Introduction
In esthetic surgery, the use of silicone implants is a topic of hot discussion.
Material and methods
An analysis of 119 esthetic surgical interventions on the mammary gland was ...performed. A study of the immune and endocrine parameters after mammoplasty was carried out.
Results
The phenomenon of an increase in the levels of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor was revealed. The phenomenon of pre-operative growth of prolactin and TSH levels has been confirmed. An increase in thyroid autoimmunity after silicone mammoplasty is interpreted as a result of a silicone adjuvant action. An increase in the incidence of ASIA syndrome in patients who underwent breast surgery was registered. However, it was observed in both patients with silicone and non-silicone breast surgeries and therefore could not be solely explained by the use of silicone. Within 12 months following silicone mammoplasty, the patients with an increase of anti-TSH receptor autoimmunity nevertheless did not show any clinical and laboratory signs of overt thyroid disease, thus staying in a pre-nosological state.
Practical recommendations
Based on these results, we recommend the following for esthetic surgery: (a) all patients planned for silicone implant surgery should be examined for autoantibodies to the TSH receptor and (b) patients who have undergone breast endoprosthesis, starting 6 months after the operation, need long-term follow-up for thyroid status with mandatory testing for the level of these autoantibodies.
A method is proposed for imparting antimicrobial activity to phosphorus-containing cellulose and carbon materials entailing the adsorption of antibiotic aminoglycosides such as kanamycin, gentamycin, ...and amikacin on fibrous cellulose and carbon ion exchangers in acid and salt forms. The interaction of the polymer complexes with the base material was confirmed by IR spectral and differential thermal analysis data. The polymeric composite fiber materials were shown to be nontoxic and have prolonged strong antibiotic activity.
Аim:
diagnosis and treatment algorithms in the clinical recommendations intended for general practitioners, gastroenterologists, infectious disease specialists, hepatologists on the of chronic ...hepatitis C are presented.
Summary.
Chronic viral hepatitis C is a socially significant infection, the incidence of which in the Russian Federation remains significantly high. Over the past 10 years, great progress has been made in the treatment of hepatitis C — direct acting antiviral drugs have appeared. The spectrum of their effectiveness allows to achieve a sustained virological response in more than 90 % of cases, even in groups that were not previously considered even as candidates for therapy or were difficult to treat — patients receiving renal replacement therapy, after liver transplantation (or other organs), at the stage of decompensated liver cirrhosis, HIV co-infected, etc. Interferons are excluded from the recommendations due to their low effectiveness and a wide range of adverse events. The indications for the treatment have been expanded, namely, the fact of confirmation of viral replication. The terms of dispensary observation of patients without cirrhosis of the liver have been reduced (up to 12 weeks after the end of therapy). Also, these recommendations present approaches to active screening of hepatitis in risk groups, preventive and rehabilitation measures after the end of treatment.
Conclusion.
Great success has been achieved in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In most cases, eradication of viral HCV infection is a real task even in patients at the stage of cirrhosis of the liver, with impaired renal function, HIV co-infection, after solid organs transplantation.
A new method for quantitative determination of water potential of mesophyll cells’ apoplast in substomatal cavity of the leaves of herbaceous (maize, millet, wheat, amaranth, and seepweed) and woody ...(larch, pine, and birch) plants by means of modern instruments designed to assess photosynthetic(СО
2
/Н
2
О) gas exchange is described. The method consists in determination in the light of such a level of humidity above the leaf surface, which would nullify transpiration without a noticeable suppression of photosynthetic assimilation of СО
2
; this makes it possible to calculate the value of water potential at the interface between aqueous and gaseous phases of mesophyll cells’ apoplast in the substomatal cavity.
Physiological and molecular responses of maize seedlings (Zea mays L. cv. Troinaya sladost) to 5-d drought and rehydration for 48 h were investigated. Plant water status was determined by a new ...method of water potential measurement in mesophyll cells' apoplast in substomatal cavity (ψwa). Drought caused the changes in water status, plant growth, the rates of photosynthetic CO2/H2O gas exchange, and metabolism of carbohydrates and proline. The increase in carbohydrate and proline content under drought was observed simultaneously with the decline in ψwa. Rewatering of seedlings for 24 and 48 h resulted in restoration of growth, rapid increase in ψwa as well as in the rates of photosynthetic gas exchange, and a sharp decline in the content of soluble sugars and proline. Data on close correspondence between the changes in osmolyte content and ψwa under drought and recovery support the assumption that osmolytes might participate in regulation of ψwa.
