Abstract
This paper analyzes the two-dimensional chlorine-transport model in pipes. The studied model is in the form of a second-order partial differential equation with a set of boundary conditions. ...Obtaining exact solution for the current model is a challenge due to the nature of the involved boundary conditions, especially, when applying the Laplace transform. However, such difficulties are solved via implementing the method of residues. The exact solution is obtained in terms of the Bessel functions. The expression for a dimensionless cup-mixing average concentration is also derived analytically. The proposed approach is validated via numerical examples for comparing the results with those in the literature. The present analysis/approach is effective/straightforward and can be further applied on other similar models under different boundary conditions.
Potassium solubilizing bacteria (PSB) are able to dissolve K from K-minerals and enhance plant growth and yield. A field experiment was carried out during 2017/2018-2018/2019 growing seasons in a ...randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. This study aims to assess the performance of bio-fertilization (Bacillus cereus) as PSB on the growth of potato (Kara Spp) and availability of N, P, and K. Potato plants were fertilized with K-feldspar and inoculated with PSB. The results showed that the PSB significantly increased the plant height (PH), branches number (BN), and shoot dry weight by about 15%, 27%, and 26%, respectively, compared to the untreated one. Soil available K increased by 42% as a result of PSB inoculation, moreover, K uptake by potato tubers increased by 62% in compassion with untreated plants. Leaf N, P, and K concentrations as well as the uptake were significantly increased in the plants inoculated with PSB compared to the un-inoculated plants. The graded weights of potato were increased by 20%, 26%, and 25%, for large, medium, and small size of tubers, respectively as a result of applying of bio-fertilizer. The bio-fertilization of potato with Bacillus cereus significantly increased the total yield of potato by 21% above the untreated plants. The application of K-feldspar (12% total K
2
O) at a rate of 240 kg K
2
O ha
−1
to potato inoculated with Bacillus cereus gave a total tuber yield of 40 ton ha
−1
.
Enrichment of soils with organic amendments could increase the content of available nutrients, improve soil chemical characteristics and increase plant growth. In the current pots experiment, the ...influences of biochar (BC), humic acid (HA), and compost (CO) on barely growth were investigated under saline conditions. Barely plants grown on a clay loam soil and irrigated with saline water concentration of (EC = 13.8 dS m
−1
) were amended with BC, HA and CO at a rate of 1 or 3% of soil weight. The results showed that BC, HA and CO treatments had significant effects on the soil salinity, pH, organic matter (SOM), and plant nutrients. The results showed that the high rate application of BC, HA and CO increased the SOM by 14, 75 and 58% respectively, above the control. Consequently, the total chlorophyll as affected by the treatments can be arranged in descending order: BC
3
> CO
1
> CO
3
> HA
3
> HA
1
> BC
1
> C. The high rates of BC, HA and CO increased the dry biomass by 28.0, 21.6 and 39.7% respectively, above the control %, respectively, above the control. The investigated organic amendments increased the nutrients availability and uptake and enhanced the synthesis of chlorophyll in the plant tissues and this may be the reason of increasing the ability of barley to tolerate salinity.
Summary
As one of the best‐known commercial goat breeds in the world, Boer goat has undergone long‐term artificial selection for nearly 100 years, and its excellent growth rate and meat production ...performance have attracted considerable worldwide attention. Herein, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from the whole‐genome sequencing data of 46 Australian Boer goats to detect polymorphisms and identify genomic regions related to muscle development in comparison with those of 81 non‐specialized meat goat individuals from Europe, Africa, and Asia. A total of 13 795 202 SNPs were identified, and the whole‐genome selective signal screen with a π ratio of nucleotide diversity (πcase/πcontrol) and pairwise fixation index (FST) was analyzed. Finally, we identified 1741 candidate selective windows based on the top 5% threshold of both parameters; here, 449 candidate genes were only found in 727 of these regions. A total of 433 genes out of the 449 genes obtained were annotated to 2729 gene ontology terms, of which 51 were directly linked to muscle development (e.g., muscle organ development, muscle cell differentiation) by 30 candidate genes (e.g., JAK2, KCNQ1, PDE5A, PDLIM5, TBX5). In addition, 246 signaling pathways were annotated by 178 genes, and two pathways related to muscle contraction, including vascular smooth muscle contraction (ADCY7, PRKCB, PLA2G4E, ROCK2) and cardiac muscle contraction (CACNA2D3, CASQ2, COX6B1), were identified. The results could improve the current understanding of the genetic effects of artificial selection on the muscle development of goat. More importantly, this study provides valuable candidate genes for future breeding of goats.
