Chronic tonsillitis is a common disease found worldwide mostly in school going children. There are many challenges in the management of chronic tonsillitis especially in refractory cases. There are ...many single as well compound drugs for the management of tonsillitis which are being used for a longer duration without any known side effect. A randomized open comparative study was designed to validate the efficacy of two very commonly prescribed formulations in the patients of chronic tonsillitis viz. Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah.
Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari 6 gm and Sharbat Toot Siyah 20 ml were given orally twice a day to the patients of Group A & Group B respectively for 6 weeks continuously. The data was compiled and statistically analyzed using chi square test and paired t-test.
In test group A, maximum benefit was seen in Sore throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =48.81), followed by Irritation in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), Pain in throat (p<0.0001, χ2 =17.23), dry cough (p=0.0002, χ2 =14.35) and dysphagia (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12). In test group B, maximum benefit was observed in sore throat (p=0.0076, χ2 =7.12), followed by notable improvement in irritation in throat (p=0.0014, χ2 =10.15), and pain in throat (p=0.0098, χ2 =6.67).
Although both Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari and Sharbat Toot Siyah are effective, but Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari is a better option for the management of chronic tonsillitis; as it relives most of the symptoms & signs very effectively and safely.
Keywords: Chronic tonsillitis, Unani formulation, Laooq Sapistan Khyar Shambari, Sharbat Toot Siyah
The lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency, easy manufacturing, lightweight, and low cost. However, these ...lead halide-based perovskite solar cells are not manufactured commercially due to lead-based toxicity. To investigate lead-free inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), we investigated a novel Cs3Bi2I9-based perovskite configuration in SCAPS-1D software using different hole transport layers (HTLs). At the same time, WSsub.2 is applied as an electron transport layer (ETL). Comparative analysis of the various design configurations reveals that ITO/WSsub.2/Cssub.3Bisub.2Isub.9/PEDOT:PSS/Au offers the best performance with 20.12% of power conversion efficiency (PCE). After optimizing the thickness, bandgap, defect density, and carrier density, the efficiency of the configuration is increased from 20.12 to 24.91%. Improvement in other performance parameters such as short circuit current (17.325 mA/cmsup.2), open circuit voltage (1.5683 V), and fill factor (91.66%) are also observed after tuning different attributes. This investigation indicates the potential application of Cssub.3Bisub.2Isub.9 as a lead-free and stable perovskite material that can contribute to improving the renewable energy sector.
This study investigates whether trust in government policies has a mediation effect between the students' perception of COVID-19 health risk and their life satisfaction. In order to test the ...mediation effect, this study utilizes data collected from undergraduate students at Tecnológico de Monterrey in Mexico by means of online survey. The survey yielded 95 usable data out of 97. The valid results were tested via generalized linear model (GLM) Mediation approach for the mediation. Empirical findings of Delta method affrm the mediation (estimate = 0.4445, à = 0.474, z = 3.699, p < .001) role of trust in government as a mediator between students' perception of COVID-19 health risk and their life satisfaction. In other words, Mexican undergraduate students are of the view that trusting government plays a crucial role as a mediator between their perception of coronavirus health risk and life satisfaction. These findings may guide the governments' policy making efforts and motivate them to support their initiatives with trust-building efforts.
An
ab initio
study using density functional theory (DFT) is carried out to explore the structural, electronic, and optical properties of vanadium gallate (VGaO
3
) and niobium gallate (NbGaO
3
). The ...structural properties of these compounds are determined by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) technique as implemented in WIEN2k with a standard functional, i.e., the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA). In addition, the local density approximation plus Hubbard parameter (LDA + U) is employed to calculate the electronic bandgap and total and partial density of states (TDOS and PDOS), to overcome the limitation of the PBE-GGA functional in terms of underestimation of the electronic bandgap. The values computed for the indirect bandgap of VGaO
3
and NbGaO
3
are 0.45 and 0.51 eV, respectively, indicating that both materials are semiconductors in nature. The PDOS of the studied materials reveal that 3
d
-states of vanadium atoms, 4
d
-states of niobium atoms, and 2
p
-states of oxygen atoms form the valence band. Moreover, the Kramer–Kronig relations are used to compute the optical properties of the title compounds. The dielectric functions, refractive index, optical conductivity, absorption coefficient, extinction coefficient, energy loss function, and reflectivity of these materials are also computed. The results for the studied properties reveal that NbGaO
3
exhibits better properties than VGaO
3
for use in optoelectronic applications.
