Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic is having an unprecedented detrimental impact on mental health in people around the world. It is therefore important to examine factors that may buffer or heighten ...the risk of mental health problems in this context.
Objectives
This study explores the buffering effects of different flows of compassion (for self, for others, from others) and the magnifying effects of fears of compassion on the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, and social safeness.
Methods
4057 adult participants collected from the general community population across 21 countries from Europe, Middle East, North America, South America, Asia and Oceania, completed self-report measures of perceived threat of COVID-19, compassion, fears of compassion, depression, anxiety, stress, and social safeness.
Results
Self-compassion moderated the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and stress, whereas compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of COVID-19 on social safeness. Fears of compassion moderated the impact of perceived threat of COVID-19 on psychological distress. Only fears of compassion from others moderated the effects of fears of COVID-19 on social safeness. These effects were consistent across countries.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the universal protective role of compassion, in particular self-compassion and compassion from others, in promoting resilience by buffering against the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness. Furthermore, our results reveal that fears of compassion have a magnifying effect on the damaging impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and social safeness.
Disclosure
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A combination of cobalt and nickel catalytic cycles enables a highly branch-selective (Markovnikov) olefin hydroarylation. Radical cyclization and ring scission experiments are consistent with ...hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) generation of a carbon-centered radical that leads to engagement of a nickel cycle.
Conspectus The implementation of any chemical reaction in a structurally complex setting ( King, S. M. J. Org. Chem. 2014, 79, 8937 ) confronts structurally defined barriers: steric environment, ...functional group reactivity, product instability, and through-bond electronics. However, there are also practical barriers. Late-stage reactions conducted on small quantities of material are run inevitably at lower than optimal concentrations. Access to late-stage material limits extensive optimization. Impurities from past reactions can interfere, especially with catalytic reactions. Therefore, chemical reactions on which one can rely at the front lines of a complex synthesis campaign emerge from the crucible of total synthesis as robust, dependable, and widely applied. Trost conceptualized “chemoselectivity” as a reagent’s selective reaction of one functional group or reactive site in preference to others ( Trost, B. M. Science 1983, 219, 245 ). Chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance can be evaluated quickly using robustness screens ( Collins, K. D. Nat. Chem. 2013, 5, 597 ). A reaction may also be characterized by its “chemofidelity”, that is, its reliable reaction with a functional group in any molecular context. For example, ketone reduction by an electride (dissolving metal conditions) exhibits high chemofidelity but low chemoselectivity: it usually works, but many other functional groups are reduced at similar rates. Conversely, alkene coordination chemistry effected by π Lewis acids can exhibit high chemoselectivity ( Trost, B. M. Science 1983, 219, 245 ) but low chemofidelity: it can be highly selective for alkenes but sensitive to the substitution pattern ( Larionov, E. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 9816 ). In contrast, alkenes undergo reliable, robust, and diverse hydrogen atom transfer reactions from metal hydrides to generate carbon-centered radicals. Although there are many potential applications of this chemistry, its functional group tolerance, high rates, and ease of execution have led to its rapid deployment in complex synthesis campaigns. Its success derives from high chemofidelity, that is, its dependable reactivity in many molecular environments and with many alkene substitution patterns. Metal hydride H atom transfer (MHAT) reactions convert diverse, simple building blocks to more stereochemically and functionally dense products ( Crossley, S. W. M. Chem. Rev. 2016, 116, 8912 ). When hydrogen is returned to the metal, MHAT can be considered the radical equivalent of Brønsted acid catalysisitself a broad reactivity paradigm. This Account summarizes our group’s contributions to method development, reagent discovery, and mechanistic interrogation. Our earliest contribution to this areaa stepwise hydrogenation with high chemoselectivity and high chemofidelityhas found application to many problems. More recently, we reported the first examples of dual-catalytic cross-couplings that rely on the merger of MHAT cycles and nickel catalysis. With time, we anticipate that MHAT will become a staple of chemical synthesis.
