connectivity of UABNs match with simulation results, confirming the accuracy of the proposed analytical model. Our results also offer insightful implications for constructing and configuring UABNs.
In allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients, reactivation of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), which may rapidly ...progress to multiorgan failure and even death. Development of EBV PTLD correlates very closely with use of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and type of transplant. To assess the incidences and clinical features of EBV DNAemia and PTLD in the setting of stem cell transplantation using unmanipulated G-CSF-primed allogeneic peripheral blood stem cells as graft, we performed a retrospective analysis of stem cell transplantation from HLA-matched sibling donors (MSD-SCT,
n
= 90) or HLA-haploidentical related donors (HID-SCT,
n
= 110) in patients with hematological malignancies. All of HID-SCT recipients and 27.8% of MSD-SCT recipients received an ATG-containing conditioning regimen. One-year cumulative incidence of EBV DNAemia was 44.1%, ranging from 4.8% in MSD-SCT recipients not using ATG to 20.0% in MSD-SCT recipients using ATG, and 73.7% in HID-SCT recipients. Risk factors for EBV reactivation included use of ATG (
p =
0.008), male donor (
p =
0.034), and cytomegalovirus DNAemia (
p <
0.001). One-year incidence of EBV PTLD was 11.9%, ranging from 1.8% in recipients of MSD-SCT not using ATG to 4.4% in recipients of MSD-SCT using ATG, and 23.5% in recipients of HID-SCT. Risk factors for PTLD after HID-SCT included in fludarabine-containing conditioning regimen (
p
= 0.010), cytomegalovirus DNAemia (
p
= 0.036), and patient’s age < 40-yr (
p
= 0.032). Two-year non-relapse mortality was higher for patients with EBV DNAemia than those without EBV DNAemia (35.8% vs. 15.3%,
p =
0.002). One-year relapse-free survival and overall survival among patients with PTLD were 40.2% and 44.9%, respectively, as opposed to 63.4% and 68.4% among patients without PTLD (both
p
< 0.05). In multivariate analyses, EBV DNAemia predicted a lower risk of relapse (
p =
0.025), while PTLD was a marginally significant predictor of relapse (
p =
0.092). This study identified patients at risk of EBV reactivation and PTLD after unmanipulated allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
In the northern North China Craton (NCC), abundant non-layered ultramafic complexes and associated low-grade Fe–Ti oxide ores (over 1000 million tons) were uncovered. However, their petrogenesis and ...metallogeny have remained unclear. The Habaqin complex is one of the larger intrusions of the region and hosts the largest low-grade magnetite occurrence. Here we present petrography, zircon U–Pb geochronology, mineral and whole-rock major and trace element compositions, and whole-rock Sr–Nd and zircon Lu–Hf isotopes of the complex to constrain its genesis. The complex includes early pyroxenite (∼75% clinopyroxene, ∼15% amphibole, ∼10% magnetite) and late hornblendite (∼80% amphibole, 15–20% magnetite, 0–5% apatite). Zircon grains from the hornblendite yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 395 ± 2 Ma. The increasing whole-rock FeOtot and TiO2 contents from pyroxenite (FeOtot = 18.9 wt%, TiO2 = 1.31 wt%) to hornblendite (FeOtot = 19.1–30.4 wt%, TiO2 = 2.63–3.12 wt%) correlate with higher modal proportions of amphibole and magnetite. The pyroxenite and hornblendite display similar arc-like trace element characteristics of enrichment in LILEs and LREEs, and depletion in HFSEs. The complex formed by fractional crystallization of clinopyroxene, amphibole, magnetite, and apatite from a hydrous parent magma. Early removal of clinopyroxene caused H2O enrichment in evolved residual magmas and crystallization of magnetite and amphibole, forming low-grade mineralization with Ti-V-poor magnetite in hornblendite. The complex displays high initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.706413–0.707341, negative εNd(t) values of −16.0 to −14.2 and negative εHf(t) value of −30.6 to −12.0, suggesting a parent magma derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle, with possible existence of amphibole-bearing pyroxenite veins within the source. During the Early Devonian, the retreat of the subducted Paleo-Asian oceanic slab as well as arc-continental collision along the northern NCC induced partial melting of the veins and eventually formation of the complex.
•The Habaqin hornblendite was emplaced at 395 ± 2 Ma.•The Fe–Ti oxide mineralization formed by fractional crystallization of arc basalts.•Co-crystallization of magnetite and amphibole produced low-grade and Ti-V-poor magnetite mineralization.
We demonstrated experimental comparison between ghost imaging and traditional non-correlated imaging under disturbance of scattering. Ghost imaging appears more robust. The quality of ghost imaging ...does not change much when the scattering is getting stronger, while that of traditional imaging declines dramatically. A concise model is developed to explain the superiority of ghost imaging. Due to its robustness against scattering, ghost imaging will be useful in harsh environment.
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