Brain function relies on the capacity of neurons to locally modulate each other at the level of synapses. Therefore, the exosomal pathway may constitute a well-designed mechanism for local and ...systemic interneuronal transfer of information within functional brain networks. Exosomes bind to and are endocytosed by neurons of different brain regions to play a definite role. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) brain regions are known to involve in pain modulation. Our study observes the roles of exosomal activity in these two dominant regions of the pain-related pathway, and there influence on the analgesic effects in CCI mice.
We induced pain exosomes in the mPFC and NAc in the mice of chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve model to produce neuropathic pain, and assessed changes that might affect analgesic behaviors. These changes were measured through a combination of behavioral, surgical, and other cellular testings.
Our study found that pain expression was elevated in mice given exogenous exosomes isolated from CCI mice, especially at the 2 h and 4 h time interval, in mice given exosomes at the mPFC and NAc, respectively. We also found that inhibiting formation of pain exosomes through GW4869 within the mPFC and NAc can elevate the pain threshold.
Results from our study supported the idea that the release of mPFC and NAc exosomes of CCI model has elevated the pain sensations in the subjected mice. This study will further help in designing new clinical trials, and will revolutionize the drug-induced anesthetic responses.
It’s a scholarly observation that a modern state has three pillars; executive, legislative and judiciary while media is called fourth pillar of a state. However, due to its controversy and ...importance, media is called watch dog of the society and state. Media is considered main source of every kind of information throughout the world. However, the contradictory application of media is a major issue in the contemporary Islamic society. It’s also perceived, media is playing role of propaganda machine against religious ethics and norms especially against Islamic way of life in global world. Pakistan is including one of the country where media is not playing a suitable role for social and moral development. National and local media of Pakistan is imitating western and global culture and civilizations. Media channels are violating rules and regulations of Pakistan electronic media regulatory authority (PEMRA) in addition with Islamic and social values. But sorry to say this forum is failed to overcome these issues in Pakistan. In this context, this study explores Islamic perspective upon importance of media principles and violation of religious and social rules of PEMRA by electronic and print Media. In this study analytical and critical research methodology has been adopted with qualitative approach. According to PEMRA rules and Islamic teachings, misreporting, transmission of vulgarity, obscene and broadcasting of sensational and wrong news have been strictly forbidden. But it’s observed, mostly media channels are violating Islamic and PEMRA’s rules clearly. Therefore, it’s recommended PEMRA rules must be followed with Islamic principles of media to overcome these issues in Pakistan.
Background
We sought to determine the financial impact of the United Network for Organ Sharing heart transplant (HT) allocation policy change of October 2018.
Methods
Using the Nationwide Inpatient ...Sample we retrospectively analyzed hospital discharge data between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2019. ICD‐10‐CM procedure codes were used to identify hospitalizations of patients undergoing HT as well as the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) during the HT hospitalization. Patients < 18 years old and those with missing data on costs were excluded. The primary outcome was inflation‐adjusted costs. Total costs were inflated to 2019 US dollars.
Results
During the course of the study, temporary MCS increased significantly among 11 380 weighted patients transplanted while mean length of stay (LOS) did not. Mean inflation‐adjusted costs rose about $40k per HT. On univariate analysis, transplantation year, use of temporary MCS and LOS were all significantly associated with increased cost while on multivariate analysis only temporary MCS and LOS were.
Conclusions
The 2018 allocation change has resulted in more expensive inpatient costs for HT correlating with an increase in temporary MCS.
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