IntroductionCross-sectional data has shown that compassion for self and from others may be a protective factor for greater psychosocial wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic whilst fears of compassion ...act as a risk factor for experiencing mental health difficulties.ObjectivesThe current study sought out to explore the natural fluctuation of compassion (for self, for others and from others) and of fears of compassion (for self, for others and from others) across time during the COVID-19 pandemic in a multinational community sample.MethodsData from 4057 participants from 21 countries was collected at 3 time points during the pandemic (baseline, 3 months and 6 months). Other than demographic variables, participants completed the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales and the Fears of Compassion Scales. Multilevel latent growth modelling was used to investigate the main aims.ResultsThere was a significant increase in compassion for self and from others, whilst compassion for others remained unchanged throughout the 3 time points Chi square 349.30(df=50) p< .001; RMSEA .035; CFI .93; TLI .91; SRMR (within) .043; SRMR (between) .70. Fears of self-compassion and compassion for others significantly reduced throughout the pandemic whilst fears of compassion from others remained stable Chi square 406.57(df=50) p< .001; RMSEA .038; CFI .96; TLI .94; SRMR (within) .042; SRMR (between) .35.ConclusionsThe findings from this study seem to suggest that in a period of shared suffering people from multiple countries and nationalities tend to become more compassionate and less afraid of and resistant to compassion for and from others.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared
The second edition of the Special Issue entitled the "Application Progress of Liposomes in Drug Development" featured contributions predominantly focused on leveraging liposomes as enhancers and ...carriers in drug delivery in the context of cancer treatment, although this was not the initial intent of this Special Issue ....
Smart grids are the result of a dynamic co-evolution process that leverages the integration of new technological advances in the energy systems and information and communication technologies. This ...process is accompanied by changes in business models, organizational structures, roles, and operating practices. In this context, collaboration among multiple entities becomes a crucial element, justifying the term Collaborative Smart Grid. The purpose of this article is to systematically review recent literature with a view to identifying trends, opportunities, and challenges regarding the application of models, approaches, and tools from collaborative networks to the energy domain.
Chronic diseases are a global problem, yet information on their determinants is generally scant in low- and middle-income countries. The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) ...aims to contribute relevant information regarding the development and progression of clinical and subclinical chronic diseases, particularly cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, in one such setting. At Visit 1, we enrolled 15 105 civil servants from predefined universities or research institutes. Baseline assessment (2008-10) included detailed interviews and measurements to assess social and biological determinants of health, as well as various clinical and subclinical conditions related to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and mental health. A second visit of interviews and examinations is under way (2012-14) to enrich the assessment of cohort exposures and to detect initial incident events. Annual surveillance has been conducted since 2009 for the ascertainment of incident events. Biological samples (sera, plasma, urine and DNA) obtained at both visits have been placed in long-term storage. Baseline data are available for analyses, and collaboration via specific research proposals directed to study investigators is welcome.
Nowadays, more and more enterprises are aware and motivated to adhere to collaborative platforms as business enablers, allowing groups of companies to improve their offer and competitiveness. As ...such, the concept of business ecosystem is becoming prominent. However, despite the evidences of collaboration benefits, for which some research efforts have been made, there is still a lack of suitable performance indicators and associated metrics to assess those benefits, promoting sustainability and resilience of the members of a collaborative business ecosystem. The analysis of the literature shows that a number of contributions can be found in several research fields, such as enterprise performance indicators, collaboration benefits, value systems, supply chain collaboration, and social network analysis. The purpose of this paper is to survey these areas, highlighting their potential contributions concerning the assessment of collaborative benefits and performance. The analysis also identifies the strengths and weaknesses of current proposals regarding the establishment of adequate performance indicators for collaborative business ecosystems.
•Measurement of collaboration benefits is an important element in business ecosystems.•Sustainability and resilience of collaborative business ecosystems depend on adequate performance indicators.•A healthy collaborative business ecosystem leads to economic and social value creation.
This paper addresses the participation of an aggregator of small prosumers in the energy and tertiary reserve markets. A two-stage stochastic optimization model is proposed to exploit the load and ...generation flexibility of the prosumers. The aim is to define energy and tertiary reserve bids to minimize the net cost of the aggregator buying and selling energy in the day-ahead and real-time markets, as well as to maximize the revenue of selling tertiary reserve during the real-time stage. Scenario-based stochastic programming is used to deal with the uncertainties of photovoltaic power generation, electricity demand, outdoor temperature, end-users' behavior, and preferences. A case study of 1000 small prosumers from MIBEL is used to compare the proposed strategy to two other strategies. The numerical results show that the proposed strategy reduces the bidding net cost of the aggregator by 48% when compared to an inflexible strategy typically used by retailers.
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