After appearing only in medical law for a long time, advance directives and other forms of voluntary measures are increasingly also being recognised as an effective protector of the right to ...self-determination in family law. The aim of the paper is to consider the Croatian model of advance decision making in family law, observing it in the context of European, international and comparative law. In this sense, the paper first provides an overview of relevant international and European documents, then briefly analyses different solutions to the discussion in question that exist in the national legislations of the selected European countries, namely, Germany, Slovenia, the Czech Republic, Serbia, and finally a detailed analysis of Croatian law. The paper aims to point out certain doubts and ambiguities that exist in Croatian law, give suggestions for improving the legislation, and encourage the continuation of scientific research in this legal field.
Cohabitation may imply various forms of joint life but, in the legal sense, cohabitation is an extramarital community of a couple living together without being legally married. Legal regulation of ...cohabitation, as a family law issue, is primarily a matter of national law. However, in the modern 21st century world of social changes, globalisation, international integrations and freedom of movement of people, international law has to give some response to the existence of a large number of cohabiting families. Since national legislators have different approaches to the legal protection of cohabitation, it is not very easy to provide clear legal standards for the protection of cohabitating families at the international level. In this paper, we will first provide the definition of the legal term of cohabitation. Then, we will focus on the legal status of cohabitating families under international (human rights) law. As European based scholars, we will further emphasise the relevance of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union as the most relevant judicial institutions involved in the legal protection of the cohabitants' right to family life in Europe. We will also offer some useful insights on the matter of international regulation of cohabitation on a broader, global scale. Finally, we will try to provide an answer to the question whether cohabitants have an adequate legal status in international law and EU law, and discuss the content and scope of cohabitants' family protection in those legal regimes.
Tema ovoga rada je zastupanje u vezi s bitnim osobnim pravima djeteta u koja se, prema našem obiteljskom zakonodavstvu, u bitnome ubrajaju zastupanja u vezi s promjenom djetetova osobnog imena, ...promjenom prebivališta odnosno boravišta djeteta i izborom ili promjenom djetetove vjerske pripadnosti. Zastupanje djeteta je primarno pravo i dužnost djetetovih roditelja, čini sadržaj roditeljske skrbi u ostvarivanju koje su roditelji potpuno ravnopravni. U tom smislu, izazov je u situacijama kada ne postoji sporazum roditelja oko bitnih osobnih prava djeteta iznjedriti rješenja kojima će se kod zastupanja u vezi s ovim pravima zaštiti najbolji interesi djeteta, te istovremeno neće ugroziti ravnopravan položaj roditelja kao njegovih zakonskih zastupnika, o čemu se detaljno raspravlja u ovome radu. U radu se isto tako raspravlja i o zastupanju u vezi s bitnim osobnim pravima djeteta kada dijete nema odgovarajuću roditeljsku skrb odnosno ulozi skrbnika u takvim okolnostima. Cilj rada je dati ocjenu postojećeg pravnog stanja u području zastupanja u vezi s bitnim osobnim pravima djeteta, temeljnoj na analizi relevantnih propisa na nacionalnoj, europskoj i međunarodnoj razini, te dati de lege ferenda prijedloge zakonskih promjena koje će pridonijeti većem stupnju ujednačenosti nacionalnog zakonodavstva u ovom području.
The theme of this paper is representation in relation to the essential personal rights of the child which, according to national family law legislation, essentially includes representation in connection with the change of the child’s personal name, change of residence of the child and choice or change of the child’s religion. Representation of the child is the content of parental responsibilty and in exercising of parental responsibilty the parents are completely equal. In this sense, in situations where there is no agreement between the parents on the essential personal rights of the child, it is demanding to generate solutions that will protect the best interests of the child, and at the same time will not jeopardize the equal position of parents as his/her legal representatives. The paper also discusses representation in relation to the essential personal rights of the child when the child does not have adequate parental care and of the role of guardian in such circumstances. The aim of this paper is to assess the current legal situation in the field of representation in relation to the essential personal rights of the child, based at the analysis of relevant regulations at national, European and international level, and to give de lege ferenda proposals that will contribute to harmonization of national regulations in this legal area.
Cohabitation may imply various forms of joint life but, in the legal sense, cohabitation is an extramarital community of a couple living together without being legally married. Legal regulation of ...cohabitation, as a family law issue, is primarily a matter of national law. However, in the modern 21st century world of social changes, globalisation, international integrations and freedom of movement of people, international law has to give some response to the existence of a large number of cohabiting families. Since national legislators have different approaches to the legal protection of cohabitation, it is not very easy to provide clear legal standards for the protection of cohabitating families at the international level. In this paper, we will first provide the definition of the legal term of cohabitation. Then, we will focus on the legal status of cohabitating families under international (human rights) law. As European based scholars, we will further emphasise the relevance of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union as the most relevant judicial institutions involved in the legal protection of the cohabitants’ right to family life in Europe. We will also offer some useful insights on the matter of international regulation of cohabitation on a broader, global scale. Finally, we will try to provide an answer to the question whether cohabitants have an adequate legal status in international law and EU law, and discuss the content and scope of cohabitants’ family protection in those legal regimes.
