Cardiology services within primary care often focus on disease prevention, early identification of illness and prompt referral for diagnosis and specialist treatment. Due to advances in ...pharmaceuticals, implantable cardiac devices and surgical interventions, individuals with heart failure are living longer, which can place a significant strain on global healthcare resources. Heart failure nurses in a primary care setting offer a wealth of clinical knowledge and expertise across all phases of the heart failure trajectory and are able to support patients, family members and other community services, including general practitioners. This review examines the recently published evidence on the current and potential future practice of heart failure nurses within primary care.
Stereotypes of men (e.g., strong, domineering, assertive) can harm boys' health and contribute to the normalization of sexual harassment. Yet research on how adolescents view masculinity is limited, ...particularly for those growing up during the #MeToo movement. Using a mixed-methods approach, we explore beliefs about masculinity in a sample of 16 to 19 year olds growing up in the UK (N = 129). Results from the quantitative analysis show that, compared to girls, boys report feeling more comfortable with media representations of hegemonic masculinity, greater adherence to hegemonic ideology, higher self-esteem, and less engagement with the topic. Results from the qualitative analysis reflected these findings; boys' descriptions of masculinity were more reliant on hegemonic ideals, and they were less critical of the topic than girls. Despite recent narratives on masculinity's place in society, this study suggests that boys are complacent about societal expectations to behave in line with gender stereotypes.
Eating disorders continue to be studied among civilian women. Gross disturbances in eating behaviors characterize the condition of anorexia nervosa (AN), currently seen among 1 to 2% of non-active ...duty women. Bulimia nervosa (BN) is prevalent among 2% of the female population, and both disorders have a female-to-male ratios of 10:1. Another category of eating disorders known as not otherwise specified (NOS) occurs in 3 to 35% of individuals in the reported literature. This study examined the prevalence of AN, BN, and NOS among a large sample of active duty women currently serving in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marines. Multiple military, professional, and behavioral variables were analyzed to provide an increased understanding and awareness of these disorders among all active duty service women. This descriptive, correlational study of 3,613 service women targeted females from the total population of three major medical centers (Army, Navy, and Air Force) and the total population of Marine women serving in Okinawa, Japan, at the time of the study. Anonymous survey return was obtained at 34% (N = 1,278). The study revealed an overall prevalence of 1.1% for AN, 8.1% for BN, and 62.8% for NOS among all service women. However, AN, BN, and NOS were found at significantly higher rates (p = 0.000) among women in the Marines, who reported AN at 4.9%, BN at 15.9%, and NOS at 76.7%. Use of laxatives, diuretics, diet pills, vomiting, and fasting for standards increased during the body measurement and fitness periods for all services, but year-round use of many of these behaviors occurred at significantly higher rates among Marines (p = 0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted several factors associated with the manifestation of eating disorders in this population of active duty women.
Military families are placed under a great deal of stress while serving in the armed forces. In Okinawa, Japan, marines deploy regularly at 3-month intervals throughout the year, leaving behind 7,924 ...dependents in a single-parent home environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the health care needs of families in a deployed and nondeployed status in Okinawa, Japan. Families enrolled were studied over a 6-month period for levels of self-reliance, coherence, social support, well-being, adaptation, coping, anxiety, and health care visits. The tools that were used included the Family Index of Regenerativity and Adaptation-Military tools and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory. There were 299 families enrolled, of which 80% were marine spouses. A total of 28% of those surveyed were regarded as "high risk" based on the responses received on the surveys. Of these 85 families, 35% (n = 30) were nondeployed (ND), and 65% (n = 55) were from the deployed group (p = 0.03). After phone intervention, 40% of the deployed group and 17% of the ND were classified as stable; however, psychiatric consults were accepted by 29% of deployed group spouses compared with 23% of ND spouses who were identified as high-risk families. Typology change over time identified family dysfunction at 1% in the ND group alone. This study sheds new light on the stressors and subsequent health care needs of both deployed and nondeployed families in an isolated overseas duty location.
