Brain computer interfaces (BCI) provide a direct communication link between the brain and a computer or other external devices. They offer an extended degree of freedom either by strengthening or by ...substituting human peripheral working capacity and have potential applications in various fields such as rehabilitation, affective computing, robotics, gaming, and neuroscience. Significant research efforts on a global scale have delivered common platforms for technology standardization and help tackle highly complex and non-linear brain dynamics and related feature extraction and classification challenges. Time-variant psycho-neurophysiological fluctuations and their impact on brain signals impose another challenge for BCI researchers to transform the technology from laboratory experiments to plug-and-play daily life. This review summarizes state-of-the-art progress in the BCI field over the last decades and highlights critical challenges.
•Proposed a novel EEG-based neuromarketing framework•Prediction of consumer affective attitudes while they view E-commerce products•The frontal cortex achieves the best performance•Among all the ...individual channels, Fz achieved the best accuracy•Such framework can be used consumer-grade devices in a real-life setting
Neuromarketing utilizes Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technologies to provide insight into consumers responses on marketing stimuli. In order to achieve insight information, marketers spend about $400 billion annually on marketing, promotion, and advertisement using traditional marketing research tools. In addition, these tools like personal depth interviews, surveys, focus group discussions, etc. are expensive and frequently criticized for failing to extract actual consumer preferences. Neuromarketing, on the other hand, promises to overcome such constraints. In this work, an EEG-based neuromarketing framework is employed for predicting consumer future choice (affective attitude) while they view E-commerce products. After preprocessing, three types of features, namely, time, frequency, and time-frequency domain features are extracted. Then, wrapper-based Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE) along with correlation bias reduction is used for feature selection. Lastly, we use SVM for categorizing positive affective attitude and negative affective attitude. Experiments show that the frontal cortex achieves the best accuracy of 98.67±2.98, 98±3.22, and 98.67±3.52 for 5-fold, 10-fold, and leave-one-subject-out (LOSO) respectively. In addition, among all the channels, Fz achieves best accuracy 90±7.81, 90.67±9.53, and 92.67±7.03 for 5-fold, 10-fold, and LOSO respectively. Subsequently, this work opens the door for implementing such a neuromarketing framework using consumer-grade devices in a real-life setting for marketers. As a result, it is evident that EEG-based neuromarketing technologies can assist brands and enterprises in forecasting future consumer preferences accurately. Hence, it will pave the way for the creation of an intelligent marketing assistive system for neuromarketing applications in future.
Recommender systems have gained significant attention as powerful tools for supporting decision-making processes in various domains. However, the understanding of their impact and application in the ...field of academic choices in higher education remains limited. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge regarding recommender systems utilized in the context of academic choices and advising in higher education. The study is based on the systematic analysis of a set of primary studies (N = 56 out of 1578, published between 2011 and 2023) included according to defined criteria. The articles were categorized based on specific criteria, and their findings were analyzed and synthesized. Results show that the hybrid strategy has been the most effective method for producing recommendations. Evaluation measures such as offline experiments and case-study validation were prominently observed in the empirical studies, providing insights into the effectiveness of recommender systems. The findings reveal that the design of recommender systems in higher education is context-specific, with researchers considering various parameters to tailor recommendations to individual needs. However, most of the selected articles relied on lab-based studies rather than real-world applications, indicating a need for further research in practical settings. This systematic review also identifies future research directions, including the incorporation of deep learning technologies and the analysis of personality traits. By providing a comprehensive overview of the current state of recommender systems for academic choices in higher education, this review offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners, guiding the development of more effective and personalized recommendation systems to unlock the full potential of individuals in their academic journey.
Neuromarketing relies on Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology to gain insight into how customers react to marketing stimuli. Marketers spend about
750 billion annually on traditional marketing ...camping. They use traditional marketing research procedures such as Personal Depth Interviews, Surveys, Focused Group Discussions, and so on, which are frequently criticized for failing to extract true consumer preferences. On the other hand, Neuromarketing promises to overcome such constraints. This work proposes a machine learning framework for predicting consumers' purchase intention (PI) and affective attitude (AA) from analyzing EEG signals. In this work, EEG signals are collected from 20 healthy participants while administering three advertising stimuli settings: product, endorsement, and promotion. After preprocessing, features are extracted in three domains (time, frequency, and time-frequency). Then, after selecting features using wrapper-based methods Recursive Feature Elimination, Support Vector Machine is used for categorizing positive and negative (AA and PI). The experimental results show that proposed framework achieves an accuracy of 84 and 87.00% for PI and AA ensuring the simulation of real-life results. In addition, AA and PI signals show N200 and N400 components when people tend to take decision after visualizing static advertisement. Moreover, negative AA signals shows more dispersion than positive AA signals. Furthermore, this work paves the way for implementing such a neuromarketing framework using consumer-grade EEG devices in a real-life setting. Therefore, it is evident that BCI-based neuromarketing technology can help brands and businesses effectively predict future consumer preferences. Hence, EEG-based neuromarketing technologies can assist brands and enterprizes in accurately forecasting future consumer preferences.
