Artičoka (Cynara scolymus L.) je višegodišnja biljna vrsta koja zahvaljujući svojim prehrambenim ali i zdravstvenim značajkama postaje sve raširenija kultura na području primorske hrvatske i otoka. ...Tijekom svog razvoja artičoka je podložna napadu brojnih štetnika među kojima su gospodarski značajni nekoliko vrsta lisnih ušiju i leptira. Lisne uši kao fiziološki štetnici sisanjem listova i cvjetnih glavica postupno oslabljuju biljku, a osim toga zbog velikih količina medne rose na koju se naseljavaju gljive čađavice plodovi postaju neupotrebljivi za tržište. Leptiri u pravilu oštećuju cvjetne glavice i stabljiku. Od lisnih ušiju kao najznačajnije navedene su vrste: šljivina velika uši (Brachycaudus cardui) i bobova crna uš (Aphis fabae) Unutar reda Lepidoptera kao gospodarski značajni izdvojeni su: artičokin moljac (Depressaria erinaceella) i artičokina sovica (Gortyna xanthenes).
Artichoke is a perennial that thanks to its nutritional and health characteristic are becoming an incrisingliy widespread crop in coastal Croatia and the islands. During its development, the artichoke is susceptible to attack by numerous pests, among which several species of aphids and butterflies are economically important. As physiological pest aphids weaken the plant by sucking leaves and flowering buds. In addition, due to large amounts of honeydew, sooty mold makes the fruits unusable for the market. Butterflies damage flower heads and steems. The most important aphids are plum aphid (Brachycaudus cardui) and bean black aphid (Aphis fabae). Within the genus Lepidoptera, the following are economically important: artichoke moth (Depressaria erinaceella) and artichoke owl (Gortyna xanthenes).
One of the main tools in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is habitat management known as ecological infrastructure. Ecological infrastructures play an important role in enhancing biodiversity in ...perennial plantations such as vineyards. Moreover, elements of ecological infrastructure such as weeds and flowering plants enhance the population of beneficial insects, in particular, natural enemies of vineyard pests. The study was carried out during three consecutive years in three different models (extensive, integrated and organic) in Zadar county (Croatia). The main objective of this research was to assess the effects of three types of ecological infrastructures (weed margins, wildflower strips, and Mediterranean dry pastures) on true bugs (Heteroptera) composition and diversity. During the study period from May to October for three consecutive years (2010-2012), 4158 individuals belonging to 14 families, 30 genera and 58 species were recorded. Species richness and abundance were higher in both weedy margins and wildflower strips. The highest number of species was found in ecological infrastructures associated with integrated vineyard. Nysius graminicola graminicola (Kolenati) was considered as the dominant species within the whole study. The most abundant predators were Macrolophus melanotoma (Costa) and Orius niger (Wolff). Unlike Mediterranean dry pastures, the population of beneficial species was also more abundant and diverse in weedy margins and wildflower strips. Our results emphasize the need for maintaining ecological infrastructures in order to enhance the biodiversity of true bugs and overall arthropod biodiversity in vineyard landscapes. Moreover, weed margins and wildflower strips seem to have an influence on attracting and conserving the beneficial Heteroptera in agroecosystems. This results could help to improve conservative biological control as a part of IPM in vineyards.
One of the limiting factors in organic farming is the scarcity of allowed fertilizers and chemicals for plant protection. Plant and compost extracts are a promising solution for fertilization because ...of their positive effect on plant growth and soil microbial activity. Nettle extract was already successfully applied to some vegetables. Not-aerated nettle extract, obtained from dry nettle leaves, was applied in experiments with green beans in a quantity of 1 L per pot at two-day intervals was studied. A three-factorial experimental design was applied with two soil types (brown-Calcic Gleysol and red-Eutric Cambisol), soil disinfection with dazomet or not, and irrigated with nettle extract or water. Nettle extract application increased all above-ground traits; plant height, leaf area, flower buds, shoot dry weight at flowering, pod length, pod diameter, and shoot dry weight at harvest by 49%, 66%, 43%, 36%, 11%, 9%, and 37%, respectively, the root length at harvest by 59%, total yield by 48%, soil respiration by 91% and 74% in two soil types, and alkaline phosphatase by 30%. Dehydrogenase activity was enhanced by nettle extract application on red soil, while nettle extract application had no effect on root nodulation. The nettle extract application benefits in green bean organic production were attributed to the nutrients and other components present in the extract and not to nitrogen fixation. The optimization of the dose of the extract and experiments in real conditions of green bean production would be the next step toward the implementation of nettle extract as an organic fertilizer.
Artichoke is a perennial that thanks to its nutritional and health characteristic are becoming an incrisingliy widespread crop in coastal Croatia and the islands. During its development, the ...artichoke is susceptible to attack by numerous pests, among which several species of aphids and butterflies are economically important. As physiological pest aphids weaken the plant by sucking leaves and flowering buds. In addition, due to large amounts of honeydew, sooty mold makes the fruits unusable for the market. Butterflies damage flower heads and steems. The most important aphids are plum aphid (Brachycaudus cardui) and bean black aphid (Aphis fabae). Within the genus Lepidoptera, the following are economically important: artichoke moth (Depressaria erinaceella) and artichoke owl (Gortyna xanthenes).
