Additionally, BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, and BF.7 exhibited susceptibility to BA.2.76 breakthrough infection serum samples; however, BA.2.75 showed more resistance than BA.2 and BA.4/5 (figure E). ......BA.2.75 is more resistant to breakthrough BF.7 infection neutralisation than BA.2 and BA.4/5. ...comparisons showed that BA.5.1.2 breakthrough infections induced a broader antibody response against the tested subvariants and induced significantly higher geometric mean titres against BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 compared with delta, BA.1, BA.2.2, BA.2.76, or BF.7 breakthrough infections (figure; appendix p 7). Omicron subvariants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 with increased resistance to neutralising antibodies can pose a challenge to immunity induced by vaccination or infection and render therapeutic monoclonal antibodies ineffective.3–6 Our results suggest that BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 extensively, but incompletely, escape omicron subvariant breakthrough infection neutralisation, including the most recent BA.5.1.2, BA.2.76, and BF.7 infections.
Abstract Background Epidemiologic studies have reported conflicting findings between soy- and legume-derived dietary isoflavones and risk of endometrial cancer. Objective The aim of the present ...meta-analysis was to quantitatively investigate the association between daily intake of soy- and legume-derived isoflavones and risk of endometrial cancer. Design A broad search was conducted in the following electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, the China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, and the Chinese Biomedical Database based on combinations of the key words endometrial cancer , isoflavone , soy , and legume for epidemiologic studies that focused on relationships between dietary isoflavones and endometrial cancer risk. A fixed-effect or random-effect model was used to pool study-specific risk estimates. Results A total of 13 epidemiologic studies were included in the present meta-analysis, consisting of three prospective cohort studies and 10 population-based case-control studies. The final results indicated that higher dietary isoflavone levels from soy products and legumes were associated with a reduced risk of endometrial cancer (odds ratio OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.89). Low heterogeneous bias was observed ( I2 =11.7%; P =0.327). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study design, source of dietary isoflavones, and study region. When restricted to study design, dietary isoflavones from soy and legumes played a role in prevention of endometrial cancer in case-control studies (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90). However, there did not appear to be an association between dietary isoflavones and endometrial cancer in cohort studies (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.00). Significant associations were found between dietary isoflavones from soy products (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72 to 0.92) and legumes (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.74 to 0.96) and endometrial cancer. Dietary isoflavones were associated with reduced incidence of endometrial cancer, both in Asian countries (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.93) and non-Asian countries (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92). Conclusions The findings suggest a weak inverse association between higher consumption of dietary isoflavones from soy products and legumes and endometrial cancer risk. However, there is still a need for large, prospective epidemiologic studies that provide a higher level of evidence to verify these findings.
A promising pathway for carbon usage and energy storage is electrocatalytic reduction of CO to form high-value multi-carbon products. Herein, the d–p coupled triatomic catalyst CuB2@g-C3N4 with ...significant activity and selectivity for ethanol is presented for the first time. Density functional theory calculations elucidate that these spatially confined triatomic centers are capable of immobilizing multiple CO molecules, providing an exclusive reaction channel for direct C–C coupling. The CuB2@g-C3N4 catalyst can effectively reduce the energy barrier of CO dimerization to 0.46 eV. The limiting potential is only −0.19 V, which is much smaller than that of other Cu-based catalysts. Additionally, the CuB2@g-C3N4 catalyst can effectively inhibit the generation of competing C1 products and hydrogen evolution reactions. Excitingly, CuB2 loading makes g-C3N4 more optically active in visible and even infrared light. This work provides important ideas for the atomically precise design of novel d–p coupled catalysts for the direct conversion of CO2/CO into energetic fuels and high-value chemicals.
Optimizing the metabolism of the myocardium is a new strategy for patients with ischemic heart disease. Many studies have reported beneficial effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) on the clinical prognosis ...of patients with ischemic heart disease, but whether these beneficial effects are extended to patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains uncertain. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of TMZ on patients undergoing PCI. We conducted an electronic search of PubMed, Cochrane databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biological Medicine Database to identify randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality was assessed according to the Jadad scale score, and the meta-analysis was performed using Cochrane Collaboration RevMan 5.2 and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. Dichotomous data were analyzed using relative risk (RR) or odds ratio (OR) with effect size indicated by the 95% confidence interval (CI), and continuous variables were analyzed using weighted mean differences (WMD) with effect size indicated by the 95% CI. Sensitivity analysis was performed by changing the statistical methods and effect model. Nine studies involving a total of 778 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Additional use of TMZ significantly improved the left ventricular ejection fraction (WMD: 3.11, 95% CI: 2.26, 3.96) and reduced elevated cardiac troponin Ic level (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.48, 0.99), angina attacks during PCI (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.38), and ischemic ST-T changes on the echocardiogram during PCI (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.98). However, no significant difference was observed in serum BNP level 30 days after PCI between the experimental and control group. Additional use of TMZ for patients undergoing PCI may reduce myocardial injury during the procedure and improve cardiac function.