Depression is the most common mental illness, which has become the major cause of fear and suicidal mortality or tendencies. Currently, about 10% of the world population has been suffering from ...depression. The classical approach for detecting depression relies on the clinical questionnaire, which depends on the patients' responses as well as observing their behavioral activities. However, there is no established method to detect depression from EEG biomarkers. Therefore, exploration of EEG biomarkers for depression assessments is vital and has a great potential to improve our understanding and clinical interventions. In this study, we have conducted a systematic review of 52 research articles using the PRISMA-P systematic review protocol, where we analyzed their research methodologies and outcomes. We categorized the experimentations in these articles according to their physical and psychological aspects scaled by the commonly used clinical questionnaire-based assessments. This study finds that the negative stimuli are the better identification strategies for evaluating depression through EEG signals. From this exploration, researchers observed that the Neural Connectivity Analysis and Brain Topological Mapping have huge potentials for finding depression biomarkers, and it is evident that the right-side hemisphere and frontal and parietal-occipital cortex are distinct regions to detect depression using EEG signals. For this mechanism, researchers are using many signal processing and machine learning approaches. In the case of filtering, Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is commonly used to eliminate physiological and non-physiological artifacts. Among machine learning approaches, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) showed better performance for classifying healthy and depressed brains. The authors hope, this study will create an opportunity to explore more in the future for EEG as diagnostic tool by analyzing brain functional connectivity for focusing on clinical interventions.
The study of brain-to-brain synchrony has a burgeoning application in the brain-computer interface (BCI) research, offering valuable insights into the neural underpinnings of interacting human brains ...using numerous neural recording technologies. The area allows exploring the commonality of brain dynamics by evaluating the neural synchronization among a group of people performing a specified task. The growing number of publications on brain-to-brain synchrony inspired the authors to conduct a systematic review using the PRISMA protocol so that future researchers can get a comprehensive understanding of the paradigms, methodologies, translational algorithms, and challenges in the area of brain-to-brain synchrony research. This review has gone through a systematic search with a specified search string and selected some articles based on pre-specified eligibility criteria. The findings from the review revealed that most of the articles have followed the social psychology paradigm, while 36% of the selected studies have an application in cognitive neuroscience. The most applied approach to determine neural connectivity is a coherence measure utilizing phase-locking value (PLV) in the EEG studies, followed by wavelet transform coherence (WTC) in all of the fNIRS studies. While most of the experiments have control experiments as a part of their setup, a small number implemented algorithmic control, and only one study had interventional or a stimulus-induced control experiment to limit spurious synchronization. Hence, to the best of the authors' knowledge, this systematic review solely contributes to critically evaluating the scopes and technological advances of brain-to-brain synchrony to allow this discipline to produce more effective research outcomes in the remote future.
Currently, developing countries are experiencing a massive shift toward industrialization. Developing countries lack the technical sophistication and infrastructure to encourage low-carbon and ...sustainable economic growth because of weak public awareness, regulations, and technology. Developing countries must plan the industrialization process for maximum energy efficiency of production, thereby reducing their CO textsubscript 2 emissions significantly by increasing energy efficiency. This paper presents a systematic survey on the current pragmatic methods for forecasting the future load demands from minutes to years ahead in developing countries, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The primary focus of this systematic survey paper is to provide an optimal forecasting model selection strategy for potential researchers and forecasters. Based on the strengths and weaknesses of the different models, we will discuss the most suitable methods to tailor them to multiple applications and scenarios of load forecasting. The comparison elements are Forecast horizons, Spatio-temporal resolutions, factors affecting the load, different dimensional reduction techniques, model complexity analysis, and the MAPE for error analysis. From the results, We have found ANN hybridized with meta-heuristic techniques to be superior in most of the analysis cases. ANN's ability to handle non-linear data, flexibility, and robustness is why. Consumption data aggregated at the national level can capture trends efficiently. Meteorological and calendar features influence short-term forecasting extensively, whereas economic factors influence long-term load patterns. Finally, we have identified the trends and research gaps from the existing literature, presenting relevant technical recommendations for improvement.
