A survey on bug-report analysis Zhang, Jie; Wang, XiaoYin; Hao, Dan ...
Science China. Information sciences,
02/2015, Volume:
58, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Bug reports are essential software artifacts that describe software bugs, especially in open-source software. Lately, due to the availability of a large number of bug reports, a considerable amount ...of research has been carried out on bug-report analysis, such as automatically checking duplication of bug reports and localizing bugs based on bug reports. To review the work on bug-report analysis, this paper presents an exhaustive survey on the existing work on bug-report analysis. In particular, this paper first presents some background for bug reports and gives a small empirical study on the bug reports on Bugzilla to motivate the necessity for work on bug-report analysis. Then this paper summaries the existing work on bug-report analysis and points out some possible problems in working with bug-report analysis.
Background：The relationship between intramural myomas and fertility remains unclear.The main debate rests on whether cavity-distorting intramural lnyomas （CDMs） adversely affect fertility more than ...non-CDMs.We aimed to compare the effects ofenucleating non-CDMs and CDMs on fertility improvement in females with unexplained infertility.Methods：We prospectively recruited 83 women undergoing myomectomy for unexplained infertility with intramural myomas between June 2008 and November 2012 and classified them into non-CDMs group （n =45） and CDMs group （n =38）.We then compared postoperative infertility rates,spontaneous pregnancy rates,pregnancy outcomes,live birth rates,and obstetric complications.For continuous variables,we calculated the mean ± standard deviation,median and interquartile range,and analyzed the data using Student＇s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test.For categorical variables,the Pearson＇s Chi-square test,the continuity correction test,and Fisher＇s exact test were used.Results：Patients＇ demographics and myoma characteristics were comparable between the two groups.The overall spontaneous pregnancy rate increased from 0% to 68.42% following myomectomy.The postoperative infertility rate was significantly higher in the non-CDMs group than that in the CDMs group （50.00% vs.23.53%,t =5.579,P =0.018）,whereas the postoperative spontaneous pregnancy rate was significantly lower in the non-CDMs group than that in the CDMs group （47.62% vs.70.59%,t 4.067,P =0.044）.Compared with the enucleation ofnon-CDM,the enucleation of CDM patients was a protective factor for the fertility restoration （risk ratio RR =3.717,95% confidence interval CI：1.284-10.753,P =0.015）,although postoperative fertility restoration declined with age （RR =1.141,95% CI：1.005-1.295,P =0.041）.Conclusions：Intramural myomas are associated with impaired fertility.Women experiencing unexplained infertility,and possessing intramural myomas,have a better chance of conception following myomectomy,and these benefits are more obvious for younger patients and patients with CDM.
Digital mindfulness-based interventions (d-MBIs) have garnered significant research interest in recent years due to their psychological benefits. However, little is known about their impact on ...prosocial behaviors. This study investigates how d-MBIs impact prosocial behaviors where time spent is money, with Chinese adolescents as the subjects, through an online charity task (
www.freerice.com
). 119 students from a high school in China, who were inexperienced with mindfulness meditation, participated in this randomized controlled trial. The d-MBI group (
N
= 39) received online MBI guidance, while the face-to-face mindfulness-based intervention (f-MBI,
N
= 43) group underwent mindfulness intervention under personal tutors. The active control group (
N
= 37) completed a crossword task. Data analysis first involved repeated measures variance analysis, including pre-and post-intervention assessments. Subsequently, a two-way variance analysis was performed, with gender (female and male) and group (d-MBI, f-MBI, active control) as independent variables and the number of grains as dependent variables for the three groups of participants. Results showed that d-MBIs effectively improved empathy and compassion in Chinese adolescents, leading to increased rice donations to the United Nations World Food Program. These results underscore the positive effect of d-MBIs on prosociality and suggest their applicability in beneficial real-world situations involving prosocial behaviors, extending beyond previous research primarily conducted in artificial and hypothetical scenarios.