•These simulations resulted in a temperature distribution profile that could be used to locate and determine the parameters of the cancerous tumor within the breast.•A mathematical neural network ...model was used to estimate the required parameters by computing the data obtained from the bioheat transfer simulations.•The architecture of the NN Model in use was optimized by using a specific number of neurons in the hidden layer that would result in the lowest RMSE values.•The prediction accuracy showed the capacity of the trained Feed Forward Neural Network to estimate the unknown parameters within an acceptable range of error.•A non-intrusive method for the diagnosis of breast cancer was modelled, which yields conclusive results for the estimation of the tumor parameters.
Some types of cancer cause rapid cell growth, while others cause cells to grow and divide at a slower rate. Certain forms of cancer result in visible growths called tumors. This work proposes an inverse estimation of the size and location of the tumor using a feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) model.
The forward model is a 3D model of the breast induced with a tumor of various sizes at different locations within the breast, and it is solved using the Pennes equation. The data obtained from the simulation of the bioheat transfer is used for training the neural network. In order to optimize the neural network architecture, the work proposes varying the number of neurons in the hidden layer and thus finding the best fit to create a relationship between the temperature profile and tumor parameters which can be used to estimate the tumor parameters given the temperature profile.
These simulations resulted in a temperature distribution profile that could thus be used to locate and determine the parameters of the cancerous tumor within the breast. The prediction accuracy showed the capacity of the trained Feed Forward Neural Network to estimate the unknown parameters within an acceptable range of error. The model validations use the Root Mean Square Error method to quantify and minimize the prediction error.
In this work, a non-intrusive method for the diagnosis of breast cancer was modelled, which yields conclusive results for the estimation of the tumor parameters.
Nanofluid is treated as a smart fluid that is useful for heat and mass transfer enhancement, which is paramount in several electronics, biomedical, transportation as well as industrial applications. ...In view of this, in the current analysis we scrutinize the flow of nanofluid over a curved stretching sheet. The noted novelty of this work is to discuss the heat and mass transfer in nanofluid flow along with the activation energy. Further, CuO with water-based nanofluid is considered in the modelling. The viscosity and effective thermal conductivity of fluid flow suspended by nanoparticles are scrutinized by Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li (KKL) model. By employing suitable similarity transformations, the governing equations of momentum, thermal and concentration of nanoparticle are converted into ordinary differential equations and then they are solved with Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg-45 (RKF-45) process along with shooting method. The impact of pertinent non-dimensional parameters is attained and illustrated with the help of graphs. The results reveal that, the heightening of Biot number and curvature parameter heightens the thermal gradient. The mass transfer decreases as the Schmidt number and chemical reaction rate parameter increases. The upsurge in activation energy parameter declines the mass transfer.
Sequel to all the published facts on the dynamics of water and ethylene glycol on a convectively heated surface conveying alumina and copper nanoparticles as applicable in engineering and industry, ...noting is known on the significance of haphazard motion and thermo-migration. For the case of Al2O3/Cu nanoparticles, the governing equations that model the transport phenomena along a vertical surface were non-dimensionalized. The obtained dimensionless equation (ODE BVP) was numerically solved in MATLAB using the text bvp4c in-built solver. The temperature distribution is minimal when convectively heating at the horizontal wall beneath the transport phenomenon is small in magnitude. When Biot number and thermo-migration are high, and the base fluid is less thick, there is minimal friction between the wall and the last layer of hybrid nanofluid due to increasing haphazard motion of alumina/copper nanoparticles (i.e., water). Heating of the base fluid is a factor for reducing friction as water is heated faster due to lower density than ethylene glycol.
