The level of residual stresses (RS) in anisotropic electric steel (AES) is its most important functional characteristic that is responsible for losses of electric power in magnetic circuits of ...transformers during their service life. Reasons are given for the emergence of RS in AES and the known estimation methods are provided, the main shortcoming of the latter being the lack of quantitative estimates of RS. A simple and practically feasible method is suggested for estimating RS based on measurement of the anisotropy of magnetic properties of AES.
A 0.5-MJ 18-kV Module of Capacitive Energy Storage Fridman, Boris E.; Enikeev, Rustam Sh; Korotkov, Sergey V. ...
IEEE transactions on plasma science,
2011-Feb., 2011-2-00, 20110201, Volume:
39, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A module of the capacitive energy storage is designed for experiments with high-current electrical discharges in dense media. The module is remotely controlled and consists essentially of eight ...capacitor cells with semiconductor switches built around reverse-switching dynistors (RSDs). It includes a charger with a high-frequency inverter, a protective contactor with normally closed high-voltage contacts, cell RSD switch controls, and control and diagnostic equipment provided with a programmable logic controller. The semiconductor switches in the capacitor cells are triggered by light pulses transmitted from a remote-control panel over eight fiber-optic cables. Information exchange between the module control and diagnostic system and the remote terminal is realized likewise over two fiber-optic cables. The storage is designed to operate in a programmable discharge mode in which the semiconductor switches in the capacitor cells are activated by a preset time-sequence program. The maximum current pulse amplitude of 400 kA at the module output is reached under synchronous discharge of all eight cells in the short-circuit mode. In these conditions, the pulse rise time is 150 \mu\hbox{s} . The volume of the capacitor module is 1.3 \hbox{m}^{3} .
Three examples of applied systems with a speech interface are considered in the article. The first two of these provide the end user with the opportunity to ask verbally the question and to hear the ...response from the system, creating an addition to the traditional I / O via the keyboard and computer screen. The third example, the «IntonTrainer» system, provides the user with the possibility of voice interaction and is designed for in-depth self-learning of the intonation of oral speech.
This research is focused on the 4f-5d transitions in Ce(3+) centers doped into tetragonal β-SrAlF(5) single crystals belonging to the I4(1)/a space group. The presence of four non-equivalent Sr(2+) ...sites in this compound leads to the appearance of three spectroscopically non-equivalent Ce(3+) luminescence centers, which can be well distinguished using a time-resolved laser spectroscopy technique. All 4f-5d transitions have slightly varying excitation and emission energies with characteristic probabilities resulting in several decay times that can be determined experimentally. One of these centers experiences strong perturbation due to a defect nearby, probably the O(2-) impurity ion substituting for the F(-) ion and acting as a charge compensator as well. Identification of these photoluminescence centers is performed using crystal field calculations. The crystal field parameters are calculated for two identified centers using the structural data for SrAlF(5); diagonalization of the crystal field Hamiltonian results in obtaining the splitting of the Ce(3+) 5d states. This method allows 'regular' unperturbed Ce(3+) centers with selected Sr(2+) sites to be assigned.
This paper presents the experimental and numerical results of modeling the local structure of gas-liquid downflow in a vertical pipe. The measurements were carried out using the PIV/PLIF system ...“Polis-PIV,” developed at the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS. The numerical model is based on the use of a two-fluid Eulerian approach. The effect of changes in the diameter of air bubbles on the local flow structure and wall friction in a two-phase bubbly flow is studied.
The study objective is to compare the effectiveness and safety of using 4-and 6-arm mesh prostheses in transvaginal correction of urogenital prolapse.Materials and methods. From 2013 to 2018, ...164female patients with grade II—IV prolapse of the pelvic muscles underwent surgery. Reconstruction of the pelvic floor using 4-arm prosthesis Prolift anterior was performed in 54 (33 %) patients (group 1), 6-arm prosthesis OPUR — in 110 (67 %) patients (group 2). The patients’ age varied between 45 and 76years (mean age 56.3 years). All women previously delivered children (69 % delivered 2 or more children). In 73 % patients, labor was complicated by raptured cervix and/or groin, episioto-my, fetal skull remaining stationary above the pelvic brim. In 25 % of women, grade IV cystocele was diagnosed at the time of examination, in 62 % — grade III, in 13 % — grade II; grade IVhysteroptosis was diagnosed in 12 % of women, grade III — in 54 %, grade II — in 34 %.Results. In the group 1, cystocele was corrected in 90 % of cases, hysteroptosis — in 75 %. Mean blood loss was 150.0 + 69.6 ml. Operative time varied between 60 and 169 min. In the group 2, cystocele was corrected in 100 % of cases, hysteroptosis — in 98 %. Mean blood loss was 125.0 + 59.6 ml. Operative time varied between 38 and 143 min. Women noted decreased emotional tension during sex.Conclusion. Disadvantages of 4-arm meshes include worse correction of hysteroptosis and significant complications, rate and grade of which lead to a decrease in manufacture of the prosthesis. Modern 6-arm mesh prosthesis OPUR is safer and more effective. Its construction and method of implantation were developed with the goal to eliminate the main disadvantages of 4-arm prostheses.
The history of development of electrotechnical steel is traced from the start of the XX century till today. The methods of production of such steel and the methods of lowering the specific magnetic ...loss in ready metal are reviewed.
There are two main kinds of slag in modern steelmaking industry: the electric arc furnace slag (the EAF slag) which is produced in the manufacture of crude steel by the electric arc furnace process ...and the ladle furnace basic slag (the LF slag) which is produced at the final stages of steelmaking, when the steel is desulfurized in the transport ladle, during what is generally known as the secondary metallurgy process.
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