Main antioxidants in higher plants include glutathione, ascorbate, tocopherol, proline, betaine, and others, which are also information-rich redox buffers and important redox signaling components ...that interact with biomembrane-related compartments. As an evolutionary consequence of aerobic life for higher plants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are formed by partial reduction of molecular oxygen. The above enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in higher plants can protect their cells from oxidative damage by scavenging ROS. In addition to crucial roles in defense system and as enzyme cofactors, antioxidants influence higher plant growth and development by modifying processes from mitosis and cell elongation to senescence and death. Most importantly, they provide essential information on cellular redox state, and regulate gene expression associated with biotic and abiotic stress responses to optimize defense and survival. An overview of the literature is presented in terms of main antioxidants and redox signaling in plant cells. Special attention is given to ROS and ROS-antioxidant interaction as a metabolic interface for different types of signals derived from metabolism and from the changing environment, which regulates the appropriate induction of acclimation processes or, execution of cell death programs, which are the two essential directions for higher plants.
To cite this article: H.-B. Shao et al., C. R. Biologies 331 (2008).
It has been reported that tripartite motif containing 26 (TRIM26) is involved in the tumorigenesis of some cancers, but its function in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. In this ...study, we found that TRIM26 was markedly down‐regulated in both of NSCLC tumor tissues and cell lines. Additionally, high expression of TRIM26 in NSCLC patients predicted a positive index for patients' overall survival. What is more, overexpression of TRIM26 significantly suppressed NSCLC cell growth. Our further studies indicated that overexpression of TRIM26 inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K p85 and AKT. And overexpressed TRIM26 regulated cell cycle‐related genes' expression, including downregulating CDK4, Cyclin A, Cyclin D1, Cyclin D3, and Cyclin E, and upregulating p27 expression. Finally, we found that TRIM26 up‐regulated PTEN expression by stabilizing PTEN protein in NSCLC cells. Collectively, our present study indicated that TRIM26 was decreased in NSCLC and overexpression of TRIM26 inhibited NSCLC cell growth by suppressing PI3K/AKT pathway, which suggested that TRIM26 could be as a potential target for the treatment of NSCLC in the future.
Nitrogen (N) deposition seriously affects the function of carbon (C) and N cycling in terrestrial ecosystems by altering soil microbial communities, especially in desert steppe ecosystems. However, ...there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of how microorganisms involved in each C and N cycle process respond to N deposition.
In this study, shotgun metagenome sequencing was used to investigate variations in soil C and N cycling-related genes in the desert steppe in northern China after 6 years of the following N deposition: N0 (control); N30 (N addition 30 kg ha
year
): N50 (N addition 50 kg ha
year
).
N deposition significantly increased the relative abundance of
(
< 0.05) while significantly decreased the relative abundances of
and
(
< 0.05). This significantly impacted the microbial community composition in desert steppe soils. The annual addition or deposition of 50 kg ha
year
for up to 6 years did not affect the C cycle gene abundance but changed the C cycle-related microorganism community structure. The process of the N cycle in the desert steppe was affected by N deposition (50 kg ha
year
), which increased the abundance of the
gene related to nitrification and the
gene associated with assimilation nitrite reductase. There may be a niche overlap between microorganisms involved in the same C and N cycling processes.
This study provides new insights into the effects of N deposition on soil microbial communities and functions in desert steppe and a better understanding of the ecological consequences of anthropogenic N addition.
Parasitic infection is one of the many challenges facing livestock production globally.
Cysticercosis tenuicollis
is a common parasitic disease in domestic and wild ruminants (intermediate host) ...caused by the larval stage of
Taenia hydatigena
that primarily infects dogs (definitive host). Although genetic studies on this parasite exist, only a few describe the genetic variation of this parasite in Mongolia. Our aim was thus, to identify the mitochondrial differences in ovine isolates of
Cysticercus tenuicollis
entering China from Mongolia and comparison with existing Chinese isolates from sheep and goats based on the recently described PCR–RFLP method and mitochondrial genes of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (
nad
4) and the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (
nad
5). Sixty-nine isolates were collected during routine veterinary meat inspections from sheep that originated from Mongolia, at the modern slaughterhouses in Erenhot City, Inner Mongolia. Additional 114 cysticerci were also retrieved from sheep and goats from northern (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province), western (Tibet Autonomous Region), and southern (Jiangxi Province and Guangxi Province) China. The PCR–RFLP approach of the
nad
5 showed nine mitochondrial subclusters A1, A2, A3, A5, A8, A9, A10, A11, and B of
T. hydatigena
isolates from sheep and goats from Mongolia and China. Meanwhile, haplogroup A1 RFLP profile was more widespread than other variants. These data supplements existing information on the molecular epidemiology of
T. hydatigena
in China and Mongolia and demonstrate the occurrence of similar genetic population structures in both countries.
