Composite nanostructures play a crucial role in gas sensing applications owing to their tunable properties and sizes. The main goal of this article is to prepare camphor sulfonic acid ...(10–50 wt%)-doped PAni/α-Fe2O3 (PFC) composite nanostructured films on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate through in-situ polymerization process and study their gas sensing activity towards various gases. Structural and morphological measurements along with gas sensing properties in terms of selectivity, response, stability, and response-recovery times are investigated and reported. The gas selectivity tests of flexible PFC nanostructured composite films are performed towards different gases such as NO2, NH3, LPG, CH3OH, and C2H5OH etc., wherein all the flexible PFC (10–50%) films demonstrate a superior selectivity towards NH3 gas even in the presence of other test gases. Among the different compositions, 30% PFC flexible film exhibits highest response of 72% to 100 ppm NH3 with good response time of 65 s. The systematic study between PFC flexible nanocomposite films and NH3 gas is conducted and reported. In addition, the interfacial charge transfer kinetics across NH3 and PFC film interface was investigated by means of impendence spectroscopy study.
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•Novel route of preparation of camphor sulfonic acid doped PAni-Fe2O3 (PFC) flexible films.•XRD, FTIR, and RAMAN analysis confirms the formation of PFC composites.•PFC films are highly selective towards NH3 gas at room temperature.•PFC films able to detect as low as 2.5 ppm concentration of NH3 gas.•30% PFC flexible film exhibits highest response of 72%–100 ppm NH3 gas with good response time of 65 s.
From Table 1, it is evident that during 23th to 36th SWM the initial probability of being wet week ranged from 70 to 100 %, indicating a good number of wet spells during vegetative growth period of ...rice crop. Amount of surplus water from nursery to reproductive stage is varies from 50 mm to 496 mm and deficit at maturity stage with 16.1 mm. It is seen that Dapoli station may experience appreciable water surplus during most of the growth stages and at maturity stage rainwater availability is negligible which is beneficial in respect of timely harvesting of quality rice.
Standard clinical and immunohistochemical methods cannot reliably determine whether a small intestinal carcinoid (SIC) is indolent or aggressive. We hypothesized that carcinoid malignancy could be ...defined by using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical approaches that evaluate potential marker genes.
Candidate marker gene expression (nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 NAP1L1, melanoma antigen D2 MAGE-D2, and metastasis-associated protein 1 MTA1) identified by Affymetrix transcriptional profiling was examined by QRT-PCR in SIC, liver, and lymph node (LN) metastases, colorectal carcinomas, and healthy tissues. Immunohistochemical expression levels of MTA1 were analyzed quantitatively by a novel automated quantitative analysis in a tissue microarray of 102 gastrointestinal carcinoids and in a breast/prostate carcinoma array.
Affymetrix transcriptional profiling identified three potentially useful malignancy-marker genes (out of 1709 significantly altered genes). By QRT-PCR, NAP1L1 was significantly (P < .03) overexpressed in SIC compared with colorectal carcinomas and healthy tissue. Increased levels (P < .05) were identified in both liver and LN metastases. Levels in colorectal carcinomas were the same as in healthy mucosa. MAGE-D2 and MTA1 were increased (P < .05) in primary tumors and metastases and overexpressed in carcinomas. Automated quantitative analysis demonstrated the highest levels of MTA1 immunostaining in malignant primary SICs and in metastases to the liver and LN. These were significantly increased (P < .02) compared with nonmetastatic primary tumors. MTA1 was overexpressed in breast and prostate carcinomas (P < .05).
SICs overexpress the neoplasia-related genes NAP1L1 (mitotic regulation), MAGE-D2 (adhesion), and MTA1 (estrogen antagonism). The ability to determine the malignant potential of these tumors and their propensity to metastasize provides a biological rationale for the management of carcinoids and may have prognostic utility.
•Characterization of MnO2, PANI and PANI/MnO2 reported.•CV, galvanostatic charging discharging and EIS reported.•The observations have shown substantial increase in voltage window of MnO2.•Paper ...reports improvement in specific energy and power of the ES.•Simulation studies are carried out on observed EIS.
The present paper discusses synthesis and characterization of MnO2, poly-aniline (PANI) and PANI/MnO2 thin films on stainless steel substrates (SS) for electrochemical supercapacitor applications. The MnO2 thin films are formed using galvano-static electrodeposition of Mn, following electrochemical oxidation in a KOH bath. PANI and PANI/MnO2 layered thin films are also prepared via electrochemical polymerization and electrodeposition techniques. The thin films are investigated for their structural and morphological studies. Further, the electrochemical super-capacitive properties are probed using cyclic voltametry (CV), galvano-static charging–discharging and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The layered PANI/MnO2 has shown a significant increase in voltage window and consequently the specific energy and power over parent MnO2 electrode.
Opioid analgesics used for analgesia are associated with sedation, respiratory depression and post-operative nausea and vomiting. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as diclofenac are a safe ...and effective alternative with opioid-sparing effect.
