Summary
Sarcopenia was reported to be significantly associated with osteoporosis. In this study, we reported for the first time that sarcopenia was an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic ...vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs). Other risk factors of OVCRFs are low bone mass density T-scores, female sex, and advanced age.
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures (OVCRFs) and sarcopenia, and to identify other risk factors of OVCRFs.
Methods
We evaluated 237 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture who underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in our hospital from August 2016 to December 2017. To diagnose sarcopenia, a cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) image at the inferior aspect of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) was selected for estimating muscle mass. Grip strength was used to assess muscle strength. Possible risk factors, such as age, sex, body mass index (BMI), bone mineral density (BMD), location of the treated vertebra, anterior-posterior ratio (AP ratio) of the fractured vertebra, cement leakage, and vacuum clefts, were assessed. The multivariable analysis was used to determine the risk factors of OVCRFs.
Results
During the follow-up period, OVCRFs occurred in 64 (27.0%) patients. Sarcopenia was present in 48 patients (20.3%), including 21 OVCRFs and 27 non-OVCRFs patients. Sarcopenia was significantly correlated with advanced age, lower BMI, lower BMD, and hypoalbuminemia. Compared with non-sarcopenic patients, sarcopenic patients had higher OVCRFs risk. In univariate analysis, sarcopenia (
p
= 0.003), female (
p
= 0.024), advanced age (≥ 75 years;
p
< 0.001), lower BMD (
p
< 0.001), lower BMI (
p
= 0.01), TL junction (vertebral levels at the thoracolumbar junction) (
p
= 0.01), cardiopulmonary comorbidity (
p
= 0.042), and hypoalbuminemia (
p
= 0.003) were associated with OVCRFs. Multivariable analysis revealed that sarcopenia (OR 2.271; 95% CI 1.069–4.824,
p
= 0.033), lower BMD (OR 1.968; 95% CI 1.350–2.868,
p
< 0.001), advanced age (≥ 75 years; OR 2.431; 95% CI 1.246–4.744,
p
= 0.009), and female sex (OR 4.666; 95% CI 1.400–15.552,
p
= 0.012) were independent risk predictors of OVCRFs.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is an independent risk predictor of osteoporotic vertebral compression refractures. Other factors affecting OVCRFs are low BMD T-scores, female sex, and advanced age.
While most large river-deltas in the world are facing the risk of subsidence and erosion in the Anthropocene, it is suspected that the Changjiang submerged delta (CSD) could be subjected to the ...impacts of the world's largest dam, the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). Here we firstly indicate that the CSD went through high accumulation (1958-1978); slight accumulation (1978-1997), slight erosion (1997-2002); and high accumulation (2002-2009), despite the 70% reduction of the sediment load from upstream since the operation of the TGD in 2003. Meanwhile, at the depocenter of the submerged delta, the accumulation maintained a high rate of 10 cm/yr during 1958-2009. This suggests on a longer term, the distal sediment source from the upstream had little effect on the CSD. Within this time frame the changes in the partition of sediment load among the branching channels of the Changjiang Estuary could likely control the shifting of the depocenter of the CSD on a decadal time scale. Episodic extreme floods and storm surges also increased the magnitude of deposition and erosion of the CSD on short-term scales. A re-evaluation of the impacts of TGD on the CSD is urgently needed.
For the 1.7 million patients per year in the U.S. who receive a new cancer diagnosis, treatment decisions are largely made after a histopathology exam. Unfortunately, the gold standard of slide-based ...microscopic pathology suffers from high inter-observer variability and limited prognostic value due to sampling limitations and the inability to visualize tissue structures and molecular targets in their native 3D context. Here, we show that an open-top light-sheet microscope optimized for non-destructive slide-free pathology of clinical specimens enables the rapid imaging of intact tissues at high resolution over large 2D and 3D fields of view, with the same level of detail as traditional pathology. We demonstrate the utility of this technology for various applications: wide-area surface microscopy to triage surgical specimens (with ~200 μm surface irregularities), rapid intraoperative assessment of tumour-margin surfaces (12.5 sec/cm2), and volumetric assessment of optically cleared core-needle biopsies (1 mm in diameter, 2 cm in length). Light-sheet microscopy can be a versatile tool for both rapid surface microscopy and deep volumetric microscopy of human specimens.
When deformed beyond their elastic limits, crystalline solids flow plastically via particle rearrangements localized around structural defects. Disordered solids also flow, but without obvious ...structural defects. We link structure to plasticity in disordered solids via a microscopic structural quantity, “softness,” designed by machine learning to be maximally predictive of rearrangements. Experimental results and computations enabled us to measure the spatial correlations and strain response of softness, as well as two measures of plasticity: the size of rearrangements and the yield strain. All four quantities maintained remarkable commonality in their values for disordered packings of objects ranging from atoms to grains, spanning seven orders of magnitude in diameter and 13 orders of magnitude in elastic modulus. These commonalities link the spatial correlations and strain response of softness to rearrangement size and yield strain, respectively.
