Abstract
Rational design of sulfur hosts for effectively confining lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and optimizing the sluggish sulfur kinetics is still a major challenge in lithium–sulfur batteries ...(LSBs). In this work, a simple strategy of introducing single Mo–N
4
atoms into N‐doped carbon nano‐flower matrix (Mo‐N‐CNF) as sulfur host cathode materials is developed to realize high‐performance LSBs. These single Mo–N
4
atoms have been demonstrated to regulate the hydrophilic nature, Li‐ion diffusion, adsorption capacity, and catalytic conversion of polysulfides via experimental evidences and theoretical calculations. The resulting Mo‐N‐CNF with high loading content of sulfur (>72 wt.%) exhibits a high specific capacity (1248 mAh g
–1
at 0.2 C) and excellent rate capability (715 mAh g
–1
at 5 C). More importantly, the outstanding cycling performance with a low attenuation rate of only 0.004% per cycle over 400 cycles at 4.27 mA cm
–2
is achieved with the area sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm
–2
. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for using single atoms‐based carbon materials with high exposed sites as multiple captors for LiPS and an efficient accelerator for sulfur redox kinetics toward next‐generation LSBs with boosted electrochemical performance.
Rational design of sulfur hosts for effectively confining lithium polysulfides (LiPS) and optimizing the sluggish sulfur kinetics is still a major challenge in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs). In ...this work, a simple strategy of introducing single Mo–N4 atoms into N‐doped carbon nano‐flower matrix (Mo‐N‐CNF) as sulfur host cathode materials is developed to realize high‐performance LSBs. These single Mo–N4 atoms have been demonstrated to regulate the hydrophilic nature, Li‐ion diffusion, adsorption capacity, and catalytic conversion of polysulfides via experimental evidences and theoretical calculations. The resulting Mo‐N‐CNF with high loading content of sulfur (>72 wt.%) exhibits a high specific capacity (1248 mAh g–1 at 0.2 C) and excellent rate capability (715 mAh g–1 at 5 C). More importantly, the outstanding cycling performance with a low attenuation rate of only 0.004% per cycle over 400 cycles at 4.27 mA cm–2 is achieved with the area sulfur loading of 5.1 mg cm–2. This work demonstrates a viable strategy for using single atoms‐based carbon materials with high exposed sites as multiple captors for LiPS and an efficient accelerator for sulfur redox kinetics toward next‐generation LSBs with boosted electrochemical performance.
A simple strategy is developed to introduce single Mo‐N4 atoms into N‐doped carbon nanoflower matrixes (Mo‐N‐CNF) as the sulfur host cathode material. The active center of Mo‐N4 simultaneously confines lithium polysulfide and accelerates its kinetic conversion, thereby realizing high‐performance lithium–sulfur batteries.
Rational design of hollow micro‐ and/or nano‐structured cathodes as sulfur hosts has potential for high‐performance lithium‐sulfur batteries. However, their further commercial application is hindered ...because infusing sulfur into hollow hosts is hard to control and the interactions between high loading sulfur and electrolyte are poor. Herein, we designed hierarchical porous hollow carbon nanospheres with radially inwardly aligned supporting ribs to mitigate these problems. Such a structure could aid the sulfur infusion and maximize sulfur utilization owing to the well‐ordered pore channels. This highly organized internal carbon skeleton can also enhance the electronic conductivity. The hollow carbon nanospheres with further nitrogen‐doping as the sulfur host material exhibit good capacity and excellent cycling performance (0.044 % capacity degradation per each cycle for 1000 cycles).
Interior design: A new strategy to confine polysulfides has been developed by tailoring the interior structure of hollow carbon spheres. Highly uniform radially inwardly aligned hierarchical porous N‐doped carbon nanospheres have been prepared by a simple and scalable approach and are used as novel sulfur hosts for high‐performance Li–S batteries.
As an important structural protein in virion morphogenesis, the matrix (M) protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is demonstrated to be a nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking protein and plays essential ...roles in viral assembly and budding. In recent years, increasing lines of evidence have indicated that the M protein has obvious influence on the pathotypes of NDV, and the interaction of M protein with cellular proteins is also closely associated with the replication and pathogenicity of NDV. Although substantial progress has been made in the past 40 years towards understanding the structure and function of NDV M protein, the available information is scattered. Therefore, this review article summarizes and updates the research progress on the structural feature, virulence and pathotype correlation, and nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism of NDV M protein, as well as the functions of M protein and cellular protein interactions in M's intracellular localization, viral RNA synthesis and transcription, viral protein synthesis, viral immune evasion, and viral budding and release, which will provide an in-depth understanding of the biological functions of M protein in the replication and pathogenesis of NDV, and also contribute to the development of effective antiviral strategies aiming at blocking the early or late steps of NDV lifecycles.
Strain leavening power loss and product quality deterioration are the two main issues in frozen dough technology being used during Chinese steamed bread manufacture. Our study added soybean peptides ...(SP) in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth medium to restore its fermentative capability in dough and maintain the steamed bread qualities. When dough was not frozen, 0.1% (w/v) SP‐added group's fermenting rate was 4.6 times of the control with no SP. When dough was frozen at −20°C for 7 and 30 days prior to fermentation, respectively, fermenting speed of 0.1% SP group was 4.8 and 8 times of the control group. Bread from dough of the SP group also had better qualities. Adding 0.1% SP into medium also increased cells’ extracellular enzyme activity to 50 times of the blank. This study demonstrates the possibility of using edible SP to maintain strain fermenting power and bread qualities for frozen dough technology.