A theoretical investigation is executed for exploring the flow, heat and mass transfer behavior of magnetohydrodynamic radiated ferrofluid flow caused by a cone in the existence of non-uniform heat ...source/sink. Dispersion of ferrous nanoparticles finds applications in heat exchanger system, recharge able batteries, chemical catalysts, metallurgy, conducting paints, magnetic recording media, drug delivery, nanofibers, textiles etc. in this study we have used the two types of temperatures namely water (At 10 °C and 50 °C), having less thermal conductivity as compared with magnetic nanoparticles (CoFe2O4). A simulation is performed by mixing of cobalt ferrous particles in base fluid water with different temperatures. Also, we presented dual solutions for flow over a cone with CoFe2O4+water at 10 °C and CoFe2O4+water at 50 °C. Governing equations are solved using Runge-Kutta with shooting method and compared with published literature. From the formulated model we found that the friction factor coefficient and rate of heat transfer is more in mixture of CoFe2O4+water at 10 °C case compare to CoFe2O4 +water at 50 °C case. Similarly the mass transfer rate is more in CoFe2O4 +water at 50 °C when compared to CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C case. These results help us to conclude that depending on the industrial appliances we can use heating or cooling processes CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C and CoFe2O4 +water at 10 °C fluids respectively.
Elements accumulation in crayfish is proportional to the increase in bioavailability (direct contact) with the surrounding water, sediment, and feeding. Five heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Ag) and ...lithium (Li) were analyzed in the sediment, water, and crayfish tissues. Elements (heavy metals and lithium) concentrations in sediment, water, and crayfish tissues showed significant differences between the two sampling stations (El-Qanatir and El-Rahawi drain). However, the levels of elements in crayfish tissues were arranged in declining order as hepatopancreas > gills > exoskeleton > muscles for Cu and Cr; hepatopancreas > exoskeleton > gills > muscles for Ni and Ag; and exoskeleton > gills > hepatopancreas > muscles for Li and Mn. The human health hazard evaluation of heavy metals and lithium exposure via edible tissue consumption was assessed for both children and adult consumers. The target hazard quotient THQ values of crayfish edible tissues (less than 1) will not impose any health implications for consumers who ingest edible tissues in sufficient quantities. Furthermore, the hazard index (HI) values reported for children and adult consumers were lower than one, indicating non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazards, suggesting that crayfish edible tissues are safe for human ingestion. This evidence also found that
Procambarus clarkii
could be a good bio-indicator organism for monitoring potentially metals in aquatic systems.
Refrigeration systems are becoming more efficient as a result of nanofluids. Cooling and heating process improvements can lead to enhanced industrial efficiency, reduced processing times, energy ...conservation, and improved heating and cooling processes. A study is being conducted on the effects of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in nanofluids by adding double slip and thermal radiation to the governing model. It is numerically simulated using bvp4c code in MATLAB. Analyzing temperature, concentration, and velocity requires the evaluation of multiple parameters. A more uniform distribution of temperatures can be achieved by increasing the Biot number, thermal radiation, and thermophoretic motion parameters. The use of suction is an effective method of controlling the rate of temperature reduction in various manufacturing processes. A product's mechanical properties and overall quality can be enhanced if one is able to control how quickly it cools during the process of melting and condensing raw materials. As a consequence of the emergence of quadratic and linear slip factors, the flow velocity decreases. A distinguishing feature of this research is the use of boundary conditions that are tailored to the geometry that is being investigated.
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