Abstract Introduction and Background: Comprehensive training and skill acquisition by urologic surgeons are vital to optimize surgical outcomes and patient safety. We sought to develop and validate ...an objective and procedure specific tool to assess the quality of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)—Prostatectomy Assessment and Competence Evaluation (PACE) Methods Development and content validation of PACE was performed by deconstruction of RARP into seven key domains utilizing the Delphi methodology. The reliability and construct validation were then assessed utilizing de-identified videos performed by practicing surgeons and fellows. Consensus for each domain was defined as achieving a content validity index (CVI) ≥0.75. Reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation (ICC) and construct validation using a mixed linear model accounting for multiple ratings on the same video. Consensus was reached after 3 rounds on wording, relevance of skills assessed, and concordance between the score assigned and the skill assessed. ICC ≥ 0.4 was achieved for all domains. The expert group outperformed trainees in all domains but reached statistical significance in bladder drop (4.5 versus 3.4, p=0.002), preparation of the prostate (4.4 versus 3.2, p<0.0001), seminal vesicles and posterior plane dissection (8.3 versus 6.8, p=0.03) and neurovascular bundle preservation (4.1 versus 2.4, p<0.0001). Limitations include the lack of assessment of other key skills as communication and decision making. Conclusions PACE is a structured, procedure-specific and reliable tool that objectively measures surgical performance during RARP. It can differentiate different levels of expertise, and provide structured feedback to customize training and surgical quality improvement.
The bismuth (Bi
)-doped cobalt ferrite nanostructures with dual phase, i.e. cubic spinel with space group Fd3m and perovskite with space group R3c, have been successfully engineered via self-ignited ...sol-gel combustion route. To obtain information about the phase analysis and structural parameters, like lattice constant, Rietveld refinement process is applied. The replacement of divalent Co
by trivalent Bi
cations have been confirmed from energy dispersive analysis of the ferrite samples. The micro-structural evolution of cobalt ferrite powders at room temperature under various Bi
doping levels have been identified from the digital photoimages recorded using scanning electron microscopy. The hyperfine interactions, like isomer shift, quadrupole splitting and magnetic hyperfine fields, and cation distribution are confirmed from the Mossbauer spectra. Saturation magnetization is increased with Bi
-addition up to x = 0.15 and then is decreased when x = 0.2. The coercivity is increased from 1457 to 2277 G with increasing Bi
-doping level. The saturation magnetization, coercivity and remanent ratio for x = 0.15 sample is found to be the highest, indicating the potential of Bi
-doping in enhancing the magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite.
In the present work we report ferric oxide (α-Fe
2
O
3
) and conducting polyaniline–ferric oxide (PANI–Fe2O3) composite thin films prepared using simple electrodeposition technique. The structural ...and morphological analysis was carried out by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The supercapacitive properties of these films were examined using cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge studies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 0.5 M Na
2
SO
4
electrolyte. It is observed that the PANI–Fe2O3 composite electrode delivered higher specific capacitance than individual α-Fe
2
O
3
. Also the composite thin film electrode exhibits excellent specific capacitance retention of about 87 % over 1000 CV scan cycles as compared to α-Fe
2
O
3
electrode, which exhibits only 84 % retention capacity.
Nanocrystalline ferrites with general formula NiFe2−xCrxO4 (x=0.0−1.0) were prepared by the wet chemical method. Infrared spectra were scanned in the range of 300–800cm−1. Three absorption bands were ...observed in the infrared spectra, the high frequency band ν1 is assigned to tetrahedral complex, low frequency band ν2 to octahedral complex and a small band ν3 is due to Fe3+O2− complex. The force constant, bond length, and the Debye temperature was determined by infrared spectra analysis. The force constant and bond length decrease with the increase in Cr3+ content x which suggests the weakening of the inter atomic bonding. The force constant, lattice constant, and pore fraction have been used to calculate elastic moduli such as stiffness constant, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, rigidity modulus, Poisson's ratio, wave velocity and the Debye temperature. The values of elastic moduli and the Debye temperature decrease with the increase in Cr3+ content x whereas Poisson's ratio almost remains constant. Results have been explained on the basis of inter atomic bonding.
► Cr3+ substituted NiFe2O4 ferrite. ► Evaluation of elastic properties from infrared spectroscopy. ► Interaction between the inter-atomic bonding.
Lead free ceramic composition of x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3-(1-x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 with variation in x as, 0.15, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 was synthesized by hydroxide coprecipitation method. Synthesized compositions ...are subjected to sintering by microwave method at 1200 °C. After being sintered composite samples are characterized by various techniques for their structural, microstructural analysis, temperature dependent dielectric measurements, ferroelectric property and Raman spectroscopic analysis. From x-ray diffraction pattern the coexistence of tetragonal and rhombohedral crystal structures is observed. Broadening of Raman peaks at room temperature and two dielectric anomaly i.e. at lower temperature (R-T) and at higher temperature (T-C) in the temperature dependent dielectric spectroscopy could be assigned to the mutual existence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. Microstructural images confirm the well-separated grains having an irregular shape with a higher density. The transition temperature (Tc) (ferroelectric-paraelectric) shifts from 95 °C to 140 °C as the increase of BCT in the composition. Broad nature in the dielectric relaxation spectroscopic study reveals the existence of diffuse phase transition nature for samples. The saturated ferroelectric loop was observed for MPB composition 0.5BCT-0.5BZT. With the comparable values of Tc, ferroelectric parameters, existence of triple point and diffuse phase transition this type of lead-free materials found a suitable candidate to replace the lead-based materials.
