Two dimensional (2D) nanoribbons constitute an emerging nanoarchitecture for advanced microelectronics and energy conversion due to the stronger size confinement effects compared to traditional ...nanosheets. Triclinic crystalline red phosphorus (cRP) composed by a layered structure is a promising 2D phosphorus allotrope and the tube‐like substructure is beneficial to the construction of nanoribbons. In this work, few‐layer cRP nanoribbons are synthesized and the effectiveness in the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is investigated. An iodine‐assisted chemical vapor transport (CVT) method is developed to synthesize circa 10 g of bulk cRP lumps with a yield of over 99 %. With the aid of probe ultrasonic treatment, high‐quality cRP microcrystals are exfoliated into few‐layer nanoribbons (cRP NRs) with large aspect ratios. As non‐metallic materials, cRP NRs are suitable for the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction. The ammonia yield is 15.4 μg h−1 mgcat.−1 at −0.4 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode in a neutral electrolyte under ambient conditions and the Faradaic efficiency is 9.4 % at −0.2 V. Not only is cRP a promising catalyst, but also the novel strategy expands the application of phosphorus‐based 2D structures beyond that of traditional nanosheets.
Crystalline red phosphorus (cRP) with a layered structure are synthesized on a large scale by an efficient chemical vapor transport method and few‐layer 2D nanoribbons are exfoliated. Theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate that the cRP nanoribbons are promising in electrochemical nitrogen reduction in aqueous solutions under ambient conditions.
Purpose
To evaluate the potential preventive effect of probiotics on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Methods
This was an open-label, randomized, controlled multicenter trial involving 235 ...critically ill adult patients who were expected to receive mechanical ventilation for ≥48 h. The patients were randomized to receive (1) a probiotics capsule containing live
Bacillus subtilis
and
Enterococcus faecalis
(Medilac-S) 0.5 g three times daily through a nasogastric feeding tube plus standard preventive strategies or (2) standard preventive strategies alone, for a maximum of 14 days. The development of VAP was evaluated daily, and throat swabs and gastric aspirate were cultured at baseline and once or twice weekly thereafter.
Results
The incidence of microbiologically confirmed VAP in the probiotics group was significantly lower than that in the control patients (36.4 vs. 50.4 %, respectively;
P
= 0.031). The mean time to develop VAP was significantly longer in the probiotics group than in the control group (10.4 vs. 7.5 days, respectively;
P
= 0.022). The proportion of patients with acquisition of gastric colonization of potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMOs) was lower in the probiotics group (24 %) than the control group (44 %) (
P
= 0.004). However, the proportion of patients with eradication PPMO colonization on both sites of the oropharynx and stomach were not significantly different between the two groups. The administration of probiotics did not result in any improvement in the incidence of clinically suspected VAP, antimicrobial consumption, duration of mechanical ventilation, mortality and length of hospital stay.
Conclusion
Therapy with the probiotic bacteria
B. Subtilis
and
E. faecalis
are an effective and safe means for preventing VAP and the acquisition of PPMO colonization in the stomach.
Introduction
Carina breakthrough (CB) at the right pulmonary vein (RPV) can occur after circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) due to epicardial bridging or transient tissue edema. High‐power ...short‐duration (HPSD) ablation may increase the incidence of RPV CB. Currently, the surrogate of ablation parameters to predict RPV CB is not well established. This study investigated predictors of RPV CB in patients undergoing ablation index (AI)‐guided PVI with HPSD.
Methods
The study included 62 patients with symptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) who underwent AI‐guided PVI using HPSD. Patients were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of RPV CB. Lesions adjacent to the RPV carina were assessed, and CB was confirmed through residual voltage, low voltage along the ablation lesions, and activation wavefront propagation.
Results
Out of the 62 patients, 21 (33.87%) experienced RPV CB (Group 1), while 41 (66.13%) achieved first‐pass RPV isolation (Group 2). Despite similar AI and HPSD, patients with RPV CB had lower contact force (CF) at lesions adjacent to the RPV carina. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified CF < 10.5 g as a predictor of RPV CB, with 75.7% sensitivity and 56.2% specificity (area under the curve: 0.714).
Conclusion
In patients undergoing AI‐guided PVI with HPSD, lower CF adjacent to the carina was associated with a higher risk of RPV CB. These findings suggest that maintaining higher CF during ablation in this region may reduce the occurrence of RPV CB.
A new metal–organic framework {(Me2NH2)2Co3(μ3-O)(btb)2(py)(H2O)·(DMF)2(H2O)2}n (Cobtbpy) was solvothermal synthesized (H3btb = 1,3,5-tri(4-carboxylphenyl)benzene, py = pyridine, DMF = ...N,N-dimethylformamide). Cobtbpy shows a (3,6)-connected rtl 3D network with a point symbol of (4·62)2(42·610·83) based on the Co3(μ3-O) clusters. The obtained Cobtbpy has stable, accessible, dense active sites and can be applied in the potassium- and sodium-ion batteries. Through mixing with single-walled carbon nanotubes, the prepared composite anode material Cobtbpy-0.9 achieved a high reversible capability, delivering 416 mAh/g in the potassium-ion batteries and 379 mAh/g in the sodium-ion batteries at 0.05 A/g. The outstanding properties of Cobtbpy-0.9 in the batteries demonstrated that this MOFs-based carbon composite is a highly desirable electrode material candidate for high-performance potassium- and sodium-ion batteries.
