RNA-binding protein (RBP) has a highly dynamic spatiotemporal regulation process and important biological functions. They are critical to maintain the transcriptome through post-transcriptionally ...controlling the processing and transportation of RNA, including regulating RNA splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, mRNA localization, and translation. Alteration of each process will affect the RNA life cycle, produce abnormal protein phenotypes, and thus lead to the occurrence and development of tumors. Here, we summarize RBPs involved in tumor progression and the underlying molecular mechanisms whereby they are regulated and exert their effects. This analysis is an important step towards the comprehensive characterization of post-transcriptional gene regulation involved in tumor progression.
The amino acid antiporter system Xc
is important for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) that functions to prevent lipid peroxidation and protect cells from nonapoptotic, iron-dependent death (i.e., ...ferroptosis). While the activity of system Xc
often positively correlates with the expression level of its light chain encoded by SLC7A11, inhibition of system Xc
activity by small molecules (e.g., erastin) causes a decrease in the intracellular GSH level, leading to ferroptotic cell death. How system Xc
is regulated during ferroptosis remains largely unknown. Here we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a common stress sensor, can promote ferroptosis induced by erastin. ATF3 suppressed system Xc
, depleted intracellular GSH, and thereby promoted lipid peroxidation induced by erastin. ATF3 achieved this activity through binding to the SLC7A11 promoter and repressing SLC7A11 expression in a p53-independent manner. These findings thus add ATF3 to a short list of proteins that can regulate system Xc
and promote ferroptosis repressed by this antiporter.
This study investigates the removal efficiency of carbon dioxide by aqueous absorbents containing monoethanolamine (MEA), piperazine(PZ), diethylenetriamine(DETA) and ionic liquids in a rotating ...packed bed. The performance of an absorbent was assessed in terms of an overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient and regeneration heat duty. The CO2 removal efficiency in a rotating packed bed was observed to be more suitable than that in a packed column, suggesting a potential of a rotating packed bed can replace a traditional packed column to the usage of reduction of the greenhouse gas CO2 from the exhausted gas. The mixture containing PZ and DETA exhibited a high CO2 removal efficiency among these absorbents. Besides, DETA has a lower regeneration heat duty than MEA, which means the finest mixture for industrial CO2 capture system will be the combination of PZ, DETA, and ionic liquids, instead of traditional alkanolamines, MEA.
Exosomes (Exos) are endogenous nanocarriers that have utility as novel delivery systems for the treatment of brain cancers. However, in general, natural Exos show limited BBB-crossing capacity and ...lack specific targeting. Further modifications including targeting peptides and genetic engineering approaches can circumvent these issues, but the process is time-consuming. Focused ultrasound (FUS) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases due to its noninvasive nature, reversibility, and instantaneous local opening of the BBB. In this study, we developed a natural and safe transportation system using FUS to increase the targeted delivery of Exos for glioma therapy. We also compared the advantages of macrophage-derived Exos (R-Exos) and blood serum-derived Exos (B-Exos) to screen for an improved platform with scope for clinical transformation. In vitro, both R-Exos and B-Exos were transported through BBB models and accumulated in glioma cells with the assistance of ultrasound exposure. R-Exos and B-Exos displayed no obvious differences in physical characteristics, drug release, tumor targeting, and cytotoxicity when combined with FUS. In vivo animal imaging studies suggested that the fluorescence intensity of B-Exos plus single FUS in brains was 4.45-fold higher than that of B-Exos alone. Furthermore, B-Exos plus twice FUS treatment efficiently suppressed glioma growth with no obvious side effects. We therefore demonstrate that the combination of FUS and naturally abundant B-Exos is a potent strategy for brain cancer therapeutics.
Drought has become a major limiting factor for wheat productivity, and its negative impact on crop growth is anticipated to increase with climate deterioration in arid areas. Xyloglucan ...endoglycosylases/hydrolases (XTHs) are involved in constructing and remodeling cell wall structures and play an essential role in regulating cell wall extensibility and stress responses. However, there are no systematic studies on the wheat
gene family. In this study, 71 wheat
genes (
) were characterized and classified into three subgroups through phylogenetic analysis. Genomic replication promoted the expansion of
. We found a catalytically active motif and a potential N-linked glycosylation domain in all TaXTHs. Further expression analysis revealed that many
in the roots and shoots were significantly associated with drought stress. The wheat
gene was transferred into Arabidopsis to verify a possible role of
in stress response. The transgenic plants possessed higher seed germination rates and longer roots and exhibited improved tolerance to drought. In conclusion, bioinformatics and gene expression pattern analysis indicated that the
genes played a role in regulating drought response in wheat. The expression of
enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis and supported the XTH genes' role in regulating drought stress response in plants.