The conditions for the formation of a water-in-oil (w/o) Pickering emulsion resistant to coalescence and sedimentation with a droplet size of 2–12 μm, stabilized by talc microparticles were ...established: the oil phase is a 70% solution of CHS-EPOXX 530 resin in xylene, the aqueous phase is suspension of talc in water with a concentration of 6 g/100 mL (water + oil), volume ratio of phases 1 : 1, emulsification for 15 min at 293 K and a rotor speed of 7000 rpm. The formation of w/o emulsions is explained by the lyophobic-lyophilic heterogeneity of the talc microparticles surface, which has basal hydrophobic and lateral hydrophilic areas. High-quality films and coatings with a good degree of curing and mechanical strength were produced using the epoxy-polyamine adduct TELALIT 180 as a hardener. Their structure consists of a polymer framework, including microscopic capsules, which, can be filled with water (293 K) or air (353 K) depending on the curing temperature. Such microcapsules can be carriers of hydrophilic components, such as corrosion inhibitors or intumescent compounds, and can be used to fabricate protective paint and varnish coatings, including self-healing ones, in order to extend their service life. They can also serve as microreactors in the synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles (MoO
3
, TiO
2
), which are effective catalysts for the oxidation of organic compounds.
Seedlings of three wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.)—highly productive cv. Ballada, moderately productive cv. Belchanka, and low productive cv. Beltskaya—were exposed to progressive soil drought ...(cessation of watering for 3, 5, and 7 days) and then analyzed for chlorophyll content and activities of ferredoxin-NADP⁺ oxidoreductase (FNR) and antioxidant enzymes, namely, glutathione reductase (GR) and ascorbate peroxidase (AscP). In addition, the proline content, and the extent of lipid peroxidation were examined. In the first period of water limitation, the water loss from leaves was slight for all wheat cultivars, which is characteristic of drought-resistant varieties. After 7-day drought the leaf water content decreased by 5.2-6.8%. The total chlorophyll content expressed per unit dry weight increased insignificantly during the first two periods of drought but decreased by 13-15% later on. This decrease was not accompanied by changes in chlorophyll a/b ratio. The plant dehydration did not induce significant changes in FNR activity. Activities of GR and AscP in leaves of wheat cultivars Ballada and Belchanka increased on the 3rd and 5th days of drought. Owing to the coordinated increase in GR and AscP activities, the lipid peroxidation rate remained at nearly the control level observed in water-sufficient plants. When the dehydration period was prolonged to 7 days, activities of GR and AscP in wheat cultivars reduced in parallel with the increase in malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content, indicating that the antioxidant enzyme defense system was weakened and lipid peroxidation enhanced. Unlike Ballada and Belchanka, the wheat cv. Beltskaya did not exhibit the increase in GR and AscP activities during progressive soil drought. The increase in MDA content by 16% in this cultivar was only observed after a 7-day drought period. The proline content in leaves of all wheat cultivars increased substantially during drought treatment. Thus, in wheat cultivars examined, different responses of the defense systems were mobilized to implement plant protection against water stress. The activities of antioxidant enzyme defense system depended on wheat cultivar, duration of drought, and the stage of leaf development.
Introduction. In cirrhotic patients, hyperammonemia develops due to impaired ammonia detoxification and portosystemic blood shunting and is most commonly associated with hepatic encephalopathy and ...sarcopenia. Currently, there are questions regarding the diagnosis of hyperammonemia and the effect of ammonia-lowering therapy on disease outcomes. Materials and methods. The Russian Scientific Liver Society selected a panel of seven experts in liver cirrhosis research and management of patients with this disease to make reasoned statements and recommendations on the issue of diagnostic and prognostic value of hyperammonemia in patients with liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy and sarcopenia. Results. The Delphi panel identified the most relevant topics, in the form of PICO questions (patient or population, intervention, comparison, outcome). The Delphi panel made six questions relevant to clinical practice and gave reasoned answers, framed as ‘clinical practice recommendations and statements’ with evidence-based comments. The questions and statements were based on the search and critical analysis of medical literature by keywords in Englishand Russian-language databases. The formulated questions could be combined into four categories: hepatic encephalopathy, sarcopenia, hyperammonemia, and ammonia-lowering therapy. Conclusions. The results of the experts' work are directly relevant to the quality management of patients with liver cirrhosis, and their recommendations and statements can be used in clinical practice.
Modified and unmodified carbon fiber supports were treated with solutions of a polymer-gentamicin complex, possessing high antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. It was found that the antimicrobial ...activity of modified carbon fiber fabrics depended on the nature of the support and on the immobilization conditions. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed with phosphorus-containing carbon fiber ion exchanger in salt form.
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