Plant-based fertilizers, such as liquid plant extracts, contribute to the cultivation of vegetables, particularly in organic production. The objective of this study was to determine if aqueous nettle ...extract could be successfully used as a fertilizer, applied on the soil and foliarly, in green bean production under field conditions. The hypothesis was that it could successfully replace mineral fertilizers and be integrated into sustainable and organic agriculture. The experiment was conducted at two climatically and pedologically different locations (Zadar and Poreč) throughout two growing seasons (spring and autumn). Two types of aqueous nettle extracts were used: a short-term extract (SE) was prepared by the extraction of wild stinging nettle (183 g 10 L−1 of water) in water for 24 h, while a long-term extract (LE) was prepared at the same ratio with water extraction for 14 days. Both extracts were diluted with water at a ratio of 1:3 (extract:water) before use. The SE was applied foliarly, and LE, by pouring it onto the soil. The abovementioned treatments were compared with mineral fertilization with urea (U) and control (no fertilization (C)). Foliar fertilization with SE proved to be almost as efficient as fertilization with LE, poured onto soil, showing a positive effect on green bean vegetative parameters. Furthermore, aqueous nettle extracts showed a positive effect on the iron accumulation in the leaves.
U radu se prikazuju rezultati analize hortikulturne flore kućnih vrtova Gacke doline koja je s jedne strane omeđena Velebitom, a s druge Kapelom. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 2018. i 2019. ...godine, te revidirano 2021. godine. Nasumično je izabrano 40 vrtova koji se nalaze na različitim lokalitetima Gacke doline. Na istraživanoj površini determinirane su 133 svojte u sklopu 113 rodova i 60 porodica. Brojem svojta dominiraju kritosjemenjače (129 svojta; 96,99 %) i to dvosupnice (114 svojta; 85,71 %). Od prisutnih porodica najzastupljenija je porodica Rosaceae (12,78 %), a od rodova rod Prunus (5,26 %). Prema vrsti habitusa većina svojta su grmovi (30,83 %). Veća je dominantnost vazdazelenih svojti (61 %) u odnosu na listopadne. Prema geografskom podrijetlu su brojnije alohtone vrste (58,65 %) i to podrijetlom iz Amerike (26,92 %). Svojte ukrasnog karaktera (54,14 %) zastupljenije su od utilitarnih.
The paper presents the results of the analysis of the horticultural flora of the home gardens of the Gacka Valley, which is bounded on one side by Velebit and on the other by Kapela. The research was conducted in 2018 and 2019, and revised in 2021. 40 gardens located in different localities of the Gacke Valley were randomly selected. 133 taxa in 113 genera and 60 families were determined on the investigated area. The number of taxa is dominated by angiosperms (129 taxa; 96.99%) and dicotyledons (114 taxa; 85.71%). Of the families present, the Rosaceae family is the most represented (12.78%), and of the genera, the genus Prunus (5.26%). According to the type of habitus, most taxa are shrubs (30.83%). There is a greater dominance of evergreen taxa (61%) compared to deciduous taxa. According to geographical origin, non-native species are more numerous (58.65%), mostly originating from America (26.92%). Taxa of ornamental character are mostly represented (54.14%).
One of the limiting factors in organic farming is the scarcity of allowed fertilizers and chemicals for plant protection. Plant and compost extracts are a promising solution for fertilization because ...of their positive effect on plant growth and soil microbial activity. Nettle extract was already successfully applied to some vegetables. Not-aerated nettle extract, obtained from dry nettle leaves, was applied in experiments with green beans in a quantity of 1 L per pot at two-day intervals was studied. A three-factorial experimental design was applied with two soil types (brown—Calcic Gleysol and red—Eutric Cambisol), soil disinfection with dazomet or not, and irrigated with nettle extract or water. Nettle extract application increased all above-ground traits; plant height, leaf area, flower buds, shoot dry weight at flowering, pod length, pod diameter, and shoot dry weight at harvest by 49%, 66%, 43%, 36%, 11%, 9%, and 37%, respectively, the root length at harvest by 59%, total yield by 48%, soil respiration by 91% and 74% in two soil types, and alkaline phosphatase by 30%. Dehydrogenase activity was enhanced by nettle extract application on red soil, while nettle extract application had no effect on root nodulation. The nettle extract application benefits in green bean organic production were attributed to the nutrients and other components present in the extract and not to nitrogen fixation. The optimization of the dose of the extract and experiments in real conditions of green bean production would be the next step toward the implementation of nettle extract as an organic fertilizer.