To evaluate the effectiveness of pre-operative rectal diclofenac suppository (1 mg/kg) in cleft palate repair for post-operative analgesia and reduction in post-operative opioid requirements.
A randomized clinical trial.
After obtaining approval from the institutional ethical committee, 60 children were allocated by a computer-generated randomisation into two groups of 30 each; group D (Diclofenac group) and group C (Conventional group). Children in group D and group C were similar in all aspects except for the fact that group D children received 1 mg/kg diclofenac suppository after induction. Pain was evaluated using modification of the objective pain scale by Hannallah and colleagues for 6 h post-operatively by an anaesthesiology resident or nursing staff who was blinded to the group. If the pain score was more than 3, rescue analgesic I.V. fentanyl 0.5 μgm/kg was administered. The pain scores at different intervals, number of doses and quantity of rescue analgesic required were noted.
We observed that pre-operative rectal diclofenac provided effective analgesia in the immediate post-operative period, as evidenced by reduced pain scores and reduced opioid requirement (P=0.00002). There was no evidence of any increased perioperative bleeding in the diclofenac group.
Pre-operative rectal diclofenac reduces opioid consumption and provides good post-operative analgesia.
1 Gastrointestinal Surgical Pathobiology Research Group, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
2 Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University ...School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
3 Membrane Biology Research Group, Wadsworth Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia and then irreversible neoplasia can be generated in the African rodent Mastomys natalensis using the H2 receptor blocker, loxtidine, for 816 wk. We used a GeneChip approach complemented by standard technologies to identify gene expression alterations in the gastric mucosa during gastrin-mediated ECL cell transformation. Gastric mucosa (mucosal scrapping) and ECL cell-enriched fractions were obtained from untreated Mastomys (controls) and from animals treated with loxtidine for 8 wk (hyperplasia). Tumor ECL cells were obtained by hand-dissection of gastric ECL cell nodules from animals treated with loxtidine for >16 wk and from a spontaneously developed ECL cell tumor. RNA was isolated, examined on rat U34A GeneChips, and comparison analysis was performed to identify altered gene expression. Alterations in gene expressions were examined further by immunohistochemistry, quantitative RT-PCR (Q-RT-PCR), sequencing and Western blot. GeneSpring analysis demonstrated alterations in few genes (<20) in hyperplastic and tumor mucosa. The histamine H1 receptor was consistently increased in proliferating mucosa. This gene change was confirmed by Q-RT-PCR. Other genes showing alterations included neural-(chromogranin A and somatostatin), cell-cycle-, and AP-1-associated genes. Immunostaining confirmed alterations in neural markers. Cluster analysis of ECL cell-enriched samples demonstrated that c- fos and junD were differently regulated. Q-RT-PCR and Western blot in prospectively collected gastric mucosal samples confirmed the differential expression of Fos and Jun. The negative regulators of AP-1, JunD, and Menin were decreased in tumor mucosa. A missense of unknown function was noted in the menin gene. Hypergastrinemia in an animal model of gastric carcinoids differentially altered the histamine type 1 receptor and gene expression and protein composition of AP-1. These results suggest that expression of this receptor and an altered composition of AP-1 with a loss of inhibition play a role in ECL cell transformation.
enterochromaffin-like cell; GeneChip; histamine
We present a bacterial genome computational analysis pipeline, called GenVar. The pipeline, based on the program GeneWise, is designed to analyze an annotated genome and automatically identify missed ...gene calls and sequence variants such as genes with disrupted reading frames (split genes) and those with insertions and deletions (indels). For a given genome to be analyzed, GenVar relies on a database containing closely related genomes (such as other species or strains) as well as a few additional reference genomes. GenVar also helps identify gene disruptions probably caused by sequencing errors. We exemplify GenVar's capabilities by presenting results from the analysis of four Brucella genomes. Brucella is an important human pathogen and zoonotic agent. The analysis revealed hundreds of missed gene calls, new split genes and indels, several of which are species specific and hence provide valuable clues to the understanding of the genome basis of Brucella pathogenicity and host specificity.
Background: Infectious diseases are major cause of morbidity and mortality in children. One of the most cost effective and easy methods for the child survival is immunization. Objective was to ...determine the immunization coverage and find out the various factors and its reasons for partial or non-immunization of child. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for the assessment of immunization coverage in the field practice area of the urban health training center using WHO 30×7 clusters sampling method during March 2021 to October 2022. A total of seven children aged 12-23 months were interviewed from each cluster on pretested, predesigned schedule, thus giving us the sample size of 210. Chi square test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 210 children aged 12-23 months were included in the study. It was found that 158 (75.24%) of the children were found to be fully immunized. While 49 (23.34%) and 3 (1.42%) nonimmunized respectively. Most common reason for partial and non-immunization of children was found to be obstacles and lack of motivation on the part of parents. There is only statistically significant association between education of mothers and immunization status of children. Conclusions: Increasing the knowledge and understanding of the caretakers of the young children abouts the essentiality and benefits of routine immunization would be a strong step forward in achieving the goals.
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