Additive manufacturing workflows generate large amounts of data in each phase, which can be very useful for monitoring process performance and predicting the quality of the finished part if used ...correctly. In this paper, a framework is presented that utilises machine learning methods to predict porosity defects in printed parts. Data from process settings, in-process sensor readings, and post-process computed tomography scans are first aligned and discretised using a voxelisation approach to create a training dataset. A multi-step classification system is then proposed to classify the presence and type of porosity in a voxel, which can then be utilised to find the distribution of porosity within the build volume. Titanium parts were printed using a laser powder bed fusion system. Two discretisation techniques based on voxelisation were utilised: a defect-centric and a uniform discretisation method. Different machine learning models, feature sets, and other parameters were also tested. Promising results were achieved in identifying porous voxels; however, the accuracy of the classification requires improvement before being applied industrially. The potential of the voxelisation-based framework for this application and its ability to incorporate data from different stages of the additive manufacturing workflow as well as different machine learning models was clearly demonstrated.
In order to trace the footsteps of Ismaël Boulliau (also known as Bullialdus) in the dust of history, we adopt a quantitative approach based on an analysis of the extensive literature which has been ...digitized and which is therefore open to the application of computerized bibliometric techniques to detect patterns and trends over time. In particular, we use the Google Books database which contains millions of digitized books, manuscripts, reports, etc. in several languages. We apply the Google Ngram software to analyze the rate of referencing Boulliau’s work in the literature, in timeseries form. We also search Google Scholar which is an academic bibliographic database and search engine and is in many cases the most comprehensive source. The results show clear evidence that Boulliau was a man who escaped the limitations of old paradigms of thought and influenced the advancement of European science long after his death.
The purpose of this paper was to determine the readiness of kindergarten teachers in Bulgaria in anticipation of impending inclusion-driven reforms in the education system. Data on 922 kindergarten ...teachers' attitudes towards inclusion across three dimensions (cognitive, affective, and behavioural), their concerns, and self-efficacy were analysed. Overall, teachers reported being willing to adapt their behaviour to promote inclusion in their classroom, despite not feeling particularly positively about inclusion. Inclusion-related training, which is critical for teachers to meet the demands of reforms, was a robust, positive predictor of teachers’ attitudes across all three dimensions.
•This paper examined the attitudes towards inclusion of 922 teachers in kindergartens in Bulgaria across three dimensions (cognitive, affective, behavioural), their concerns, and self-efficacy in this regard.•Teachers were most likely to hold negative affective attitudes and positive behavioural attitudes towards inclusion.•Inclusion-related training significantly predicted positive attitudes towards inclusion across cognitive, behavioural, and affective domains.•The findings accentuate the importance of continuous professional development for teachers already teaching in the system in fostering more positive attitudes towards inclusion.
Nous analysons dans cet article, de manière quantitative, les traces d'Abraham de Moivre que l'on retrouve dans les littératures française et anglaise, en utilisant la technique de la bibliométrie. ...Nous analysons des dizaines de millions de livres et d'articles numérisés par Google Books, qui constituent une source riche de big data. Nous déployons le moteur de recherche N-gram. Les résultats montrent statistiquement l'influence de ce grand mathématicien français sur la théorie des probabilités et sur les nombres complexes. Bien qu'il ait passé la plus grande partie de sa vie en exil à Londres, nous suggérerons qu'il serait approprié qu'une rue soit baptisée du nom d'Abraham de Moivre dans la ville de Saumur, en France, où il a étudié pendant deux ans à l'Académie protestante.
Background & Aims:
By using colorimetric tests, reports have indicated that occult gastrointestinal bleeding is common in celiac disease. These results suggest that bleeding is a significant ...contributor to iron deficiency in this disorder and imply a significant inflammatory hemorrhagic component. Both these concepts are contrary to previous understanding of pathology of celiac disease. Furthermore, colorimetric tests provide an indirect and nonspecific assessment of blood loss. We therefore hypothesized that an accurate, quantitative, and specific method for blood loss, rather than a guaiac test, might give different findings. We report the results of stool blood loss measurement by using such a method.
