Grand Strategy determines the ultimate goals and interests of a state. It has long-term effects on state policies. With the advent of the 21st century, China has emerged as a regional and global ...power. After entering the new era of development, China set specific goals and decided to achieve them, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. These goals are to convert China into a prosperous society, increase per capita income at par with developed states and realize modernization. In 2013, Xi Jinping announced China’s Grand Strategy, while stating that the period extended to 2020 (and beyond) is the era of strategic opportunity for China. This article discusses China’s Grand Strategy in the Asia-Pacific region. First, it conceptualizes Chinese strategy by focusing on its main objectives and interests. Secondly, it analyses its components while identifying how China is utilizing its economic, political, diplomatic, and security means to secure its interests in the region and maintain regional order. It also examines Chinese foreign policy in the Asia-Pacific region according to the institutions of international society described by Hadley Bull.
Bibliography Entry
Manzoor, Saima. 2021. "China’s Grand Strategy in the Asia-Pacific Region: An English School Perspective." Margalla Papers 25 (1): 81-91.
OBJECTIVES:
The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of aphthous ulceration (AU) among dental students.
METHODOLOGY:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at Khyber College of ...Dentistry, Peshawar in March 2021 among dental students of all four professional years. It was a questionnaire-based study. Questionnaire comprised of demographics and questions about aphthous positivity, risk factors. Risk factors were stress, family history, menstruation (hormonal changes), food allergy, gastrointestinal diseases and medication. Most questions were closed ended. Hospital Anxiety, and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depression.
RESULTS:
Total of 245 dental students responded to questionnaire. Out of 245 dental students, 117 (47.8%) gave a positive history of AU. Mean age in AU positive subjects was 23±1.5 years. AU was seen in males (48.7%) and females (51.3%) with no association between them. Among risk factors, 69 (28.2%) had positive family history, 93 (38%) had stress and 8 (3.3%) reported menstruation. Present study included spice (3.7%), fast food (0.4%), sweets (0.4%), dry fruit (0.4%) and walnut (0.4%) as food allergies related to AU. Only 13 (5.3%) reported a gastrointestinal disease. Medication like NSAIDS and antihypertensive were not involved in any AU case. Anxiety and depression was present in 65% and 38.5% with AU positivity.
CONCLUSION:
Stress was the most common risk factor and positive family history turned out to be the second common risk factor for AU among dental students.
This article specifically explains China’s Grand Strategy in Asia-Pacific. Firstly, it explains the importance of Asia-Pacific and then explains China’s Grand Strategy for Asia-Pacific in detail. ...This paper summing up the findings of PhD thesis ‘China’s Grand Strategy and Reshaping the Regional Order: A Case Study of Asia-Pacific’ argues that China has a clear and coherent Grand Strategy for the Asia-Pacific region. In addition to that, it analyses the basic components of Chinese Grand Strategy and identifies the way China is utilizing its economic, political, diplomatic, and security means to secure its interests in the Asia-Pacific region and to maintain the regional order.
This article highlights advancements in polymeric composite/nanocomposites processes and applications for improved radiation shielding and high-rate attenuation for the spacecraft. Energetic ...particles, mostly electrons and protons, can annihilate or cause space craft hardware failures. The standard practice in space electronics is the utilization of aluminum as radiation safeguard and structural enclosure. In space, the materials must be lightweight and capable of withstanding extreme temperature/mechanical loads under harsh environments, so the research has focused on advanced multi-functional materials. In this regard, low-Z materials have been found effective in shielding particle radiation, but their structural properties were not sufficient for the desired space applications. As a solution, polymeric composites or nanocomposites have been produced having enhanced material properties and enough radiation shielding (gamma, cosmic, X-rays, protons, neutrons, etc.) properties along with reduced weight. Advantageously, the polymeric composites or nanocomposites can be layered to form multi-layered shields. Hence, polymer composites/nanocomposites offer promising alternatives to developing materials for efficiently attenuating photon or particle radiation. The latest technology developments for micro/nano reinforced polymer composites/nanocomposites have also been surveyed here for the radiation shielding of space crafts and aerospace structures. Moreover, the motive behind this state-of-the-art overview is to put forward recommendations for high performance design/applications of reinforced nanocomposites towards future radiation shielding technology in the spacecraft.
Objective: To study the protective effect of Bisphosphonates (Pamidronate) in patients of primary osteoporosis in Pakistani setup.Study Design: Quasi experimental study.Place and Duration of Study: ...The study was carried out at department of orthopedic and spine surgery, CMH Rawalpindi, from Sep 2011 to Sep 2013.Material and Methods: A non probability convenience sample was collected from 50 patients who visited orthopaedics department with complaints of generalized aches and pains and diagnosed to have primary osteoprosis. Osteoporosis was confirmed by DEXA scan, with a T-score of more than -2.5. Pamidronate-a bisphosphonate, was given I/V on monthly basis along with oral calcium. After 6 month and one year DEXA scan was repeated to observe its effect on bone mineral densityResults: Osteoporosis T score of DEXA scan was seen to improve by 19.3% (0.193 T score improvement) with a p-value less than 0.05.Conclusion: Pamidronate treatment increased bone mineral density in osteoprotic patients.