Pravo djeteta iz čl. 12. Konvencije UN-a o pravima djeteta jamči svakom djetetu koje je sposobno formirati vlastito mišljenje pravo na izražavanje mišljenja u stvarima koje se na njega odnose. Ono se ...aktualizira u svim područjima djetetova života, u obitelji, školi, zdravstvenom sustavu, različitim vrstama postupaka (obiteljskim, kaznenim, građanskim, upravnim), u zajednici, kao i na nacionalnoj te međunarodnoj razini. Globalno priznato pravo djeteta na izražavanje mišljenja štiti se također pred Europskim sudom za ljudska prava koji kontinuirano razvija praksu zaštite participativnih prava djeteta. Pravo djeteta na izražavanje mišljenja izravno je povezano sa socijalnim radom, kao profesijom koja se temelji na principima poštovanja ljudskih prava uključujući prava djece i principu participacije korisnika što predstavlja temelj suvremenog socijalnog rada. Cilj je ovog rada na temelju analize sadržaja propisa, sudske prakse, domaće i strane literature pružiti pregled međunarodnog i nacionalnog pravnog okvira kojim se jamči pravo djeteta na izražavanje mišljenja u sudskim postupcima i socijalnom radu te ukazati na praktične probleme u ostvarivanju prava djeteta na izražavanje mišljenja, detektirane u domaćim i stranim istraživanjima.
The aim of this paper is to analyze the institute of the child’s special guardian in Croatian law and to assess its compliance with relevant international and European standards in this legal area. ...The paper discusses the right of the child to be heard “through a representative” under Article 12 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, European “child-friendly” legal representation standards and relevant cases in the latest case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The institute of special guardian in Croatian legislation and legal practice is analyzed in detail. Based on the analysis of data collected from the Special Guardianship Center and on the insight into relevant case law, the paper singles out the main problems that currently exist regarding child representation by special guardians in practice and identifies their causes, but also suggests what needs to be done to improve the application of relevant regulations in legal practice.
Contemporary developments in European procedural law reveal a growing interest in the protection and promotion of children's (procedural) rights. The right of the child to be heard in proceedings ...resulting in decisions which directly or indirectly affect its rights and interests, is a procedural right of the child, granted by numerous European documents. One of such proceedings is certainly divorce proceedings involving children. This paper is aimed at demonstrating and analysing the ways in which the right of the child to be heard is protected in European law as well as at examining whether the protection of the right of the child to be heard in divorce proceedings in Croatian law is harmonized with the standards of European law in this legal area. Considering that the latest reform of Croatian family legislation (2015) has proposed some new solutions relating to the expression of child's views in divorce proceedings, the author has conducted empirical research to examine the experiences of application of those solutions in legal practice.
The paper aims at presenting strict civil liability by a case liability of an owner as a subject of liability for dangerous things. The paper deals with strict liability for damages, its positive and ...negative impacts, issues about damages related codification in the European law; it discusses the notion of a dangerous thing, dangerous thing owner as a subject of liability with special reference to liability of motor vehicle owners, liability presumptions, possibilities of exemption from liability, it deals with several comparable damages-related solutions, opinions and ideas of notable Croatian and world's theoreticians. Since there is no legal definition of a dangerous thing the paper also gives a survey of case law answering the question what thing can be regarded as dangerous in the Croatian legal system, and when the owners of dangerous things are liable for the damage caused. The paper also pays special attention to some vague wording of the law regulating this legal problem area and how it reflects to case law; it also aims at reconsidering if there is a legal space and how to change the existing legal solutions and/or amend them by (modelled on some other advanced legal systems) clearer and more specific ones whose implementation would facilitate the passing of indisputable and legally justifiable judgements. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
Osobe u izvanbračnoj zajednici uživaju vrlo visok stupanj pravne zaštite u hrvatskom zakonodavstvu. I prije obiteljskopravnih reformi iz 2015. godine, izvanbračni su drugovi bili po mnogim pravima i ...obvezama izjednačeni s bračnim drugovima, ne samo u obiteljskom pravu, nego i propisima koji pripadaju drugim granama prava. Najnovijim su obiteljskopravnim reforma svi pravni učinci braka, u svim granama prava, prošireni i na izvanbračnu zajednicu. Drugim riječima, izvanbračna se zajednica danas razlikuje od braka samo prema načinu nastanka i prestanka. Dok brak nastaje formalnom izjavom volje za sklapanje braka, izvanbračna zajednica i dalje ostaje neformalna zakonska kategorija u hrvatskom pravu. Polazeći od pretpostavke da se učinkovitost zakona očituje u njegovoj primjeni, odnosno u pravnoj praksi, nameće se pitanje dokazivanja postojanja i dužine trajanja s brakom potpuno izjednačene izvanbračne zajednice. Životna zajednica je pravni standard i zakon ne upućuje na sastavnice životne zajednice koje čine njezin bitan sadržaj. S obzirom na to koje sve pravne učinke izvanbračna zajednica u našem pravnom sustavu proizvodi, na sudovima je golem teret odgovornosti kod procjenjivanja ima li konkretna izvanbračna zajednica obilježja životne zajednice vrijedne zakonske zaštite te ako ima, kada je započela i kada prestala. Dokazivanje postojanja i dužine trajanja izvanbračne zajednice ne otežava samo njezin neformalni oblik nego i visok stupanj neujednačenosti među propisima. Različiti propisi određuju različite pretpostavke postojanja izvanbračne zajednice, pa i načine njezina dokazivanja. Posljedica takvog pravnog stanja može biti da su iste osobe izvanbračni drugovi prema jednom propisu, a prema drugom ne, kao i da ista osoba ima više izvanbračnih drugova pa naizgled visok stupanj pravne zaštite koji osobe u izvanbračnoj zajednici uživaju u domaćim propisima često stvara pravnu nesigurnost u pravnoj praksi. U radu se ukazuje na pravnu nesigurnost kod dokazivanja izvanbračne zajednice u hrvatskom pravu te na moguća rješenja spornih pitanja koja otvara neujednačeno zakonodavstvo i sudska praksa.
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