Cancer stemness has been reported to drive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumorigenesis and treatment resistance. In this study, five HCC cohorts with 1059 patients were collected to calculate ...transcriptional stemness indexes (mRNAsi) by the one-class logistic regression machine learning algorithm. In the TCGA-LIHC cohort, we found mRNAsi was an independent prognostic factor, and 626 mRNAsi-related genes were identified by Spearman correlation analysis. The HCC stemness risk model (HSRM) was trained in the TCGA-LIHC cohort and significantly discriminated overall survival in four independent cohorts. HSRM was also significantly associated with transarterial chemoembolization treatment response and rapid tumor growth in HCC patients. Consensus clustering was conducted based on mRNAsi-related genes to divide 1059 patients into two stemness subtypes. On gene set variation analysis, samples of subtype I were found enriched with pathways such as DNA replication and cell cycle, while several liver-specific metabolic pathways were inhibited in these samples. Somatic mutation analysis revealed more frequent mutations of
and
in the subtype I samples. In silico analysis suggested topoisomerase, cyclin-dependent kinase, and histone deacetylase as potential targets to inhibit HCC stemness. In vitro assay showed two predicted compounds, Aminopurvalanol-a and NCH-51, effectively suppressed oncosphere formation and impaired viability of HCC cell lines, which may shed new light on HCC treatment.
Photo-Fenton processes have been widely studied in wastewater treatment. In this research, the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) was carried out in a new heterogeneous photo-Fenton process. The ...ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS) was used as chelating agent in this system with two different kinds of commercially available nanosized hematite (30 nm and 80 nm) addition. The results showed that the present of EDDS could enhance the degradation efficiency. And can be concluded that the degradation efficiency is better in the system with 30 nm hematite. The TEM, XRD, and specific surface area were conducted to understand the different characteristics of the two size hematite. The adsorption experiments of BPA and EDDS on hematite proved that there was little adsorption of BPA while the EDDS was adsorbed much more on hematite, which has confirmed Fe(III) and EDDS can form Fe(III)-EDDS complex. The effects of different parameters including hematite loading, H
2
O
2
, and EDDS concentrations on the degradation process were investigated. According to the results, the optimum condition for BPA degradation using 30 nm (0.8 g L
−1
hematite, 0.1 mmol L
−1
H
2
O
2
, and 1.2 mmol L
−1
EDDS) and 80 nm (0.6 g L
−1
hematite, 0.05 mmol L
−1
H
2
O
2
, and 1.2 mmol L
−1
EDDS) hematite were selected. It was confirmed that the ·OH plays an important role in the oxidation process through attacking the BPA molecule and produce hydroxyl addition derivative. In addition, O
2
can react with electron (e
−
) and holes (h
+
) produced by iron oxide under UV irradiation to create
1
O
2
, which could work as potential reactive species to oxidize BPA.
Alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for scalable hydrogen production largely hinges on addressing the sluggish bubble‐involved kinetics on the traditional Ni‐based electrode, especially for ...ampere‐level current densities and beyond. Herein, 3D‐printed Ni‐based sulfide (3DPNS) electrodes with varying scaffolds are designed and fabricated. In situ observations at microscopic levels demonstrate that the bubble escape velocity increases with the number of hole sides (HS) in the scaffolds. Subsequently, we conduct multiphysics field simulations to illustrate that as the hole shapes transition from square, pentagon, and hexagon to circle, where a noticeable reduction in the bubble‐attached HS length and the pressure balance time around the bubbles results in a decrease in bubble size and an acceleration in the rate of bubble escape. Ultimately, the 3DPNS electrode with circular hole configurations exhibits the most favorable HER performance with an overpotential of 297 mV at the current density of up to 1000 mA cm−2 for 120 h. The present study highlights a scalable and effective electrode scaffold design that promotes low‐cost and low‐energy green hydrogen production through the ampere‐level alkaline HER.
Three‐dimensional‐printed Ni‐based sulfide (3DPNS) electrodes with different scaffolds are designed and manufactured, aiming at elucidating the relationship between the number of hole sides (HS) within the electrode scaffold and bubble escape. Notably, the 3DPNS‐circle electrode, with the highest number of HS, demonstrates exceptional activity in the ampere‐level alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Human spermatozoa proteomics exposed to some physical, biological or chemical stressors is being explored. However, there is a lack of optimized sample preparation methods to achieve in-depth protein ...coverage for sperm cells. Meanwhile, it is not clear whether antibiotics can regulate proteins to affect sperm quality. Here, we systematically compared a total of six different protein extraction methods based the combination of three commonly used lysis buffers and physical lysis strategies. The urea buffer combined with ultrasonication (UA-ultrasonication) produced the highest protein extraction rate, leading to the deepest coverage of human sperm proteome (5685 protein groups) from healthy human sperm samples. Since the antibiotics, amoxicillin and clarithromycin, have been widely used against
infection, we conduct a longitudinal study of sperm proteome via data-independent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry (DIA-MS/MS) on an infected patient during on and off therapy with these two drugs. The semen examination and morphological analysis were performed combined with proteomics analysis. Our results indicated that antibiotics may cause an increase in the sperm concentration and the rate of malformed sperm and disrupt proteome expression in sperm. This work provides an optimized extraction method to characterize the in-depth human sperm proteome and to extend its clinical applications.
