We study a system of purely repulsive spherical self-propelled particles in the minimal setup inducing motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). We show that, even if explicit alignment interactions ...are absent, a growing order in the velocities of the clustered particles accompanies MIPS. Particles arrange into aligned or vortexlike domains whose size increases as the persistence of the self-propulsion grows, an effect that is quantified studying the spatial correlation function of the velocities. We explain the velocity alignment by unveiling a hidden alignment interaction of the Vicsek-like form, induced by the interplay between steric interactions and self-propulsion.
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General aspects of the Fluctuation–Dissipation Relation (FDR), and Response Theory are considered. After analyzing the conceptual and historical relevance of fluctuations in statistical mechanics, we ...illustrate the relation between the relaxation of spontaneous fluctuations, and the response to an external perturbation. These studies date back to Einstein’s work on Brownian Motion, were continued by Nyquist and Onsager and culminated in Kubo’s linear response theory.
The FDR has been originally developed in the framework of statistical mechanics of Hamiltonian systems, nevertheless a generalized FDR holds under rather general hypotheses, regardless of the Hamiltonian, or equilibrium nature of the system. In the last decade, this subject was revived by the works on Fluctuation Relations (FR) concerning far from equilibrium systems. The connection of these works with large deviation theory is analyzed.
Some examples, beyond the standard applications of statistical mechanics, where fluctuations play a major role are discussed: fluids, granular media, nanosystems and biological systems.
We propose a new experiment to measure the running of the electromagnetic coupling constant in the space-like region by scattering high-energy muons on atomic electrons of a low-
Z
target through the ...elastic process
μ
e
→
μ
e
. The differential cross section of this process, measured as a function of the squared momentum transfer
t
=
q
2
<
0
, provides direct sensitivity to the leading-order hadronic contribution to the muon anomaly
a
μ
HLO
. By using a muon beam of 150 GeV, with an average rate of
∼
1.3
×
10
7
muon/s, currently available at the CERN North Area, a statistical uncertainty of
∼
0.3% can be achieved on
a
μ
HLO
after two years of data taking. The direct measurement of
a
μ
HLO
via
μ
e
scattering will provide an independent determination, competitive with the time-like dispersive approach, and consolidate the theoretical prediction for the muon
g
-2 in the Standard Model. It will allow therefore a firmer interpretation of the measurements of the future muon
g
-2 experiments at Fermilab and J-PARC.
We propose a mechanism to control the formation of stable obstructions in two-dimensional microchannels of variable sections taking advantage of the peculiar clustering property of active systems. ...Under the activation of the self-propulsion by external stimuli, the system behaves as a switch according to the following principle: by turning-on the self-propulsion the particles become active and even at very low densities stick to the walls and form growing layers eventually blocking the channel bottleneck, while the obstruction dissolves when the self-propulsion is turned off. We construct the phase diagram distinguishing clogged and open states in terms of density and bottleneck width. The study of the average clogging time, as a function of density and bottleneck width, reveals the marked efficiency of the active clogging that swiftly responds to the self-propulsion turning on. The resulting picture shows a profound difference with respect to the clogging obtained through the slow diffusive dynamics of attractive passive Brownian disks. This numerical work suggests a novel method to use particles with externally tunable self-propulsion to create or destroy plugs in microchannels.
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We numerically investigate the behavior of driven noncohesive granular media and find that two fixed large intruder particles, immersed in a sea of small particles, experience, in addition to a ...short-range depletion force, a long-range repulsive force. The observed long-range interaction is fluctuation-induced and we propose a mechanism similar to the Casimir effect that generates it: The hydrodynamic fluctuations are geometrically confined between the intruders, producing an unbalanced renormalized pressure. An estimation based on computing the possible Fourier modes explains the repulsive force and is in qualitative agreement with the simulations.
The LHCb experiment will undergo a major upgrade during the second long shutdown (2019 - 2020). The upgrade will concern both the detector and the Data Acquisition system, which are to be rebuilt in ...order to optimally exploit the foreseen higher event rate. The Event Builder is the key component of the DAQ system, for it gathers data from the sub-detectors and builds up the whole event. The Event Builder network has to manage an incoming data rate of 32 Tb/s from a 40 MHz bunch-crossing frequency, with a cardinality of about 500 nodes. In this contribution we present an Event Builder implementation based on the InfiniBand network technology. This software relies on the InfiniBand verbs, which offers a user space interface to employ the Remote Direct Memory Access capabilities provided by the InfiniBand network devices. We will present the performance of the software on a cluster connected with 100 Gb/s InfiniBand network.
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