Background
Despite extensive research on the criteria for the assessment of gastric cancer risk using the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) and Operative Link on ...Gastritis/Intestinal-Metaplasia Assessment (OLGIM) systems, no comprehensive overview or systematic summary on their use is currently available.
Aim
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of the OLGA and OLGIM staging systems in evaluating gastric cancer risk.
Methods
We searched various databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and Cochrane’s library, for articles published before March 2017 on the association between OLGA/OLGIM stages and risk of gastric cancer. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.30 and Stata 14.0, with the odds ratio, risk ratio, and 95% confidence interval as the effect measures.
Results
A meta-analysis of six case–control studies and two cohort studies, comprising 2700 subjects, was performed. The meta-analysis of prospective case–control studies demonstrated a significant association between the OLGA/OLGIM stages III/IV and gastric cancer. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) score reflected heterogeneity in the case–control studies on OLGA. Subgroup analysis of high-quality (NOS score ≥ 5) studies showed an association between OLGA stage III/IV and increased risk of gastric cancer; the association was also high in the remaining study with low NOS score. The association between higher stages of gastritis defined by OLGA and risk of gastric cancer was significant.
Conclusions
This correlation implies that close and frequent monitoring of such high-risk patients is necessary to facilitate timely diagnosis of gastric cancer.
Bacterial pollution is a great risk for human health. Nanotechnology offers a way to develop new inorganic antibacterial agents. Nano-inorganic metal oxide has a potential to reduce bacterial ...contamination. MgO is an important inorganic oxide and has been widely used in many fields. Many studies have shown that MgO nanoparticles have good antibacterial activity. Therefore, in this paper, the main synthesis methods, antibacterial activity and antibacterial mechanisms of MgO nanoparticles are reviewed.
A new wrought magnesium (Mg) alloy based on Mg–6.0Zn–0.5Mn (ZM60) is developed, which performs excellent combination of high tensile yield strength and good ductility. We investigate the effects of ...micro-alloying on dynamic precipitation, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and mechanical properties of ZM60 alloy. The co-addition of minor (0.6 wt%) neodymium (Nd) and (0.3 wt%) erbium (Er) can accelerate the twinning and DRX process of ZM60 alloy at the initial compression deformation stage. The dynamic precipitation process is also accelerated due to Nd and Er co-alloying. Dislocation accumulation disappears and a higher density of rod β1′ precipitates and some thick β2′ precipitates in matrix and fine twins, which inhibits the growth of DRX grains in compressed ZM60–0.6Nd–0.3Er alloy. The as-extruded ZM60–0.6Nd–0.3Er alloy has a yield strength (YS) of 245.8 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 347.2 MPa and elongation (EL) of 16.3%. The yield strength and tensile strength are improved via minor Nd and Er additions due to fine complete DRX grains, second phase particles and high density of precipitates. The grain refinement, weakened reserved working hardening and weakened basal fiber texture improve the elongation of ZM60–0.6Nd–0.3Er alloy.
In this study, we investigate the twinning behavior and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of Mg–7Sn–3Zn alloy under a high strain rate (10 s−1) during hot compression deformation. At a relatively low ...temperature (300 °C) and high strain rate (10 s−1), the preferential occurrence of multiple {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twin variant at the initial compressed stage is attributed to the Schmid factor (SF) criterion, and the following {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twin variants nucleate because of the geometric compatibility factor mʹ of the ortho-position twin pair. Because of the growth and interaction between the ortho-position {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twin pairs, the volume fraction of 60° <101‾0> boundaries evidently increases. Moreover, as the logarithmic strain increases, the volume fraction of {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twins and 60° <101‾0> boundaries significantly decreases, and a few {101‾1}<101‾2> compression twins and {101‾2}–{101‾1} double twins form. Then, twinning-induced dynamic recrystallization (TDRX) as a primary DRX mechanism occurs in {101‾1}<101‾2> compression twins and {101‾2}–{101‾1} double twins. These results indicate that at a high temperature (400 °C) and 10 s−1, certain {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twins form during the early stage compression in accordance with the SF criterion, and discontinuous DRX (DDRX) occurs along the original grain boundaries because of the higher deformation temperature, which increases the nucleation rate and promotes the migration of grain boundaries. With the accumulation of logarithmic strain, continuous DRX (CDRX) occurs. The recrystallization grains consume the twin boundaries, which causes the {101‾2}<101‾1> tension twins to merge. Under the same logarithmic strain, when the deformation temperature increases from 300 °C to 400 °C, the DRX process is significantly improved.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colonic stenting as a bridge to surgery versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction.
...Methods
Randomized clinical trials (RCT) that compared the efficacy or safety of preoperative colonic stents versus emergency surgery for acute left-sided malignant colonic obstruction were searched in medical databases, including PubMed, OVID, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Statistical heterogeneity between trials was evaluated by Revman 5.1 and was considered to exist at
I
2
> 50 %.
Results
Seven RCTs were identified. There was a total of 382 patients, 195 who received a colonic stent and 187 who received emergency surgery. Compared with the emergency surgery group, the colonic stent group achieved significantly more favorable rates of permanent stoma, primary anastomosis, wound infection, and overall complications. There was no significant difference between the two groups in anastomotic leakage, mortality, or intra-abdominal infection. Inspection of funnel plots for all outcome measures did not reveal evidence of publication bias.
Conclusions
Self-expanding metal stents serve as a safe and effective bridge to subsequent surgery in patients with obstructing left-sided colon cancer. They can significantly improve one-stage surgery rates, and decrease the rates of permanent stoma and wound infection.
The metabolic change of tumor cells is an extremely complicated process that involves the intersection and integration of various signal pathways. Compared with normal tissues, cancer cells show ...distinguished metabolic characteristics called metabolic reprogramming, which has been considered as a sign of cancer occurrence. With the deepening of tumor research in recent years, people gradually found that amino acid metabolism played crucial roles in cancer progression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are implicated in many important biological processes, were firstly discovered dysregulating in cancer tissues and participating in extensive regulation of tumorigenesis. This review focuses on the reprogramming of amino acid metabolism in cancers and how lncRNAs participate in the regulatory network by interacting with other macromolecular substances. Understanding the functions of lncRNA in amino acid reprogramming in tumors might provide a new vision on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and the development of new approaches for cancer therapy.
Exosomes have emerged as a novel approach for the treatment and diagnosis of cancer after RNA content was discovered in exosomes in 2007. As important meditators of intercellular communication, ...exosomes have become a strong focus of investigation for researchers in the past decade, as witnessed through the exponential increase of research on exosomes. The capability of exosomes to transfer functionally active cargo highlights their importance as promising biomarkers and diagnostic molecules, as well as prospective drug delivery systems. The accessibility of exosomes in nearly all biofluids additionally alludes to its unprecedented ability in various types of cancers due to its extensive impact on tumor formation and progression. This review analyzes the role of exosomal long RNA species, which is comprised of mRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA, in tumor formation and progression, with an emphasis on their potential as future diagnostic biomarkers and treatment vectors in cancer biology. Their alignment with the development of exosomal databases is further examined in this review, in view of the accumulation of studies published on exosomes in the past decade.
PDF