Literature has generously documented the stress of military members and their families during deployments in noncombat periods. Deployment has been shown to increase the needs of family members for ...health care, both physical and psychological. The purpose of this study was to describe the health care needs and perceived stressors of active duty members deployed to Iraq during the predeployment, mid-deployment, and postdeployment phases. Active duty Navy service members deployed on three aircraft carriers during Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2002-2003 were randomly selected to participate in an anonymous study that evaluated member well-being, adaptation, coping, anxiety, stress, and health care needs during three phases of deployment. Data were obtained from 474 Navy members in predeployment, 445 in mid-deployment, and 276 in postdeployment. Logistic regression analyses indicated that many variables predicted extreme anxiety during deployment, including mid-deployment phase, age of under 25 years, being childless, nonattendance at church, being enlisted, zero- or one-deployment history; no high school education, and being currently in counseling. Active duty members in all phases of deployment had equally disturbing levels of anxiety. All phases reported suicidal ideation at alarming rates (2.4% in predeployment, 4.9% in mid-deployment, and 3% in postdeployment). This study sheds new light on the stressors and subsequent health care needs of active duty members on carriers during war and provides valuable information for the prevention of high-risk anxieties and subsequent health risks for all service members during similar deployments.
In legal due diligence, lawyers identify a variety of topic instances in a company's contracts that may pose risk during a transaction. In this paper, we present a study of 9 lawyers conducting a ...simulated review of 50 contracts for five topics. We find that lawyers agree on the general location of relevant material at a higher rate than in other assessor agreement studies, but they do not entirely agree on the extent of the relevant material. Additionally, we do not find strong differences between lawyers who have differing levels of due diligence expertise.
If we train machine learning models to identify these topics based on each user's judgments, the resulting models exhibit similar levels of agreement between each other as to the lawyers that trained them. This indicates that these models are learning the types of behaviour exhibited by their trainers, even if they are doing so imperfectly. Accordingly, we argue that additional work is necessary to improve the assessment process to ensure that all parties agree on identified material.
Research on sexual violence is often conducted within the qualitative paradigm. However, many writers have described the lack of specific detail provided with regard to decisions and processes ...involved in transcribing and analyzing this type of data. In this article, I will provide a description and discussion of the organization, categorization, and analysis of in-depth interviews in a recent study of women who sexually abused children. The study revealed common experiences of sexual and other abuse in the women's childhood and adult relationships. These experiences created vulnerabilities that appeared to play a significant role in the women's offenses. Although abused women rarely abuse others, the findings suggest that supporting and providing therapy to victims of abuse might minimize the potential for such outcomes. Keywords: Sexual Violence, Transcription, Data Analysis, Qualitative, Feminist
Research on sexual violence is often conducted within the qualitative paradigm. However, many writers have described the lack of specific detail provided with regard to decisions and processes ...involved in transcribing and analyzing this type of data. In this article, I will provide a description and discussion of the organization, categorization, and analysis of in-depth interviews in a recent study of women who sexually abused children. The study revealed common experiences of sexual and other abuse in the women's childhood and adult relationships. These experiences created vulnerabilities that appeared to play a significant role in the women's offenses. Although abused women rarely abuse others, the findings suggest that supporting and providing therapy to victims of abuse might minimize the potential for such outcomes. Adapted from the source document.
We present and formalize the due diligence problem, where lawyers extract data from legal documents to assess risk in a potential merger or acquisition, as an information retrieval task. Furthermore, ...we describe the creation and annotation of a document collection for the due diligence problem that will foster research in this area. This dataset comprises 50 topics over 4,412 documents and ~15 million sentences and is a subset of our own internal training data. Using this dataset, we present what we have found to be the state of the art for information extraction in the due diligence problem. In particular, we find that when treating documents as sequences of labelled and unlabelled sentences, Conditional Random Fields significantly and substantially outperform other techniques for sequence-based (Hidden Markov Models) and non-sequence based machine learning (logistic regression). Included in this is an analysis of what we perceive to be the major failure cases when extraction is performed based upon sentence labels.
The ability to use computer-based technology is an essential skill set for students majoring in chemistry. This exercise details the introduction of appropriate uses for this technology in the ...organic chemistry series. The incorporation of chemically appropriate online resources (module 1), scientific databases (module 2), and the use of a chemical drawing program (module 3) are detailed here.
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