Na području Nacionalnog parka Paklenica kao i na velikom broju ostalih zaštićenih područja ljudska aktivnost u obliku poljoprivredne proizvodnje je ograničena i mora se odvijati sukladno uvjetima ...zaštite prirode. Budući da je upravo poljoprivreda jedna od osnovnih djelatnosti vezanih za opstanak stanovništva na takvim je područjima trebalo pronaći model između proizvodnje i očuvanja prirode i okoliša. Tradicionalna, ekološki prihvatljiva poljoprivreda omogućuje proizvodnju namirnica po ekološkim načelima, pridonosi očuvanju biološke raznolikosti, te očuvanju autohtonih kultura i pasmina. U radu su opisane osnovne značajke NP Paklenica (smještaj, geografski položaj, te geološke klimatske i hidrološke značajke). Tijekom ovog istraživanja zabilježen je sveukupno 41 vrt koji se nekada koristio ili se još uvijek koristi za proizvodnju osnovnih poljoprivrednih kultura. Prikazani su najznačajnije biljne i životinjske vrste, te tradicionalan načini proizvodnje. Prikazana je organizacija plodoreda, agrotehnika (obrada, gnojidba i navodnjavanje), te metode njege biljaka. Ovakav način proizvodnje temelji se na ekološki prihvatljivim mjerama čija je svrha smanjiti onečišćenje okoliša i očuvati biološku raznolikost. Premda okarakterizirano kao tradicionalni, neki od navedenih načina proizvodnje predstavljaju okosnicu suvremene ekološke poljoprivrede. Osim toga takva proizvodnja ima izuzetnu vrijednost u etnološkom smislu ali i u obogaćivanju turističke ponude podvelebitskog dijela Zadarske županije.
Smokva (Ficus carica L.) je mediteranska voćna kultura koja ima dugu tradiciju uzgoja na području Ravnih kotara. Područje istraživanja se nalazilo u blizini mjesta Polača u nasadu smokve s ...integriranim sustavom proizvodnje. Zastupljene sorte su „Zamorčica“, „Bjelica“ i „Petrovača bijela“. Način gospodarenja tlom u voćnjacima igra važnu ulogu u aktivnosti i raznolikosti faune prizemnih člankonožaca. Istraživanje je provedeno s ciljem proučavanja sastava i aktivnosti faune prizemnih člankonožaca u zakorovljenom za razliku od pokošenog i malčiranog nasada smokve. Za vrijeme pokusa nasad smokve je bio podijeljen na dva dijela. Jedan dio bio je zakorovljen, a drugi pokošen i malčiran nekoliko puta tijekom vegetacijske sezone. Istraživanje je trajalo od svibnja do rujna 2017. Uzorkovanje je obavljeno korištenjem lovnih posuda („pitfall traps“). Ulovljeno je sveukupno 1 689 jedinki koje pripadaju u 2 razreda, 7 redova i 15 porodica. Na zatravljenom dijelu pronađeno je 993 jedinki, dok je na pokošenom zabilježeno 696 jedinki. Najbrojniji su bili: opnokrilci (Hymenoptera - por. Formicidae), kornjaši (Coleoptera) i pauci (Araneae). U ovom istraživanju dominirali su mravi sa zastupljenošću od 77. 68% ukupnog ulova.
Background/Aim: Geotropism of the human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the heterogeneous distribution of different genotypes worldwide. Aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of the HPV ...infection in women from Vojvodina, Serbia, according to cytological status and pathological changes of cervix - dysplasia and cancer. Methods: The research was conducted as a retrospective study at the Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina (IPHV). Data from the medical records of female patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cervical cancer at the Department of Gynaecology, Clinic for Surgical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina in Sremska Kamenica in the period from 2016 to 2021 were used, as well as the laboratory findings of the IPHV for a group of patients with normal cytological results of the Papanikolau (PAPA) smear. Results: A total of 731 women, from 20 to 82 years of age, with different cytological results were enrolled. 567 samples were classified as NILM, while 164 samples belong to a group of abnormal histopathology (LSIL/HSIL/cervical cancer). The HPV genotyping assay was performed using the EUROArray HPV test to detect 30 HPV genotypes. In the overall number with normal cytological findings, HPV infection was verified in 242 (42.7 %) patients, of which 135 (55.8 %) were verified with high risk HPV, while 76 (31.4 %) were verified with a mixed group of HPV (Low risk/High risk HPV). Most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 31, 53, 51 and 18 in NILM cytological status. In the samples with the abnormal histopathology, the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16, 33, 31 and 56, while 18 and 39 were equally verified. Genotype 16 was the most prevalent in the examined sample, with a higher prevalence in higher-grade histopathological findings: 18.8 % in LSIL, 31.9 % in HSIL and 75.0 % in cervical cancer samples. Infection with multiple associated genotypes of HPV was not correlated with histopathology. By comparing histopathological diagnosis and age, older patients had higher-grade lesions. Conclusion: Based on the estimated oncogenic potential of HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in presented sample, it can be concluded that the nine-valent HPV vaccine for genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 would have the potential to prevent HPV infection and the incidence of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer in about 85 % of women. Observing trends in the prevalence of HPV, especially HR HPV genotypes, can be important in the further strategy of applying secondary and primary prevention, as well as the application of HPV detection as part of co-testing or considering the introduction of HPV testing in the initial screening program.
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