Methods:
We measured stool blood loss directly by using
51Cr radiolabeled red cells in 18 consecutive patients with celiac disease who consented to the study, 12 with total villous atrophy and 6 with partial villous atrophy, before initiation of a gluten-free diet.
Results:
Average daily blood loss exceeded 1.5 mL in only 1 of 18 subjects. It is suspected, but unproven, that this subject had an alternate transient source of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Conclusions:
Colorimetric tests give a high prevalence of positive results for occult gastrointestinal blood loss in celiac disease, whereas the more specific and direct radiochromium method gives a low prevalence. These results suggest that bleeding is uncommon in celiac disease, and that positive results with colorimetric tests might be due to excess loss of intestinal cells and/or malabsorption of peroxidase-containing foods. Our results suggest that bleeding is not an important contributor to the iron deficiency often found in these subjects.
The Bulgarian Government has made a commitment to inclusive early childhood education and care (ECEC) systems for children with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND). High-quality ECEC ...settings are more inclusive and responsive to children's individual learning needs. In partnership with UNICEF, the Ministry for Education established a pilot project, 'Together from Kindergarten', to enhance quality and support early childhood settings in creating and maintaining quality conditions that support all children's right to access and participate in ECEC. As part of this project, the ECERS-3 was used as a broad measure to explore quality across 40 kindergarten settings. Evidence suggests that despite the positive attitudes of ECEC teachers towards inclusion, the quality of the kindergartens was low, with particular challenges concerning teacher-child interactions and individualised learning supports. The study offers important insights into how ECEC settings in Bulgaria can enhance quality to develop conditions that support children with SEND to participate in mainstream ECEC provision.
Make provisions for my future 42 No benefit in knowing 15 Explore treatment options 18 Diagnosis would depress/agitate me 5 My right to know 8 Would not want to be told of any illness 3 To help ...research into the disease 5 Not now, but at an older age 2 Commit suicide 2 - - Comment The majority of relatives of patients with Alzheimer's Disease would not want the patient told the diagnosis, but would themselves wish to know if they developed the condition.
Three-dimensional (3D) mode imaging is the current standard for PET/CT systems. Dynamic imaging for quantification of myocardial blood flow with short-lived tracers, such as
Rb-chloride, requires ...accuracy to be maintained over a wide range of isotope activities and scanner counting rates. We proposed new performance standard measurements to characterize the dynamic range of PET systems for accurate quantitative imaging.
Rb or
N-ammonia (1,100-3,000 MBq) was injected into the heart wall insert of an anthropomorphic torso phantom. A decaying isotope scan was obtained over 5 half-lives on 9 different 3D PET/CT systems and 1 3D/2-dimensional PET-only system. Dynamic images (28 × 15 s) were reconstructed using iterative algorithms with all corrections enabled. Dynamic range was defined as the maximum activity in the myocardial wall with less than 10% bias, from which corresponding dead-time, counting rates, and/or injected activity limits were established for each scanner. Scatter correction residual bias was estimated as the maximum cavity blood-to-myocardium activity ratio. Image quality was assessed via the coefficient of variation measuring nonuniformity of the left ventricular myocardium activity distribution.
Maximum recommended injected activity/body weight, peak dead-time correction factor, counting rates, and residual scatter bias for accurate cardiac myocardial blood flow imaging were 3-14 MBq/kg, 1.5-4.0, 22-64 Mcps singles and 4-14 Mcps prompt coincidence counting rates, and 2%-10% on the investigated scanners. Nonuniformity of the myocardial activity distribution varied from 3% to 16%.
Accurate dynamic imaging is possible on the 10 3D PET systems if the maximum injected MBq/kg values are respected to limit peak dead-time losses during the bolus first-pass transit.
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