Practical applications
Chinese steamed bread is a widely consumed cereal product in East Asia, whose fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae has various claimed benefits to product quality. Keeping this yeast's fermenting power at low temperatures could be a challenge to industries when frozen dough technology is applied. Soybean peptides have been proved to promote fermenting microorganisms' growth at low temperatures in other food products. This study provided some evidences on how soybean peptides reserved the S. cerevisiae fermenting power during the dough freezing time frame while maintained the product organoleptic qualities; therefore, soybean peptides could have a potential application for Chinese steamed bread industries.
Crucial to regional integration and sustainability of urban agglomeration, coordination between urban land expansion and population growth caused by rapid urbanization has drawn increasing attention. ...Though the population-land relationship has been widely explored, few studies have investigated the internal mechanism from an allometric growth perspective. This study aims to reveal spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of population-land coordination in 26 central cities of Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 1989 to 2018, via incorporating the coupling coordination model, super-slack-based measure model (Super-SBM), and spatial Durbin model with fixed effects. The results indicated that: 1) the pace of land expansion significantly exceeds population growth, and great distinction of allometric growth within regional cities is observed; 2) population-land interaction is still located in the low coordination stage, and its productivity efficiency sees a slight fall with fluctuation; 3) urban land exploitation, population agglomeration and productivity efficiency have significant positive effects on population-land coordination. Finally, several recommendations are proposed, involving targeted urban land supply for different cities, trans-administrative regional land and industrial planning. This study provides some insights into the sustainable population-land relationship.
•Coupling coordination degree of population-land locates in the lower interval.•Population-land productivity efficiency sees a slight fall with fluctuation.•Fiscal deficit level exerts a negative effect on population-land coordination.•Increase in production efficiency has improved population-land coordination.
The older population in China will exceed 300 million by 2025. Severe gaps in digital inclusion exist in the information society, and older adults have not received sufficient attention. This study ...employed a multivariate probit approach to investigate the influencing factors of internet usage (IU) and the impact of IU on well-being using a nationally representative sample of adults aged 50 and over from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS). A total of 13,737 individuals were reported in the sample after filtering. After controlling for certain variables, the findings indicated that activities of daily living, cognitive ability, family support, social capital, perceived risk appetite, and perceived importance positively affected IU. In contrast, migration status, the degree of depression, and self-esteem negatively affected IU. Furthermore, the effect of IU on subjective well-being (SWB) could be exerted through perceived usefulness, with an inverted “U” trajectory. There were substantial promotion effects for individuals with lower levels of well-being. Several policy implications are proposed to establish an inclusive IU environment, such as paying more attention to inner-urban older adults rather than just the urban‒rural divide, promoting technology to adapt to older adults’ demands, and encouraging multiple agents to create a good IU environment for older adults. This study provides new insights into the digital divide and well-being among older adults.
•Confidence capacity, depression degree and rural-urban migration negatively affected internet usage among older adults.•Negative affect and perceived usefulness could mediate the impact of internet usage behavior on subjective well-being.•Specific functional usage could enhance perceived usefulness in older adults, increasing personal subjective well-being.•Internet usage of the aged indicates urban-rural geographic disparity and household registration differentiation.•Adaptive technology development and multiple social supports can bridge the digital divide among older adults.
Re-programming of lipogenic signaling has been previously demonstrated to result in significant alterations in tumor cell pathology. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) is a known ...transcription factor of lipogenic genes. Despite the fact that its functions in proliferation and apoptosis have been elucidated in recent studies, its role in tumor cell migration and invasion, particularly in breast cancer, remains unclear. In present study, the messenger RNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1 in cancer tissues were observed to be overexpressed compared with those in matched para-cancerous tissues (P<0.01). SREBP-1 level was highly positively correlated with tumor differentiation (P<0.001), tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.044) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001). High expression of SREBP-1 predicted poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that SREBP-1 was an independent factor of 5-year overall and disease-specific survival in breast cancer patients (P<0.01). In vitro studies revealed that the suppression of SREBP-1 expression in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion (P<0.01). The present data indicate that SREBP-1 plays a critical role in breast cancer migration and invasion, and may serve as a prognostic marker of this malignancy.
In limited land space, improving the construction of infrastructure with ecological services can help to achieve the goal of promoting land use eco-efficiency (LUEE). In view of this, this study ...constructed interactive coordination relationship model of green infrastructure (GI) and LUEE that involves entropy method model, super-efficiency slack-based measure (SBM) model with undesirable outputs, and coupling coordination degree model. The interactive coordination relationship model can help to study and reveal the mechanisms of interaction and the coordination relationship between GI and LUEE from a land benefit and ecological perspective. We took the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as the study area. The results showed that the assessment results of GI showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2020. LUEE in different cities displayed obvious variability with efficiency values ranging from 0.5666 to 2.4437. The relationship between GI and LUEE is in the stage of uncoordinated development in 53.8% of cities, mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of the study area. The unnatural human activities are the critical factors affecting interactive coupling coordination degree of LUEE and GI. It is clarified that the level of coordination relationship of the two can be used as an important indicator to judge the sustainable development of urban agglomerations. Intensive use of land, optimal connection of geographic information, and localization of policies would help improve the balance and coordination between the two. This study provides interesting research ideas and novel modeling approaches for the study of green and sustainable development of urban agglomerations.
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