Gastric cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the main causes of metastasis and drug resistance. We previously indicated that miR-375 can inhibit Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis; here, we ...aim to explore the effects and mechanisms of miR-375 on gastric cancer (GC) cell stemness.
Lentivirus infection was used to construct GC cells with ectopic expression of miR-375. In vitro and in vivo experiments, including analysis of tumor spheroid formation, CD44+ sub-population with stemness, stemness marker expression, and tumor-initiating ability, were performed to evaluate the effects of miR-375 on the stemness of GC cells. Furthermore, microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to search the potential targets of miR-375 in GC cells. Luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA-FISH assays were carried out to verify the targeting of miR-375. Subsequently, combined with tissue microarray analysis, erastin-resistant GC cells, transmission electron microscopy, a series of agonists and oxidative stress markers, the underlying mechanisms contributing to miR-375-mediated effects were explored.
MiR-375 reduced the stemness of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SLC7A11 was identified as a direct target of miR-375 and miR-375 attenuated the stemness of GC cells mainly through triggering SLC7A11-dependent ferroptosis.
MiR-375 can trigger the ferroptosis through targeting SLC7A11, which is essential for miR-375-mediated inhibition on GC cell stemness. These results suggest that the miR-375/SLC7A11 regulatory axis could serve as a potential target to provoke the ferroptosis and thus attenuate the stemness of GC cells.
Past human genetic diversity and migration between southern China and Southeast Asia have not been well characterized, in part due to poor preservation of ancient DNA in hot and humid regions. We ...sequenced 31 ancient genomes from southern China (Guangxi and Fujian), including two ∼12,000- to 10,000-year-old individuals representing the oldest humans sequenced from southern China. We discovered a deeply diverged East Asian ancestry in the Guangxi region that persisted until at least 6,000 years ago. We found that ∼9,000- to 6,000-year-old Guangxi populations were a mixture of local ancestry, southern ancestry previously sampled in Fujian, and deep Asian ancestry related to Southeast Asian Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers, showing broad admixture in the region predating the appearance of farming. Historical Guangxi populations dating to ∼1,500 to 500 years ago are closely related to Tai-Kadai and Hmong-Mien speakers. Our results show heavy interactions among three distinct ancestries at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia.
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•Guangxi region in southern China had distinct East Asian ancestry 11 kya not found today•At least three distinct ancestries were in southern China and SE Asia prior to 10 kya•Three admixed ancestries were present in pre-agricultural Guangxi 9–6 kya•Tai-Kadai- and Hmong-Mien-related ancestry present in Guangxi by 1.5–0.5 kya
Genome-wide analysis of 31 ancient individuals from southern China (Guangxi and Fujian) reveals human population history at the crossroads of East and Southeast Asia from 500–11,000 years ago.
We developed a quantitative detection scheme for nucleic acids, combining solid-phase rolling circle amplification and chronocoulometry (RCA-CC). A gold electrode was directly formed on a polystyrene ...substrate as a cost-effective and flexible biosensor for sensitive detection of microRNA (mir-143) in blood samples.
•Electrochemical gene detection is achieved via LAMP-strand displacement coupling.•The detection is ultra-sensitive and ultra-specific.•The whole sensing surface is constructed on a sealed and ...disposable microchip.•The detection can be performed either at the end point or in real-time.•Real-time detection reduces the problems caused by electrode variations.
Isothermal amplification, such as loop-mediated nucleic acid isothermal amplification (LAMP), is a highly promising technique that could revolutionize portable or point-of-care gene detection. However, the commonly used readouts of these isothermal reactions have been limited to a small number of options such as real-time fluorescence and colorimetric paper strips, which suffer from practical difficulties in further integration and quantitation, respectively. To enrich the readout library and provide more options suitable for a variety of detection requirements, we report a ready-to-use gene testing method based on the execution of isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions on closed and portable PGE-LAMP electrochemical chips. Taking the HF183 gene of the fecal pollutant Bacteroides as a model target, this method allows both end-point and real-time transduction from genomic information to electrochemical signals with ultra-high sensitivity, specificity and a good signal-to-noise ratio, and with a detection limit as low as 80 copies. This approach is therefore highly promising for the development of point-of-care detection systems and accelerating the practical application of LAMP.
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