A divergent intramolecular phosphination of alkynes is developed. Fine tuning of chemo- and regioselectivity has been realized by just adding LiBr or H2O to give 5-exo-dig and 6-endo-dig ...phosphacycles, respectively. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of the control experiments and 31P NMR spectra analysis. The absorption and emission properties of the obtained 1-phosphaphenalenes were also studied.
Alcohol exposure induces adipose hyperlipolysis and causes excess fatty acid influx into the liver, leading to alcoholic steatosis. The impacts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on ...ethanol-induced fatty liver are well documented. However, the role of n-3 PUFA in ethanol-induced adipose lipolysis has not been sufficiently addressed. In this study, the fat-1 transgenic mice that synthesizes endogenous n-3 from n-6 PUFA and their wild type littermates with an exogenous n-3 PUFA enriched diet were subjected to a chronic ethanol feeding plus a single binge as model to induce liver injury with adipose lipolysis. Additionally, the differentiated adipocytes from 3T3-L1 cells were treated with docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid for mechanism studies. Our results demonstrated that endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA enrichment ameliorates ethanol-stimulated adipose lipolysis by increasing PDE3B activity and reducing cAMP accumulation in adipocyte, which was associated with activation of GPR120 and regulation of Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK signaling, resultantly blocking fatty acid trafficking from adipose tissue to the liver, which contributing to ameliorating ethanol-induced adipose dysfunction and liver injury. Our findings identify that endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA enrichment ameliorated alcoholic liver injury by activation of GPR120 to suppress ethanol-stimulated adipose lipolysis, which provides the new insight to the hepatoprotective effect of n-3 PUFA against alcoholic liver disease.
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•N-3 PUFA enrichment ameliorates ethanol-stimulated adipose lipolysis.•The anti-lipolysis effect of n-3 PUFA is associated with activation of GPR120.•The activation of GPR120 regulated Ca2+/CaMKKβ/AMPK/PDE3B/cAMP signaling.•The anti-lipolysis effect of n-3 PUFA alleviated ethanol-induced liver injury.
High-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) is widely used in hemodialysis centers and is the mode of hemodialysis actively recommended by the guidelines. Additionally, hemodiafiltration (HDF) is widely used in ...clinical practice. However, there are some inconsistencies in the results of studies on the effects of HDF and HFHD, which has caused controversy regarding which of these two dialysis modalities to select.
To explore the effect of HFHD and HDF on the survival of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
A systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP databases was conducted, focusing on cohort studies and randomized controlled trials on hemodialysis in patients with ESKD using HFHD or HDF. A meta-analysis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software, and fixed and random effect models were applied according to the heterogeneity results.
A total of 13 studies, including six cohort studies and seven randomized controlled trials, were included in the final analysis. The results revealed that HFHD had no statistically significant effect on the all-cause mortality (odds ratio (OR): 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86, 1.57) or cardiovascular mortality (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.64, 1.15) of patients with ESKD. However, compared with HDF, HFHD reduced the infection mortality rate (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.77).
Compared with HDF, HFHD has no obvious benefits for all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality in patients with ESKD, but reduced risk of infection-related death.