This work explores the synthesis, characterization, and potential application of rare earth doping on hard ferrites, focusing on their unique electromagnetic properties for potential applications in ...radio frequency (RF) devices. This study investigates the influence of rare earth (Sm+3) doping on structural and dielectric properties of strontium ferrite. Samarium doped strontium ferrite with composition Sr1-xSmxFe12O19(x = 0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3) is prepared using the sol-gel auto combustion technique. The prepared samples' crystal structural and morphological properties were studied using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and RAMAN spectroscopy. XRD patterns of rare earth substituted strontium ferrite confirmed the formation of a hexagonal phase together with an impurity phase of Fe2O3 for x = 0.3. FTIR analysis establishes metal and Oxygen (M-O) stretching vibrations in Sr1-xSmxFe12O19 due to various interstitial sites in its structure. The Raman result shows the presence of four Raman active modes in prepared powders. Meanwhile, the broadening of Raman peaks with Sm2+ doping is also observed. Electromagnetic properties were obtained in the frequency region 2–18 GHz. An increasing tendency is observed in the real part of permittivity and permeability of all doped samples in the frequency region 2–18 GHz. The reflection loss was observed for sample x = 0.2 with the maximum value of > -40 dB at 18 GHz, and the adequate absorption bandwidth is 10 GHz from 8 GHz to above 18 GHz. On the basis of these results, among all prepared samples, Sr0.8Sm0.2 Fe12O19 is found to be the most suitable candidate for microwave absorbers.
•Investigation of rare earth (Sm+3) doped strontium ferrite for potential application as a microwave absorber in telecommunication, Aerospace, and defense-based industries.•Formation of a stable hexagonal phase in all prepared samples.•Increasing tendency of real part of permittivity and permeability of the doped sample.•Improvement of absorption properties with the addition of samarium in the frequency region 2–18 GHz.•Amongst all prepared samplesSr0.8Sm0.2Fe12O19 is found to have a minimum return loss of −40 dB at 18 GHz.
A single step surfactant-assisted hydrothermal route has been developed for the synthesis of zigzag silver telluride nanowires with diameter of 50–60 nm and length of several tens of micrometers. ...Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and sodium tellurite (Na2TeO3), are the precursors and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used as surfactant in the presence of the reducing agent, that is, hydrazine hydrate (N2H4 · H2O). In addition to the zigzag nanowires a facile hydrothermal reduction-carbonization route is proposed for the preparation of uniform core-shell Ag2Te/C nanowires. In case of Ag2Te/C synthesis process the same precursors are employed for Ag and Te along with the ethylene glycol used as reducing agent and glucose as the carbonizing agent. Morphological and compositional properties of the prepared products are analyzed with the help of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, respectively. The detailed formation mechanism of the zigzag morphology and reduction-carbonization growth mechanism for core-shell nanowires are illustrated on the bases of experimental results.
The J&K economy will not reach its full potential unless the government and employers remove barriers to women's full labour-force participation in the labour market. Failure to address structural ...labor market issues, employment policy does more than limit women's career opportunities and aspirations for a better life. In Jammu and Kashmir context overall labor force participation is reported to be considerably low and has been on consistent decline. It has decreased by 7% from 62.09% in 1999-00 to 55.68% in 2017-18. The overall decline in labor force has been mainly attributed to the sharp decline in female labor force participation rate, which has registered almost 8% decline from 39.86% to 31.61% during 1999-00 to 2017-18. This decline is puzzling some and against the gender development goals like inclusive development, women empowerment etc. Women's participation barriers also act as brakes on the national economy, stifling growth. By adopting gender friendly policies and removing barriers to women's participation we can narrow down gender gap in participation and achieve stronger economic growth
The regional order of Asia-Pacific is changing dramatically; it attracted the world’s attention, especially after China’s rise as a significant emerging global power and one of the influential ...regional powers in Asia-Pacific. China announced its Grand Strategy (GS) in 2013 for the Asia-Pacific region. It aims to convert China into a prosperous society, establish good relations with neighbouring countries and make the region more prosperous and developed. This paper deals with how regional and global actors behave towards China’s rise and its GS in the Asia-Pacific region. What regional order is China proposing for the stability and peace of the region? Moreover, what is the expected regional order in the coming years? This article overviews the proposed Chinese GS, focusing on the goals to be achieved in the Asia-Pacific region and the regional states’ reaction towards China’s rise, its GS, and the New Regional Order while using qualitative research methods. China attempts to coordinate with the regional states through bilateral and international mechanisms as they express strategic and security concerns. Despite their worries, all the regional states are backing Chinese GS because they believe Chinese projects can satisfy their infrastructure demands and other security and economic requirements.
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