Black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) show great potential for various applications including biomedicine, thus their potential side effects and corresponding improvement strategy deserve investigation. ...Here, in vitro and in vivo biological effects of BPs with and without titanium sulfonate ligand (TiL4) modification are investigated. Compared to bare BPs, BPs with TiL4 modification (TiL4@BPs) can efficiently escape from macrophages uptake, and reduce cytotoxicity and proinflammation. The corresponding mechanisms are also discussed. These findings may not only guide the applications of BPs, but also propose an efficient strategy to further improve the biocompatibility of BPs.
Surface modification: The biocompatibilities of bare black phosphorus nanosheets (BPs) and BPs modified by a titanium sulfonate ligand (TiL4@BPs) are different. TiL4@BPs escapes from macrophage uptake and reduces cytotoxicity and proinflammation. Bare BPs trigger inflammatory responses, including an increase in peripheral neutrophils accompanied by elevation of a group of inflammatory cytokines.
Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) perovskite materials have attracted considerable attention due to their unique performance and enhanced stability for photovoltaic ...and photoluminescent devices. However, the optoelectronic properties of 2D all-inorganic RP perovskites remains unclear because of hard-to-experiment synthesis. Therefore, the two-dimensionality how to affect the photoelectric properties of all-inorganic perovskites remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the electrical and optical properties, including the band structures, carrier mobility, optical absorption spectra, and exciton-binding energies for newly synthesized all-inorganic 2D-layered RP perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 using density functional theory. The results demonstrate the thickness-dependence of photoelectric properties in 2D-layered RP perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2. The carrier mobilities and absorption coefficients in the visible spectrum of Cs2PbI2Cl2 are smaller than those of MAPbI3 and Si crystal photovoltaic materials, whereas the exciton-binding energies increase with the decrease in the number of layers, which are obviously higher than those of MAPbI3 and Si crystal. The results show that Cs2PbI2Cl2 is a good material for luminescent devices rather than for photovoltaic cells. This study provides a theoretical basis for other ultra-thin two-dimensional perovskite materials with potential applications in photoluminescent devices.
•Thickness-dependence photoelectric properties for 2D RP perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2.•2D RP perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 is a good material for luminescent.•Two-dimensional perovskite with potential applications in photoluminescent devices.
Thermochromic smart windows technology can intelligently regulate indoor solar radiation by changing indoor light transmittance in response to thermal stimulation, thus reducing energy consumption of ...the building. In recent years, with the development of new energy-saving materials and the combination with practical technology, energy-saving smart windows technology has received more and more attention from scientific research. Based on the summary of thermochromic smart windows by Yi Long research groups, this review described the applications of thermal responsive organic materials in smart windows, including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) hydrogels, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) hydrogels, ionic liquids and liquid crystals. Besides, the mechanism of various organic materials and the properties of functional materials were also introduced. Finally, opportunities and challenges relating to thermochromic smart windows and prospects for future development are discussed.
Whole-exome sequencing has been successful in identifying genetic factors contributing to familial or sporadic Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, this approach has not been applied to explore the ...impact of de novo mutations on PD pathogenesis. Here, we sequenced the exomes of 39 early onset patients, their parents, and 20 unaffected siblings to investigate the effects of de novo mutations on PD. We identified 12 genes with de novo mutations (MAD1L1, NUP98, PPP2CB, PKMYT1, TRIM24, CEP131, CTTNBP2, NUS1, SMPD3, MGRN1, IFI35, and RUSC2), which could be functionally relevant to PD pathogenesis. Further analyses of two independent case-control cohorts (1,852 patients and 1,565 controls in one cohort and 3,237 patients and 2,858 controls in the other) revealed that NUS1 harbors significantly more rare nonsynonymous variants (P = 1.01E-5, odds ratio = 11.3) in PD patients than in controls. Functional studies in Drosophila demonstrated that the loss of NUS1 could reduce the climbing ability, dopamine level, and number of dopaminergic neurons in 30-day-old flies and could induce apoptosis in fly brain. Together, our data suggest that de novo mutations could contribute to early onset PD pathogenesis and identify NUS1 as a candidate gene for PD.
Cancer cells acquire genetic heterogeneity to escape from immune surveillance during tumor evolution, but a systematic approach to distinguish driver from passenger mutations is lacking. Here we ...investigate the impact of different immune pressure on tumor clonal dynamics and immune evasion mechanism, by combining massive parallel sequencing of immune edited tumors and CRISPR library screens in syngeneic mouse tumor model and co-culture system. We find that the core microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and targeting machinery maintains the sensitivity of cancer cells to PD-1-independent T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Genetic inactivation of the machinery or re-introduction of ANKRD52 frequent patient mutations dampens the JAK-STAT-interferon-γ signaling and antigen presentation in cancer cells, largely by abolishing miR-155-targeted silencing of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1). Expression of each miRNA machinery component strongly correlates with intratumoral T cell infiltration in nearly all human cancer types. Our data indicate that the evolutionarily conserved miRNA pathway can be exploited by cancer cells to escape from T cell-mediated elimination and immunotherapy.
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