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•Ca and Zr doped on A-site and B-site in the lattice of BaTiO3 perovskite respectively.•Doping results in formation of xBCT-(1-x)BZT lead-free ferroelectric system.•Hybrid microwave sintering technique is used at 1200 °C for 20 min only.•Ferro-para transition point (Tc) shifted towards higher temperature value.•Shifting of Tc enhances the ferroelectric working region of lead-free material.
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Nanostructured tin oxide (SnO2) films are synthesized using physical method i.e. thermal evaporation and are further characterized with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron ...spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurement techniques for confirming its structure and morphology. The chemiresistive properties of SnO2 films are studied towards different oxidizing and reducing gases where these films have demonstrated considerable selectivity towards oxidizing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas with a maximum response of 403% to 100ppm @200°C, and fast response and recovery times of 4s and 210s, respectively, than other test gases. In addition, SnO2 films are enabling to detect as low as 1ppm NO2 gas concentration @200°C with 23% response enhancement. Chemiresistive performances of SnO2 films are carried out in the range of 1–100ppm and reported. Finally, plausible adsorption and desorption reaction mechanism of NO2 gas molecules with SnO2 film surface has been thoroughly discussed by means of an impedance spectroscopy analysis.
► Cation distribution carried out by Rietveld refinement. ► Zn2+ substitution decrease the interatomic distance and elastic properties. ► Curie and Debye temperature decreases with Zn2+ substitution.
...Ni–Zn ferrite samples with the chemical formula Ni1−xZnxFe2O4 (x=0.0 to x=1.0) were prepared by solid state reaction. Using the Rietveld refinement the discrepancy factor, interatomic distance, atomic coordinates, cation occupancy and degree of inversion have been determined. SEM images revealed that the Zn2+ promotes grain growth in NiFe2O4. The IR spectra show two absorption bands in the wave number range of 400–600cm−1. The IR data have been used to calculate elastic moduli such as stiffness constant (C11, C12), longitudinal wave velocity (Vl), shear wave velocity (VS), mean wave velocity (Vm), Young modulus (E), bulk modulus (K), rigidity modulus (G), Poisson ratio (σ) and Debye temperature (θE). The values of elastic moduli and Debye temperature decreases with increasing Zn2+ composition x. AC susceptibility measurement confirms the decrease in Curie temperature with increasing Zn2+ content. Dielectric loss (ε″) increases with increasing Zn2+ content.
Nanocrystalline arrays of Ni2+ substituted Mg–Zn spinel ferrite having a generic formula Mg0.7−xNixZn0.3Fe2O4 (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) were successfully synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion ...technique. The fuel used in the synthesis process was citric acid and the metal nitrate-to-citric acid ratio was taken as 1:3. The phase, crystal structure and morphology of Mg–Ni–Zn ferrites were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transformer infrared spectroscopy techniques. The lattice constant, crystallite size, porosity and cation distribution were determined from the X-ray diffraction data method. The FTIR spectroscopy is used to deduce the structural investigation and redistribution of cations between octahedral and tetrahedral sites of Mg–Ni–Zn spinel structured material. Morphological investigation suggests the formation of grain growth as the Ni2+ content x increases. The saturation magnetization and magneton number were determined from hysteresis loop technique. The saturation magnetization increases with increasing Ni2+ concentration ‘x’ in Mg–Zn ferrite.
Elastic behaviour of Cr3+ substituted Co–Zn ferrites Algude, S.G.; Patange, S.M.; Shirsath, Sagar E. ...
Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials,
January 2014, 2014, 2014-01-00, Volume:
350
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The elastic behaviour of Cr3+ substituted Co–Zn ferrites system; Co0.7Zn0.3CrxFe2−xO4 where x=0.0 to 0.5 in step of 0.1 were prepared by ceramic method. Ultrasonic Pulse transmission method at room ...temperature was employed to determine the elastic properties of the presently investigated samples. Values of longitudinal and shear wave velocities were increased with an increases in Cr composition x. Using these value of velocities; Young's modulus, rigidity modulus, bulk modulus, longitudinal modulus and Poisson's ratio were calculated. The values of moduli were increased with an increases in Cr composition x. Debye temperature of all sample were calculate using the Anderson equation and it shows increasing trend with an increases in Cr composition x. The behaviour elastic moduli of Co0.7Zn0.3CrxFe2−xO4 are interpreted in terms of bonding force between atoms.
•Cr3+ substituted Co–Zn ferrite were prepared by ceramic method.•Ultrasonic pulse transmission technique was used to determine the elastic moduli.•Elastic moduli were increased with Cr composition x.•Debye temperature was increased with Cr composition x.
An efficient synthesis of acridinediones in two steps have been achieved using water as a reaction media without chromatographic purification. First step involves the reaction of dimedone with ...ammonium acetate to yield enaminone in water which on further reaction with various aldehydes yields acridinedione in aqueous media. The reaction merits the use of water as solvent, no additive catalyst and provides high yield of products with good purity.
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