Although the past two decades have seen increasing empirical interest in stress generation, the process whereby depressed or depression-prone individuals experience higher rates of life stress that ...are at least in part influenced by their own cognitive and behavioral characteristics, several important aspects of this phenomenon remain relatively unexamined, leaving open several promising opportunities for future advancement of the field. The current paper begins with a brief review of the extant literature on the influence of cognitive, behavioral and interpersonal, childhood maltreatment, and genetic factors on stress generation. An integrative theoretical model is then presented tying together these different lines of research in accounting for the stress generation effect and its potential depressogenic sequelae (i.e., depression recurrence and depression contagion). Drawing on this model, particular focus is given to the need to identify the behavioral processes through which cognitive factors confer risk for stress generation, as well as to the need for research assessing the full etiological chain posited by the stress generation hypothesis linking self-generated stress with subsequent depression. In addition, methodological issues of particular relevance to this area of research are discussed. The current review ends with a consideration of the clinical implications of the stress generation phenomenon.
► Provides review of main findings in stress generation literature. ► Presents integrative theoretical model. ► Highlights and discusses gaps in the empirical literature. ► Considers clinical implications of stress generation.
A
bstract
We study four-derivative corrections to pure
N
= 2,
D
= 5 gauged supergravity. In particular, we find that, up to field redefinitions, there is a single four-derivative superinvariant that ...one can add to the action, up to factors of the two-derivative action. Consequently, this selects out a unique set of coefficients for the four-derivative corrections. We confirm these coefficients (in the ungauged limit) on the BMPV solution.
Elastic electron-proton scattering (e-p) and the spectroscopy of hydrogen atoms are the two methods traditionally used to determine the proton charge radius, r
. In 2010, a new method using muonic ...hydrogen atoms
found a substantial discrepancy compared with previous results
, which became known as the 'proton radius puzzle'. Despite experimental and theoretical efforts, the puzzle remains unresolved. In fact, there is a discrepancy between the two most recent spectroscopic measurements conducted on ordinary hydrogen
. Here we report on the proton charge radius experiment at Jefferson Laboratory (PRad), a high-precision e-p experiment that was established after the discrepancy was identified. We used a magnetic-spectrometer-free method along with a windowless hydrogen gas target, which overcame several limitations of previous e-p experiments and enabled measurements at very small forward-scattering angles. Our result, r
= 0.831 ± 0.007
± 0.012
femtometres, is smaller than the most recent high-precision e-p measurement
and 2.7 standard deviations smaller than the average of all e-p experimental results
. The smaller r
we have now measured supports the value found by two previous muonic hydrogen experiments
. In addition, our finding agrees with the revised value (announced in 2019) for the Rydberg constant
-one of the most accurately evaluated fundamental constants in physics.
Here, we describe a serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the screening and identification of human SARS-CoV-2 seroconverters. This assay does not require the handling of infectious ...virus, can be adjusted to detect different antibody types in serum and plasma and is amenable to scaling. Serological assays are of critical importance to help define previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in populations, identify highly reactive human donors for convalescent plasma therapy and investigate correlates of protection.
Zinc metal represents a low‐cost, high‐capacity anode material to develop energy‐dense aqueous redox‐flow batteries (RFB). However, the energy‐storage applications of traditional inorganic Zn halide ...flow batteries are primarily plagued by the material challenges of traditional halide cathode electrolytes (e.g., bromine), including corrosion, toxicity, and severe crossover. Herein, we report a bipolar zinc–ferrocene salt compound, zinc 1,1′‐bis(3‐sulfonatopropyl)ferrocene, ZnFc(SPr)2 (1.80 M solubility or 48.2 Ah L− charge storage capacity)—a robust, energy‐dense, bipolar redox‐active electrolyte material for RFBs. ZnFc(SPr)2‐based redox‐flow batteries operated at high current densities of up to 200 mA cm−2 and delivered an energy efficiency of up to 81.5 % and a power density of up to 270.5 mW cm−2. A ZnFc(SPr)2 flow battery demonstrated an energy density of 20.2 Wh L−1 and displayed nearly 100 % capacity retention for 2000 cycles (1284 h or 53.5 days).
A robust redox‐flow battery is developed using a zinc–ferrocene bipolar electrolyte. This bipolar zinc–ferrocene redox‐flow battery outperforms all previously reported aqueous organic redox‐flow batteries (AORFBs) in terms of demonstrated energy density, power density, cycles and duration, and cycling stability.
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