The aim of this study is to assess the impacts of urban green space on depressive symptoms among Chinese urban residents aged 45 and older. In total, 7397 urban respondents were included in this ...study. Each respondent participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study Wave 3 (2015). Environmental-level variables were retrieved from the National Bureau of Statistics database. Both unadjusted and adjusted methods were used in the multilevel regression analysis. Almost one-third of the sample population suffered from depressive symptoms (31.20%). The multilevel logistic regression model showed that green coverage ratio of city-built districts is negatively associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms among urban mid-aged (OR = 0.79,
< 0.05) and elderly (OR = 0.75,
< 0.05) residents, and the public recreational green space helps to reduce elderly people's depressive symptoms (OR = 0.77,
< 0.05). This study adds insights about the impact of green space and other environmental factors on depressive symptoms among mid-aged and elderly urban dwellers. It is important to provide enough and accessible overall urban green spaces; additionally, attention should also be paid to specific green space forms such as public recreational green space.
Imposing any tax among carbon tax, sulfur tax and nitrogen tax on fossil fuels will also reduce the other two air pollutants. Neglecting the synergistic effect of each energy environmental tax and ...levying carbon tax, sulfur tax and nitrogen tax at the same time will overestimate the abatement cost of air emissions. This study adopts a partial equilibrium model which uses linear demand and supply curves to illustrate the emission reductions in carbon tax, sulfur tax and nitrogen tax. The synergistic reduction effects of CO
2
, SO
2
and NO
x
are firstly evaluated under the implicit tax scenario of resource tax and consumption tax on fossil fuels. Then it is compared with the synergistic reduction effects of CO
2
, SO
2
and NO
x
under different explicit tax scenarios of increasing tax rate on carbon tax, sulfur tax and nitrogen tax. If the synergistic reduction effect of explicit environmental taxes is better, this research aims to find one kind of environmental tax among carbon tax, sulfur tax and nitrogen tax with the best synergistic reduction effect and to provide a decision support for the policy makers of energy environmental taxes. The results indicate that explicit environmental taxes have better synergistic reduction effects compared with the current implicit environmental taxes. And explicit sulfur tax can lead to the largest synergistic reduction effects of CO
2
, SO
2
and NO
x
. Therefore, the policy makers of energy environmental taxes could consider adopting the explicit sulfur tax to reduce various environmental air emissions at the largest amount.
Eleven new seco‐iridoids, valeridoids G‐Q (1–6 and 8–12), along with four known products, 9‐epi‐valtral C (7), desacylbaldrinal (13), 11‐methoxyviburtinal (14) and baldrinal (15), were obtained from ...Valeriana jatamansi. Among them, the new compounds were identified by their NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS spectroscopic data and ECD calculation. Moreover, valeridoid N and O were a pair of C3 epimers, whose ether bonds between C‐1 and C‐3 opened, and new ether bonds formed between C‐3 and C‐6. Valeridoid Q belonged to the C‐1 degradation of seco‐iridoids. As a result, 9‐epi‐valtral C displayed significant inhibition on Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus argenteus, Shigella flexneri and Klebsiella pneumoniae, and valeridoid Q exhibited the most significant inhibition against Salmonella enteritidis. 9‐Epi‐valtral C and baldrinal selectively inhibited the growth of human glioma stem cells. Valeridoid Q exhibited significant anti‐influenza activity, while valeridoid O inhibited nitric oxide production.
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