COVID-19 has affected many people globally, including in Bangladesh. Due to a lack of preparedness and resources, Bangladesh has experienced a catastrophic health crisis, and the devastation caused ...by this deadly virus has not yet been halted. Hence, precise and rapid diagnostics and infection tracing are essential for managing the condition and limiting its spread. The conventional screening procedure, such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), is not available in most rural areas and is time-consuming. Therefore, a data-driven intelligent surveillance system can be advantageous for rapid COVID-19 screening and risk estimation.
This study describes the design, development, implementation, and characteristics of a nationwide web-based surveillance system for educating, screening, and tracking COVID-19 at the community level in Bangladesh.
The system consists of a mobile phone application and a cloud server. The data is collected by community health professionals
home visits or telephone calls and analyzed using rule-based artificial intelligence (AI). Depending on the results of the screening procedure, a further decision is made regarding the patient. This digital surveillance system in Bangladesh provides a platform to support government and non-government organizations, including health workers and healthcare facilities, in identifying patients at risk of COVID-19. It refers people to the nearest government healthcare facility, collecting and testing samples, tracking and tracing positive cases, following up with patients, and documenting patient outcomes.
This study began in April 2020, and the results are provided in this paper till December 2022. The system has successfully completed 1,980,323 screenings. Our rule-based AI model categorized them into five separate risk groups based on the acquired patient information. According to the data, around 51% of the overall screened populations are safe, 35% are low risk, 9% are high risk, 4% are mid risk, and the remaining 1% is very high risk. The dashboard integrates all collected data from around the nation onto a single platform.
This screening can help the symptomatic patient take immediate action, such as isolation or hospitalization, depending on the severity. This surveillance system can also be utilized for risk mapping, planning, and allocating health resources to more vulnerable areas to reduce the virus's severity.
Neuromarketing uses brain‐computer interface technology to understand customer preferences in response to marketing stimuli. Every year, marketing professionals spend over $750 Billion (US dollars) ...on traditional marketing, which is usually behavioral and subjective, focusing on self‐reports acquired via questionnaires, focus groups, and depth interviews. Neuromarketing, on the other hand, promises to overcome such limitations. This work proposes a machine learning framework that incorporates multiple components (endorsement, offer, and slogan) in real advertisement to predict consumer preference from electroencephalography (EEG) signals. In addition, we also use eye‐tracking data to visualize consumer viewing patterns according to both advertisement type and preference. EEG signals are collected from 22 healthy volunteers while viewing the real ads as stimuli. After preprocessing the signals, three‐domain features are extracted (time, frequency, and time‐frequency). Then, using wrapper‐based approaches we choose best features which are later classified into strong and weak preferences using the support vector machine. The experimental results demonstrate the best performance using all the frontal channels with an accuracy of 96.97%, sensitivity of 96.30%, and specificity of 97.44%. Additionally, eye tracking data reveals that subjects substantially prefer an ad, when they first glance at the endorsement. In addition, people tend to blink their eyes less frequently while viewing ads with endorsements and strongly prefer these commercials too. Additionally, our work lays the door for deploying such a neuromarketing framework in a real‐world context by employing consumer‐grade EEG equipment. Therefore, it is evident that neuromarketing technology may assist brands and companies in accurately predicting future customer preferences.
Over the past 10 years, the use of augmented reality (AR) applications to assist individuals with special needs such as intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and physical ...disabilities has become more widespread. The beneficial features of AR for individuals with autism have driven a large amount of research into using this technology in assisting against autism-related impairments. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of AR in rehabilitating and training individuals with ASD through a systematic review using the PRISMA methodology. A comprehensive search of relevant databases was conducted, and 25 articles were selected for further investigation after being filtered based on inclusion criteria. The studies focused on areas such as social interaction, emotion recognition, cooperation, learning, cognitive skills, and living skills. The results showed that AR intervention was most effective in improving individuals’ social skills, followed by learning, behavioral, and living skills. This systematic review provides guidance for future research by highlighting the limitations in current research designs, control groups, sample sizes, and assessment and feedback methods. The findings indicate that augmented reality could be a useful and practical tool for supporting individuals with ASD in daily life activities and promoting their social interactions.
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