Objective
This study was designed to examine the relationship between third molar agenesis and skeletal morphology in the Chinese population.
Materials and methods
A total of 1043 patients’ records ...were analyzed with panoramic radiographs and cephalograms. Congenitally missing third molars were assessed with respect to gender, jaw, and side, and assessed in various types of facial morphology. Linear, angular, and proportional cephalometric measurements were analyzed and compared among the samples. For the evaluation of results, the following statistics were used: the Pearson
χ
2
test, one-way ANOVA, and the Student–Newman–Keuls method.
Results
The overall prevalence of third molar agenesis was 28.7%. Missing third molars were more common in the maxilla and on the right side, while the difference was not statistically significant (
P
> 0.05) between genders. Every hypodontia group had a smaller SN-GoGn angle,
Y
-axis-FH angle, and a larger S-Go/N-Me ratio. The group with third molar agenesis in both jaws had smaller SNA and Wits values. The frequency of third molar agenesis in subjects with a Class II malocclusion was significantly lower than in other types of malocclusion (
P
< 0.05), and the incidence of third molar agenesis in hypodivergent growth pattern was higher than in other patterns (
P
< 0.05).
Conclusion
The results demonstrate a possible association between third molar agenesis and both sagittal and vertical craniofacial morphology.
The enormous quantity of text makes it challenging for users to obtain the key information and knowledge. Automatic text summarization can alleviate this problem by providing reliable summaries for ...massive text documents. During the last decade, significant achievements have been made in text summarization. We conduct this survey to explore what research community is focused on, the application scenarios of summarization, the state-of-the-art techniques and methods, and to analyze the challenges and future direction. We summarize that incorporating with natural language processing, previous text summarization research applied knowledge-based methods, graph-based methods, statistical learning methods, and deep learning methods. Applying large language model to text summarization is still in its early stages. By analyzing current research progress, we conclude that understand semantic information and specific domain knowledge is required for text summarization, and the conciseness and readability of the summary should be ensured. The future research opportunity is automatic knowledge summarization, and more research effort is urgently needed to explore.
•Significant achievements of automatic text summarization have been made.•We aim to explore the research community of automatic text summarization.•Incorporating with NLP, text summarization applied knowledge-based, graph-based and machine learning methods.•The combination of extractive and abstractive strategies is required, which can ensure the quality of the summary.•The future research opportunity is automatic knowledge summarization.
Herein, a photoredox-driven practical protocol for fluorinated alkene synthesis using easily accessible and modular thianthrenium salts with electron-withdrawing alkynes or propargyl alcohols is ...reported. Vinyl radical intermediates, formed by the reaction between the alkyl or trifluoromethyl thianthrenium salts and electronically diverse alkynes, can mediate the key 1,5-HAT process of regioselective C(sp3)–H fluorination and vinylation. This protocol provides straightforward access to structurally diverse trifluoromethyl- or distally fluoro-functionalized alkene products in 21–79% yields with a broad substrate range under mild photocatalytic conditions.
The electrochemical deconstructive functionalization of cycloalkanols with nucleophiles has been studied, which allows functionalization to occur exclusively at the β-position of ketones. The ...substrate scope includes a wide range of cycloalkanols as well as diverse N, O, C, and P-centered nucleophiles, providing ready access to β-functionalized ketones as products. Mechanistic studies support the generation of α,β-unsaturated ketones as key intermediates followed by Michael addition with nucleophiles.
•The replacement of Mn to Fe in FeOOH could form OV-rich (Fe0.67Mn0.33)OOH.•The surface metal−OH facilitated the production of •OH.•FeIII could be served as Lewis sites to facilitate the formation of ...(FeIII−PMS)−OH−.
A novel ternary composite catalyst (FeOOH/Fe2O3/(Fe0.67Mn0.33)OOH) directly prepared from electrolytic manganese residue was applied for terpineol degradation in this study. The reaction system could remove 76.8% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) from simulated water containing terpineol (100 mg/L), while the degradation process could be accelerated under alkaline condition (84.6% at pH 9.0). The degradation performances of Fe2O3, FeOOH and (Fe0.67Mn0.33)OOH indicated that the in-situ formed (Fe0.67Mn0.33)OOH riched in oxygen vacancies (OV) could promote the PMS activation activity of catalyst mainly ascribed by enhancing interfacial electron transfer. The ·OH was the primary active radical, the production of which was favored by the metal−OH. This ternary composite catalyst had anti-jamming ability toward most common ions. Further, this system also displayed an outstanding degradation ability for actual mineral processing wastewater (93.2% COD removal). The developed system expanded the horizon for the high-value utilization of metallurgical slag and the treatment of refractory organic pollutants in mineral processing wastewater.
The photoinitiated deaminative 3 + 2 annulation reaction of N-aminopyridinium salts with alkenes for the synthesis of functionalized γ-lactams is described. This transformation shows good functional ...group tolerance as well as excellent diastereoselectivity. Preliminary studies suggest that the employed N-aminopyridinium salts generate the key amidyl radical intermediates through N–N bond cleavage via a photoinduced single-electron transfer (SET) process. The amidyl radical species would add to the double bond of alkenes, followed by a radical-mediated annulation process, to afford the desired γ-lactams.