The response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) monotherapy remains unsatisfactory in patients with NSCLC. Thus, combining ICIs with other potential modalities is of great significance to enhance ...the response of single drug alone. Here, we identified that HIF-1α inhibition was capable of promoting anti-tumor immunity in NSCLC. We applied NSCLC cell lines and mouse models to evaluate the synergy of combined HIF-1α inhibition and PD-1 blockade on tumor growth and the function of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Public datasets were utilized to investigate patients' prognosis based on expressions of HIF-1α and LOXL2 as well as EMT-associated markers and CD8+ TILs. Moreover, we explored the correlation between HIF-1α and LOXL2 levels and CD8+ TILs in tumor samples from patients with NSCLC by immunohistochemistry, as well as their association to patients’ survival. In vitro, PX-478, an HIF-1α inhibitor, promoted tumor cell apoptosis induced by T cells when combined with ICIs. Furthermore, mice treated with PX-478 and anti-PD-1 antibodies exhibited a marked delay in tumor growth and prolonged survival, which correlated with increased TILs and granzyme B secretion. Besides, patients with high HIF-1α expression exhibited high levels of EMT-related markers and low TILs, indicating an immunosuppressive phenotype. Mechanistically, we observed that HIF-1α inhibition suppressed the EMT phenotypes induced by hypoxia and further alleviated tumor immunosuppression, which was related to blockage of HIF-1α/LOXL2 signaling pathway. In summary, we identified that HIF-1α inhibition could synergize with anti-PD-1 to impair tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Our data suggest that HIF-1α inhibitors represent a promising treatment to enhance anti-tumor immunity and provide preclinical rationale to evaluate the combination of ICIs with HIF-1α inhibition clinically in NSCLC.
•Attenuating hypoxia-induced EMT phenotypes may increase tumor infiltrated activating T cells.•Downregulation of EMT by HIF-1α inhibition was associated with suppression of the HIF-1α-LOXL2 signaling pathway.•The combination of HIF-1α inhibition and ICIs can induce significant tumor regression and improve efficacy of immunotherapy.
Estimating distribution of water uptake with depth of winter wheat by hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes under different irrigation depths GUO Fei, MA Juan-juan, ZHENG Li-jian, SUN Xi-huan, GUO Xiang-hong, ZHANG Xue-lan (1 Fujian Key Lab of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R.China 2 Key Lab for Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education/Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, P.R.China)
Journal of Integrative Agriculture,
04/2016, Volume:
15, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Crop root system plays an important role in the water cycle of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. In this study, com- bined isotope techniques, root length density and root cell activity analysis ...were used to investigate the root water uptake mechanisms of winter wheat （Triticum aesfivum L.） under different irrigation depths in the North China Plain. Both direct inference approach and multisource linear mixing model were applied to estimate the distribution of water uptake with depth in six growing stages. Results showed that winter wheat under land surface irrigation treatment （Ts） mainly absorbed water from 10-20 cm soil layers in the wintering and green stages （66.9 and 72.0%, respectively）; 0-20 cm （57.0%） in the jointing stage; 0-40 （15.3%） and 80-180 cm （58.1%） in the heading stage; 60-80 （13.2%） and 180-220 cm （35.5%） in the filling stage; and 0-40 （46.8%） and 80-100 cm （31.0%） in the ripening stage. Winter wheat under whole soil layers irrigation treatment （Tw） absorbed more water from deep soil layer than Ts in heading, filling and ripening stages. Moreover, root cell activity and root length density of winter wheat under TW were significantly greater than that of Ts in the three stages. We concluded that distribution of water uptake with depth was affected by the availability of water sources, the root length density and root cell activity. Implementation of the whole soil layers irrigation method can affect root system distribution and thereby increase water use from deeper soil and enhance water use efficiency.
Peach was domesticated in China more than four millennia ago and from there it spread world-wide. Since the middle of the last century, peach breeding programs have been very dynamic generating ...hundreds of new commercial varieties, however, in most cases such varieties derive from a limited collection of parental lines (founders). This is one reason for the observed low levels of variability of the commercial gene pool, implying that knowledge of the extent and distribution of genetic variability in peach is critical to allow the choice of adequate parents to confer enhanced productivity, adaptation and quality to improved varieties. With this aim we genotyped 1,580 peach accessions (including a few closely related Prunus species) maintained and phenotyped in five germplasm collections (four European and one Chinese) with the International Peach SNP Consortium 9K SNP peach array. The study of population structure revealed the subdivision of the panel in three main populations, one mainly made up of Occidental varieties from breeding programs (POP1OCB), one of Occidental landraces (POP2OCT) and the third of Oriental accessions (POP3OR). Analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) identified differential patterns of genome-wide LD blocks in each of the populations. Phenotypic data for seven monogenic traits were integrated in a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The significantly associated SNPs were always in the regions predicted by linkage analysis, forming haplotypes of markers. These diagnostic haplotypes could be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in modern breeding programs.
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