Concerns over fake news have triggered a renewed interest in various forms of media literacy. Prevailing expectations posit that literacy interventions help audiences to be “inoculated” against any ...harmful effects of misleading information. This study empirically investigates such assumptions by assessing whether individuals with greater literacy (media, information, news, and digital literacies) are better at recognizing fake news, and which of these literacies are most relevant. The results reveal that information literacy—but not other literacies—significantly increases the likelihood of identifying fake news stories. Interpreting the results, we provide both conceptual and methodological explanations. Particularly, we raise questions about the self-reported competencies that are commonly used in literacy scales.
The importance of labor education has received widespread attention. This paper obtains research data through in-depth interviews and questionnaires, and through analysis finds that compared with the ...progress of labor education in primary and secondary schools in Germany, the following problems still exist in western China: The quality of teaching is not high, and there is an imbalance of educational resources in the suburbs and cities. Teachers need to be more adequate, and teaching content and evaluation procedures must be unified; the lack of a labor education field, and the interaction between school, society, and family needs to be improved.
In order to answer semantically-complicated questions about an image, a Visual Question Answering (VQA) model needs to fully understand the visual scene in the image, especially the interactive ...dynamics between different objects. We propose a Relation-aware Graph Attention Network (ReGAT), which encodes each image into a graph and models multi-type inter-object relations via a graph attention mechanism, to learn question-adaptive relation representations. Two types of visual object relations are explored: (i) Explicit Relations that represent geometric positions and semantic interactions between objects; and (ii) Implicit Relations that capture the hidden dynamics between image regions. Experiments demonstrate that ReGAT outperforms prior state-of-the-art approaches on both VQA 2.0 and VQA-CP v2 datasets. We further show that ReGAT is compatible to existing VQA architectures, and can be used as a generic relation encoder to boost the model performance for VQA.
With the recent international economic and social changes, the development of innovation theories, the changes in the global industrial structure, and the transformation of old and new kinetic ...energy, many countries have advanced from innovation paradigm 1.0 to 3.0, integrating a variety of disciplines and theories, and using this concept to enhance their innovation capabilities. In such an environment, how to combine scientific and technological innovation with ecological environment construction, practice the integration and symbiosis of ecology and innovation, and promote the development of green innovation is the current focus of academic research. The scientific and technological innovation ecological chain is an organizational model that realizes the goal of scientific and technological innovation and the value-added spiral through the orderly connection and synergistic interaction between the main bodies or elements of innovation, such as basic research, technical research, achievement transformation, talent support, and technological finance. This paper takes Shanxi Province’s scientific and technological innovation ecological chain as a typical example, collects relevant text data through web crawler technology, then deconstructs the system of scientific and technological innovation ecological chain based on media integration, understands the composition of its main chain, supporting chain, and the interaction between the chains mechanism, and finally puts forward policy suggestions for the deepening of the future regional scientific and technological innovation ecological chain.
A nickel/N‐heterocyclic carbene catalytic system has been established for decarbonylative borylation of amides with B2nep2 by C−N bond activation. This transformation shows good functional‐group ...compatibility and can serve as a powerful synthetic tool for late‐stage borylation of amide groups in complex compounds. More importantly, as a key intermediate, the structure of an acyl nickel complex was first confirmed by X‐ray analysis. Furthermore, the decarbonylative process was also observed. These findings confirm the key mechanistic features of the acyl C−N bond activation process.
Keyed up: A Ni/N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalytic system has been established for the title reaction, which proceeds by C−N bond activation. As a key intermediate, the structure of an acyl nickel complex was confirmed by X‐ray analysis. The structure displays square‐planar geometry, stabilized by two NHC ligands in trans position. These findings confirm the key mechanistic features of the acyl C−N bond activation process. Boc=tert‐butoxycarbonyl, nep=neopentyl glycolato.
Smart drug delivery systems with on‐demand drug release capability are rather attractive to realize highly specific cancer treatment. Herein, a novel light‐responsive drug delivery platform based on ...photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) doped mesoporous silica nanorods (CMSNRs) is developed for on‐demand light‐triggered drug release. In this design, CMSNRs are coated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) via a singlet oxygen (SO)‐sensitive bis‐(alkylthio)alkene (BATA) linker, and then modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The obtained CMSNR‐BATA‐BSA‐PEG, namely CMSNR‐B‐PEG, could act as a drug delivery carrier to load with either small drug molecules such as doxorubicin (DOX), or larger macromolecules such as cis‐Pt (IV) pre‐drug conjugated third generation dendrimer (G3‐Pt), both of which are sealed inside the mesoporous structure of nanorods by BSA coating. Upon 660 nm light irradiation with a rather low power density, CMSNRs with intrinsic Ce6 doping would generate SO to cleave BATA linker, inducing detachment of BSA‐PEG from the nanorod surface and thus triggering release of loaded DOX or G3‐Pt. As evidenced by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, such CMSNR‐B‐PEG with either DOX or G3‐Pt loading offers remarkable synergistic therapeutic effects in cancer treatment, owing to the on‐demand release of therapeutics specifically in the tumor under light irradiation.
CMSNR‐B‐PEG acts as a drug delivery carrier to load with either small drug molecules or larger macromolecules. This work develops a novel approach to engineer smart on‐demand drug delivery/release systems responsive to long‐wavelength light with a rather low optical power, interesting not only for anti‐cancer chemotherapy, but also potentially for gene therapy or immunotherapy toward cancer or other diseases.
In this study, 114 Chinese children aged 5-6 years old in Henan Province and 114 mothers were selected as research subjects, 59 boys, 55 girls, and 114 mothers. Semi-structured interviews were ...conducted with children to test the development of the concept of death in children. At the same time, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the children's mothers to analyze the influencing factors of the development of children's concept of death. The results of the study showed that children aged 5-6 years had the concept of death, and the sub-components were acquired in a certain order, but the development was not balanced, the overall level of development of the concept of death is slightly higher in girls than in boys; "Whether or not the family talked openly about the topic of death" had a significant effect on the sub-component of the children's concept of death, "Universality of death" (
= -0.301,
= -2.007,
< 0.05) and "causality of death" (
= 0.315,
= 2.582,
< 0.05); and "whether or not there was the experience of exposure to death-related events" had a significant effect on "Irreversibility of death" (
= -0.326,
= -2.36,
< 0.05); Mothers' natural acceptance of death (
= -0.293,
= -2.209,
< 0.05) and convergence-orientated acceptance (
= 0.415,
= 2.315,
< 0.05) had significant effects on the "inorganicity of death" of children's concept of death.
•The doping of SSN increased the band gap width and decreased the grain size.•The ceramic possesses an energy density of 4.42 J/cm3 and an efficiency of 60%.•The transmittance of the ceramic is 76.7% ...and 84.5% at 780 and 1378 nm, respectively.•0.825KNN-0.175SSN ceramic exhibited a small strain effect of 0.022%.
Lead-free transparent ferroelectric ceramics with superior energy storage properties are highly desirable for pulsed power technologies and the increased optical transparency demand. However, the transparency and energy storage density of lead-free bulk ceramics cannot meet the requirements of their wide applications due to the coarse microstructure and relatively low breakdown strength. In this study, a design strategy is proposed to optimize the energy storage characteristics and transparency of ceramics by introducing nanodomains, increasing the band gap energy and reducing the grain size. The results showed that submicron grain (0.21 μm) and large band gap energy (Eg = 3.21 eV) were achieved through the introduction of the second component Sr(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3 (SSN). An excellent transparency of up to 84.5% in the near-infrared region (1378 nm), a high energy density (W) of ~4.42 J·cm−3 and an extremely small strain of ~0.022% were simultaneously achieved in the 0.825(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-0.175Sr(Sc0.5Nb0.5)O3 (0.825KNN-0.175SSN) ceramics. These results revealed the potential applications of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3-based ceramics for energy storage and provide a feasible approach of domain engineering to develop new lead-free energy storagetransparency materials.
A novel type of bio‐nanoreactor with catalase loaded inside TaOx hollow nanoshells is fabricated via a mild one‐step method. Such bio‐nanoreactors could efficiently improve the tumor oxygenation by ...supplying oxygen via decomposition of endogenic H2O2 in a tumor microenvironment, and thus synergistically enhance the efficacy of cancer radiotherapy by both depositing radiation energy within the tumor and overcoming hypoxia‐induced radiotherapy resistance.
Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used in various remote sensing applications due to their ability to identify nonlinear correlations. Ensemble algorithms have been included in many ...practical applications to improve prediction accuracy. We provide an overview of three widely used ensemble techniques: bagging, boosting, and stacking. We first identify the underlying principles of the algorithms and present an analysis of current literature. We summarize some typical applications of ensemble algorithms, which include predicting crop yield, estimating forest structure parameters, mapping natural hazards, and spatial downscaling of climate parameters and land surface temperature. Finally, we suggest future directions for using ensemble algorithms in practical applications.
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